INDUSTRIAL STUDIES EAT 221. INDUSTRIAL STUDIES Introduction Module Leader - Ken Robson Course structure 20 weeks of lectures/tutorials, 2 weeks revision.

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

EAT 221

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Introduction

• Module Leader - Ken Robson

Course structure

• 20 weeks of lectures/tutorials, 2 weeks revision

• 10 credit module

• Assessment - written exam, end of Semester 2

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Contact Details

Email: [email protected]

Study material – http://www.cet.sunderland.ac.uk/~cs0kro

I reside in Pod 113B, ground floor, David Goldman building, St Peters Campus

Telephone: 01915152881

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Introduction

• Core Text Book:– Operations Management (Slack et al 2004)

• Other useful references:– Safety at work (J.Ridley 1994)– Exploring Corporate Strategy (Johnson et al 2005)– Accounting for Non-accounting Students (Dyson

1997)

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Introduction

The course aims to develop :-Basic knowledge of : • Management and business practices within

an operations environmentThe ability to:• utilise tools and techniques for controlling

quality and satisfying customer needs• apply a range of financial tools which can be

used for control cost

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Module Structure and Content

1. Legislation at work and its implications

2. Job design and work organisation

3. Design of products and services

4. Quality planning and control

5. Finance

6. Failure prevention and recovery

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

EAT 221 Unit 1 - Legislation at work

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Objectives of Unit 1

• This Unit not meant to teach legislation• Rather to appreciate the potential impact of

legislation on managers and engineers in the workplace

• To create and awareness of the abundance of regulations and codes of practice that need to be adhered to.

• To discuss the ways that risk is managed and how the likelihood of injury to people can be minimised

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Key Areas CoveredSAFETY

THELAW

HEALTH &SAFETY

ACTS

SUBORDINATELEGISLATION

MANAGEMENTOF RISK

ACCIDENTINVESTIGATION

Health & Safety at work act 1974 Factories Act 1961 Fire precautions Act 1971 Mines & Quarries Acts 1954-1971 Environmental Protection Act 1990 Road Traffics Act 1936 Public Health Act 1936 Petroleum Act 1928

Asbestos Licensing Regs. 1983 Construction Regs. 1961-1966 Asbestos at work regs. 1987 Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards regs. 1984 Control of Lead at Work regs. 1980 Control of Pollution regs. 1980 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSH) regs. 1988 The Electricity at Work regs. 1989 Fire Certificate regs. 1976 Health & Safety at Work regs. 1974 Display Screen Equipment regs 1992 Ionising Radiations regs.1985

Manual Handling regs. 1992 Noise at Work regs. 1989 Personal Protective Equipment at Work (PPE) regs.1992 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) regs.1992 Power Presses regs. 1965 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences regs.1985 Safety Representatives and Safety Committee regs. 1977 Safety Signs regs. 1980 Workplace regs. 1992 European Directives ………...

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

The Law

• Laws are necessary to govern and regulate the affairs and behaviour of individuals and communities for the benefit of all (J.Ridley 1994)

• The law relating to the workplace, concern’s the protection of workers safety and health, employment and right to take industrial action

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

The Law Structure

• UK, H&S legislation consist of a number of principle Statutes or Acts of parliament

• These form the basis for subordinate regulations i.e. These are what we work with!

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

The Health & Safety at Work Act 1974

• Roben’s committee set up in 1970 • To quell union concerns over the legislation at the time – issues of

inequality across industries and lack of safeguards• Roben’s committee reported in 1972

Main recommendations:

1. Replace existing legislation with one act applying to all persons at work2. Replace detail with a few simple precepts that can be generally applied3. Change enforcement approach so that prosecution is not always the first

resort4. Ensure occupational safety protects visitor and the public5. Place more emphasis on safe systems of work rather than technical

standards6. Actively involve workers in procedures for accident prevention at their

place of work

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

The Health & Safety at Work Act 1974

Duties imposed on employers and others by the act :

• Provide and maintain plant and systems of work that are safe and without risks to health

• Ensure that the use, handling ,storage and transport of articles and substances is safe and without risk

• Provide such information, instruction, training and supervision to ensure that employees can carry out their jobs safely

• Ensure that any workshop is safe and healthy and that safe means of access and egress are maintained, particularly in respect of high standards of housekeeping, cleanliness, disposal of rubbish and stacking of goods in the proper place

• Keep the workplace environment safe and healthy, so that the atmosphere is such as not to give rise to poisoning, gassing or the encouragement of the development of diseases.

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Some key Regulations

• Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSH) regs. 1988• The Electricity at Work regs. 1989• Health & Safety at Work regs. 1974• Manual Handling regs. 1992• Noise at Work regs. 1989• Personal Protective Equipment at Work (PPE) regs.1992• Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER)

regs.1992• Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences

regs.1985

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Administration/policing of the Act

Two bodies

• Health & Safety Commission – Formulate Policy

• Health & Safety Executive – Implement Policy

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Failure to Comply

Magistrates Court– Breach of Sections 2 - 6 of the act– Or breach of Improvement notice , prohibition

notice, court remedy order.

Penalties up to £20,000, others up to £5000

Crown Court

– Disqualification of Directors – – Penalties - Up to 2 years (Crown)

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Accident Reporting• The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and

Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR)

• Fatal Accidents, Major Injury , certain dangerous occurrences – must be reported to the HSE

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

How are Accidents typically distributed (Bird study)

Near misses/dangerous occurrences

First Aid

Injuries

Damage to Plant

and equipment

Serious and disabling accidents

1

10

30

100Bird,F.R. & Loftus,R.G (1976) . ‘Loss Control Systems’ Institute Press

Proactive approach - focus your safety efforts on these two areas

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

An Accident Control system

WorkProcess

PreventionApproaches

Managing system

Reports of Accidents, first aid injuries, damage, near misses

Method statement, permit to work, PPE, COSH

OUTPUTSPEOPLE

INPUTS

Standards,targetsAccident investigations

Root cause analysis

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Management interventions to reduce the risk of accidents

Reactive approaches– employed post incident– accident investigations – corrective action

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Proactive Safety Approaches

Proactive Safety Approaches - Identify, evaluate and control hazards/risks before an accident occurs

• Safety Inspections• Employee involvement• Safe systems of work• Risk assessment• Warning signs• Guarding, interlocking• Procedures• Poka Yoke – foolproof systems• Monitoring of performance• Deterrents – rules, regulations, penalties

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Examples of Safety Signs

HAZARDS

MANDATORY

PROHIBITION

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Examples of Poka Yoke

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Special Risks - Machinery ‘Where the operation to be performed by or on a piece of

equipment, such as adjusting a moving machine or the emergency servicing to enable a machine to complete a particular operation, is likely to put the operator at particular risk to his/her health and safety, then special precautions must be taken’ (Ridley 94)

• Permits to work• Lock off and tag systems• Emergency plans – environmental, fire,

bomb threat

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

Situational Question

• You are a manager/engineer in charge of a large project i.e. the installation of a new production line. Considering the project life cycle phases that are involved i.e. design, build, test/inspect, instal, commission, what actions would you take to ensure the safety aspects of your project are addressed

INDUSTRIAL STUDIES

NEXT SESSION

• Risk and Hazard Assessment

• Quantitative method of assessing risk