Industrial summer training at FCI

Industrial Summer Training(FT 471)

Undergone by the students: Kunaljit Ojah (FPB13003) Merugu Vamshi Krishna(FPB13008)

Dipangkar Das(FPB13022) Surakala Keerthana(FPB12035)

At Food Corporation of India, BSD, Cherlapally

Content

• Introduction• Objectives of FCI• Procurement• Storage • Distribution• Conclusion

Introduction

• FCI has been entrusted with the task of providing food security to the nation and these duties include

Procurement

Storage

Movement

Distribution

of grains

Objectives of Food Corporation of India

Effective price support operations for safeguarding the interests of the farmers.

Distribution of food grains throughout the country for public distribution system.

Maintaining satisfactory level of operational and buffer stocks of food grains to ensure National Food Security.

Regulate market price to provide food grains to consumers at a reliable price.

Food Corporation of India,BSD, Cherlapally

• Established year:1980

•Depot has 1 lakh MT Capacity

•20 godowns of similar structure

•With road & rail connectivity

Stock capacity of BSD, CherlapallyOne Godown 5000MT

One godown(unit) 3compartments

One compartment 12stacks

One godown 36stacks

One stack 30´×20´

One stack =5000MT/36

=139MT

One layer of one stack = (12+8) ×7 bags

=140bags

=7MT

No.of layers of One std stack =139MT/7MT

=20

Flow ChartSources of Receipt of

Food Grains by Wagon or by Truck

Quality Testing

Follow Quality complaints Procedure

Accepted in Godowns

Quality Testing

Rejected

RejectedInspection Assessment Segregation Salvaging

Reconditioning

Disposal of Damage Food Grains Sound for Stacking

Periodical QC Inspection and Preservation

Accepted

Accepted

Procurement

The procurement of stocks will be accepted after analysis by the quality control technicians.

ANALYSIS FOR ACCEPTANCE:• From the received consignments, they collect the sample from each bag of total lot by the poker.•Then the samples are brought in polythene pouches for moisture analysis and in cloth pouches for quality analysis.

• The total quality analysis will be done by the quality control staff/Technical staff at laboratory.

• For the acceptance they follow the guidelines of uniform specification (as per BIS) of food grains, which are also known as fair average quality (FAQ) specifications, are formulated by Department of Food and Public Distribution.

Cloth pouches Polythene pouches

Moisture analysisQuality analysis

Sample

Uniform specification for grade 'A' & common rice Refractions Maximum Limit (%)

Grade A Common

Brokens

Raw 25.0 25.0

Parboiled 16.0 16.0

Foreign Matter

Raw/Parboiled 0.5 0.5

Damaged Grains

Raw 3.0 3.0

Parboiled 4.0 4.0

Discolored Grains

Raw 3.0 3.0

Parboiled 5.0 5.0

Chalky Grains

Raw 5.0 5.0

Red Grains

Raw/Parboiled. 3.0 3.0

Admixture of lower class


Dehusked Grains


Moisture content


Uniform specification for Indian wheat of all varieties

Foreign Matter%

Other Food Grains %

Damaged Grains %

Shriveled &Broken Grains %

0.75 2.00 2.00 6.00

Moisture analysis

PRIMARY • Hot air oven (based on principle of convection).

SECONDARY

• Moisture meter (based on electrical conductivity)

Moisture analysis

HOT AIR OVEN• WORKING: samples are taken in petri dish and kept inside the oven for 2hrs at 130- 133C .The loss in mass of grains result the reading of moisture content.

= () × 100 =

Moisture meter• Moisture meters uses the dielectric constant of grain to predict moisture

Type of cup

sample

A Wheat

B Paddy & Rice

C Parboiled Rice

Sample are taken in respective cups.The sample in the steel cup

Pressure is adjusted according to the specifications.Press the read button and wait for 1 minute to get reading

Sample Pressure(inHg)Wheat 0.275

Parboiled rice 0.430

Rice 0.325

Calibration FCI will do calibration of meters before commencement of crop year, in kharif & rabi to avoid

differences of moisture content from meter to meter.

Commodity Correction FactorRaw Rice (+) 0.02

Boiled Rice (+) 0.04

Wheat (+) 0.04

Paddy (+) 0.06

Maize (+) 0.03

Pulses (+) 0.06

Quality analysisAnalysis of Rice for brokens, foreign matter, damaged grains, discolored grains, chalky graings, red grains, admixture of lower class:

• Samples of rice is spread in a circular layer of about 12 mm thickness.• From this spread sample, a quantity of 20g is

scooped out from center, sides and different points for the purpose of analysis/classification.• separated and counted on count basis and the

percentage of each physical components are noted down.

Analysis of dehusked grains

• Dehusked grains are rice kernels whole or broken which have more than ¼ th of the surface area of the kernel covered with the bran.

• Calculation:Percentage of Dehusked grains = N X 100 W N = Number of dehusked grains in 5 grams of sample W = Total grains in 5 grams of sample

Take 5 grams of rice (sound head rice and brokens) in a petri dish

Dip the grains in about 20 mL of Methylene Blue solution for 1 minute

Decant the Methylene Blue solution

Give a swirl wash with about 20mL of dilute hydrochloric acid

Wash with water

Add 20 mL of Metanil Yellow solution

Decant and wash with water

Count the dehusked grains that has green streaks

Storage

• Placing of stacks in compartments.• Stacks in the compartments of godowns will be arranged in criss-cross order so that bags remain intact.

Regular fortnightly inspection of each stack was done. And record will be maintained to show the condition of the stored food grains on the basis of categorization and classification.

Sampling of lots during storage:

• The entire lot sampling will be done.• Sampling has to be done covering all 5 sides of stacks in a crossed

manner like in w/z/x. • If the stacks are found infested during inspection then the stock should

be rendered pest free by prophylactic treatment, curative treatment.

Classification: It is based on presence of infestation in the stored food grains.

Quality of lot Level of infestation

Clear Lots completely free from infestation.

Few Lots having upto 2 living insects per 500gms representative sample.

Heavy Lots having more than 2 living insects per 500 gms representative sample.

Category of Rice % Damaged Grains % Discolored GrainsA Upto3% Upto 3%

B Above 3% upto 4% Above 3% upto 5%

C Above 4% upto 5% Above 5% upto 7%

Categorizations: Based on damage and discoloration.

Category of wheat % of damageA category Upto 1% weevilled grainB category Above 1% to 4% weevilled grain

C category Above 4% to 7% weevilled grain

D category Above 7% to 10% weevilled grain

• Damage and discoloration is mainly due to pest, moisture content, humidity, temperature, storage condition, oxygen, foreign matter.• There are different type of pests, which are responsible for damage and

discoloration.• Minor pest is Tribolium Castaneum. • Major pests are Sitophilus Oryzae, Rhyzoputha dominica, Trogoderma granarium

etc.• Damage and discoloration due to pest can be control by prophylactic & curative

treatment.• Due to moisture, RH, temperature can control by the proper aeriation.

Fumigation

• Prophylactic treatment controls the surface crawling and cross infestation.• The main insectisides used for prophylactic treatment are:Malathion: Malathion kills insects by preventing their nervous system from

working properly.Malathion

(1Part)

Water(100 Parts)

Mixer(3L)

Sprayed for 100

sq.meters

Deltamethrin: Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide. Pyrethroids are synthetic compounds made to mimic the pyrethrins that are isolated from chrysanthemum flowers.

Deltamethrin can kill insects by direct contact or if they eat it. It disrupts their normal nervous system function.

Deltamethrin (120

g)

Water

(3L)

Mixer(3L)

Sprayed for 100

sq.meters

• D.D.V.P.(2,2-Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate ): DDVP act by interfering with the activities of cholinesterase, an enzyme that is essential for the proper working of the nervous systems of insects.

D.D.V.P.

(1Part)

Water(150 Parts)

Mixer(20%)

Sprayed on floor/wall

Curative treatment

• It is given to food grains to contact hidden and resident infestation of pests.

The main fumigant used for curative treatment is Aluminium Phosphide.

3 tablets (9g) per MT

covered by CLTP or LDPE covers

The edges are closed/covered with mud or sand snakes

• AlP + 3 H2O → Al(OH)3 + PH3

• AlP + 3 H+ → Al3+ + PH3

• 2 AlP + 6 H2O → Al2O3∙3 H2O + 2 PH3

Formulations of aluminium phosphide leave mainly an inert residue of the metallic hydroxide.

cereals in international trade a tolerance of 0.1 mg/kg expressed as PH3 is recommended.

Degassing:First sand snakes/ red mud are removed.Then the covers are demounted.After exposure period, the stocks may be aerated for some time before

issue/ despatch. After fumigation, the stacks should be cleaned/brushed to remove the residual powder of aluminum hydroxide.

Note: After fumigation the dead skeletons need to be cleaned fast. Otherwise, they increase activity/increased contamination and also increase the uric acid content in food grains.

• If storage of grains above 2 years will undergo more than 20 treatments pesticidal residue tests to be conducted by laborites. There may be a chance of increase the level of uric acid in the food grains of than 2 years.• FCI will refer that samples to the public analysis & other labs of food

departments. And they freeze the stock till report come. After it is declared safe for human consumption, then only they issued for consumption.• If the test is positive. They issue that stock to the tenders/3rd party

(manure, manufacturing purposes).

DISTRIBUTION:

• Distribution of stocks of wheat and rice in FCI is divided into two categories : 1) Issuable Stocks 2)Non-Issuable Stocks• Issuable stocks are those which are fit for human consumption and fall

under PFA standards. • Non-Issuable stocks are unfit for human consumption. • Under Issuable stocks, there are two further subdivisions- 1)Ready stocks

2)Upgradable stocks

Ready stocks

Sl. No.

Refraction Maximum limits as per uniform specification

Grade ‘A’ Common

1. Broken RAW 25 25

PBR 16 16

2. Chalky Grains 5 5

3. Red Grains RAW 3 3

PBR 3 3

4. Dehusked Grains RAW/PBR 12 12

These are the stocks which fall under A, B & C categories of PFA standards and are free from any kind of infestations.

Upgradeable stocks

• All stocks of wheat and rice other than READY STOCKS but containing damaged grains within FSSAI standards shall form part of Upgradable stocks.

Non issuable stocks (Table)

Sl. No.

Particulars of rice % of sound grains other foreign matter and damaged food grains

1. Feed i) (85 – less than 95)%ii) Weevilled grains alone exceeding 10%iii) Uric acid content alone found exceeding 100ppm.

2. Industrial Use i) (30 – less than 55)%ii) Contaminated with poisonous chemicals and

fertilizers. 3. Manure Use (10 – less than 30)%

4. Dumping Less than 100%

Conclusion

• Thus, we reach the overall conclusion of our summer internship programme at FCI. We learnt about the working of the FCI with practical experience; procurement, storage, pest control, quality tests and various other aspects. • It was a very beneficial training programme for us where we were able

to learn so much and we do hope I'll help us greatly in our future endeavours.

Than

k You