Industrial Security Management
Jan 13, 2016
Industrial Security Management
Define Security 1. Freedom from risk or danger; safety. 2. Freedom from doubt, anxiety, or fear; confidence. 3. Something that gives or assures safety, as:
a. A group or department of private guards: Call building security if a visitor acts suspicious.
b. Measures adopted by a government to prevent espionage, sabotage, or attack.
c. Measures adopted, as by a business or homeowner, to prevent a crime such as burglary or assault: Security was lax at the firm's smaller plant.
d. Measures adopted to prevent escape: Security in the prison is very tight.
Ancient Times
Lake dwellings Drawbridges and boats Natural caves on high cliffs Great wall of China
Emperor Shih Huang Ti Rome
Broad, straight roads Patrol by legions Bridges, controlled by iron gates and guards
Emperor Augustus
Emperor Augustus Recognized unreliable legions Praetorian Guard
Bodyguard police Urban cohorts
Gendarmerie composed of soldiers with police and military duties
Vigiles police-firemen
Middle Ages
Nobleman Provide food and security for the serf who works the
land, and provide arms for the king and fought his wars
Serfs Laborer
Tithings Groups of 10 families who maintain law and order Anglo-Saxon, acceptance of mutual responsibility
for civil and military protection of individuals
Frankpledge System of Social Obligation
King demanded all Englishmen to swear to maintain the peace
Magna Carta
King John Document that established the supremacy of
law over arbitrary edict Established the lord's individual rights Stated the responsibilities of the state and its
subject
Statute of Westminster
King Edwards 1285 Formalized England's practice in criminal justice
and apprehensions Involvement of ordinary citizens in criminal
justice Requires every male between ages 15-60 to
keep a weapon in his home as a “harness to keep the peace”
Preventive aspect Watch and ward
Watch by night, ward by day
Repressive aspect Hue and cry
Upon resistance—citizen's assistance
Punitive aspect Presentment to constable
Morning after the arrest
Cromwell 1655 Tried to use army as police force to prevent and
repress crimes Lack of cooperation from all classes of people Absence of effective police mechanism between the
people and his troops
Early Themes in Security Management
Division of area into geographic sections Rotation of duties among citizens
Early Problems of Security Management
Dissatisfaction of citizen's with their duties Hiring of others to take their place
Industrial Revolution
Mechanization of production system Change from cottage industries to large
factories Famine in rural ares—movement of people from
country to towns to seek work in factories Increase in political extremists “Riot Act”- military quell the riots
Rewards and Punishment
Reward law-abiding citizens Severe punishments to discourage law-
breaking Self-help organization—every man to trust
himself for security
19th Century England
Security as a private enterprise Industrial firms employ their own police
Railway companies “Bow Street Runners”
Alternative to private thief-takers Reward system Bribery Criminal collusion
Sir Robert Peel
1829 Established the Metropolitan Police Force in
London, England Based at Scotland Yard Constables were nicknamed “bobbies” or
“peelers” "the police are the public, and the public are the
police"
Mid-1800s at the United States
American colonists—English System of law enforcement
Collective responsibility Reformation of Manners Society of the Suppression of Vice and
Encouragement of Religion, 1801 “Evangelical Police” system
Violence in the West Stagecoach Mail, gold, money passengers Prey for hold-ups James Gang and Wild Bunch 1848, discovery of gold Express companies
1850, American Express Henry Wells and William Fargo East of Missouri 1852, west of Missouri
Alan Pinkerton
1880s Modern day private security 'master sleuth” Civil War Intelligence and counter-espionage services Between 1867 and 1875 led the pursuit for
Frank and Jessie James Personal guard for President Abraham Lincoln
Pinkerton Detective Agency
“We never sleep.” Black and white eye (private eye) After Alan Pinkerton's death in 1884, the
agency was ran by his sons Robert Pinkerton and William Pinkerton
Considered as the only investigative agency with truly national capabilities
Philippine Setting
Pre-War
March 1, 1943 Special Watchman Agency Later renamed Jimenez Security Agency First formally licensed private security agency Granted license by the City of Manila pursuant
to an ordinance passed by the City Council no. 2162
Post-War
“Bombay Serene” Security guard Porter Messenger No obligations to employers Watchman Deterrence by their physical presence
Early Security Agency Business name Mayor's permit Municipal licenses Book of account (BIR, Bureau of Internal
Revenue) Lax supervision and administration by
government Firearms are uncontrolled in terms of number,
distribution, caliber and type Total permissiveness
PADPAO
Philippine Association of Detectives and Protective Agency Operators, Inc.
May 30, 1958 Private security agency operators Code of conduct and a system of control Lobbied in congress
RA 5487
Private Security Agency Law June 13, 1969 Set standards and minimum requirements for
operation of private security agencies Specifically tasked the Commanding General,
Philippine Constabulary (CG, PC) with general supervision over private security service industry in the country
Problems
Inefficient small, fly-by-night operators Armed groups posing as security agencies Too-large agencies—private armies
PD No. 11
October 3, 1972 President Ferdinand E. Marcos Rectify problems of RA 5487 Enlarge coverage of “Private Security Law”
Include security guards and watchmen employed by logging concessions, agricultural mining or pasture land and under the category of watchmen
Security guard agency includes not only government-owned but also controlled corporations that employ their own security guards
Increase regulatory power of CG, PC now Chief, PNP that authorizes to impose sanctions which is inclusive of authority to suspend violators of provisions of RA 5487
Did not resolve the problems of private security service industry from the viewpoint of law enforcement
PD No. 100
January 17, 1973 Broaden the coverage of industry Include employee of the national or local
government, or any agency, or instrumentality thereof, that is employed to watch or secure government buildings, compounds or premises and other properties other than members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), guards of the National Bureau of Prisons (NBP), provincial and city guards, and members of the police forces of the cities and municipalities