INDUSTRIAL PLANTATION STATUS IN KENYAspgs.mwe.go.ug/sites/files/Plantation development Kenya.pdf · Forest Plantations Area • Plantation area 125,000ha • Total stocked plantation

INDUSTRIAL PLANTATION STATUS IN KENYA

Anthony M MainaKenya Forestry Service

3rd SPGS Commercial Forestry Seminar-24/09/2008

Introduction• Plantation Area and Age Distribution• Species/Age Distribution• Thinning Regimes and Yields• Wood Demand Scenarios• Volume Distribution• Resource Allocation and Re-structuring• Felling Plans• Issues Impacting on Plantations• PELIS

Forest Plantations Area • Plantation area 125,000ha• Total stocked plantation area 110,000ha• Cypress 57,900ha• Pinus Patula 23,000ha• Other Pines 3,900ha• Eucalyptus 13,300ha• Mixed hardwoods 12,000ha

Age/Area Distribution For Cypres

Volume/Age Distribution

Thinning Regime and Yields

Wood Demand Scenarios

10284801142755.612856001469257.11607000514240TOTAL

1440160018002057.14292250720VIHIGA

4656051733.3335820066514.2867275023280U/GISHU

1776019733.3332220025371.429277508880T/NZOIA

504056006300720078752520THIKA

1440160018002057.14292250720TAITA TAVETA

102240113600127800146057.1415975051120NYERI

118560131733.33148200169371.4318525059280NYANDARUA

201602240025200288003150010080NANDI

96960107733.33121200138514.2915150048480NAKURU

1440160018002057.14292250720MURANGA

504005600063000720007875025200MERU CENTRAL

000000MARAKWET

72008000900010285.714112503600MARAGWA

2880320036004114.285745001440MALINDI

81609066.66671020011657.143127504080MAKUENI

73608177.7778920010514.286115003680MACHAKOS

153120170133.33191400218742.8623925076560KOIBATEK

38404266.666748005485.714360001920KITUI

1248013866.6671560017828.571195006240KIRINYAGA

8892098800111150127028.57138937.544460KIAMBU

121360134844.44151700173371.4318962560680KERICHO

100320111466.67125400143314.2915675050160KEIYO

1680018666.6672100024000262508400KAKAMEGA

3240360040504628.57145062.51620KAJIADO

21600240002700030857.1433375010800EMBU

1920021333.3332400027428.571300009600BARINGO

@ 50% recov@ 45% recov@ 40% recov@ 35% recovdemand @ 32% recovMill capacityDISTRICT

Age/SPP/Volume Distribution

531965531965287008071042255529

684915684915018441550050028

714630714630012481058982027

119378011937801452522687095238526

10188151018815013961587920025

106264423728093769688824

14245656804317602346411723223

13193652609501887211306422

1053183159540133869193221

79920239760056587426220

600661801982034148384319419

7756823270472132906420618

472081416240111303607817

218685467067247921640416

970424260803392623215

42760106900140121403048014

582681456700149804328813

750201875500105246449612

SALEABLE VOL(M3)TOTAL VOL (M3)OTHER PINES (HA)P.PATULA (HA)CUP LUST (HA)AGE (YRS)

Young Stands Volume distribution

45704967291260.8

531965531965287008071042255529

684915684915018441550050028

714630714630012481058982027

119378011937801452522687095238526

10188151018815013961587920025

106264423727.7093769688824

142456568043.317602346411723223

131936526094.801887211306422

1053183159540133869193221

79920239760056587426220

600661801982034148384319419

7756823270472132906420618

472081416240111303607817

218685467067247921640416

970424260803392623215

42760106900140121403048014

582681456700149804328813

750201875500105246449612

SALEABLE VOL(M3)TOTAL VOL (M3)OTHER

PINES(HA)P.PATULA

(HA)CUP LUST(HA)AGE(YRS)

Volume Distribution For Over-mature Stands

90264309026430

371899537189959376152E+0678085041

2821002821001540014112012558040

3624603624601473518872015900539

3991403991405862514584519467038

4965454965453521020065526068037

5470505470503657514248536799036

5608055608051757019799534524035

403620403620202657906530429034

4632254632251603014094530625033

5470155470153241010769540691032

585410585410308007784047677031

6600656600652037018595545374030

SALEABLE VOL(M3)TOTAL VOL

(M3)OTHER PINES

(HA)P.PATULA (HA)CUP LUST

(HA)AGE (YRS)

Resource Allocation and Restructuring• Sawlogs :If sawmills continue at current recovery

rates of 32% then the annual demand for sawlogsis 1,600,000 m3. At recovery rate of 45% the demand drops to 1,200,000 m3.

• Ply and panel: Annual demand of plywood is expected to be 300,000 m3.

• pulp wood• PPM requires 60-70% pine, 20-30% cypress and

10% eucalyptus for a total annual demand of 450,000 m3.

• The total demand therefore is 1,950,000 m3.

Clearing Backlogs And Normalizing Thinning Regimes

• Over-mature Plantations• Average yield 326m3/ha (inventory data). • Plantations >30 yrs to be spread for a minimum of six years.

(see table 6)• Start harvesting of 25-29yrs plantations after six yrs• Thinnings• To be spread five yrs and remain within technical orders

specifications on delayed thinnings.– 1st commercial to start with current age 14 going

backwards to current age 10 by 5th yr– 2nd commercial to start at current age 19 to current 15 by

5th yr– 3rd commercial to start with current 24 back to current 20– 1st thinning 40 m3/ ha@ 12 yrs (inventory data)– 2nd thinning 60 m3 /ha@17 yrs– 3rd thinning 80 m3/ha@22yrs

Pulpwood Allocation (PPM)

133,07012%78%10%54.4325.810

82,25021%69%10%39.9195.111

142,06519%71%10%96.8309.112

206,67546%44%10%338252.513

120,05033%57%10%14320014

58,10031%59%10%6510115

150,1508%82%10%4438516

160,33513%77%10%76.138217

224,14018%72%10%133.450718

189,70023%67%10%16038219

Estimated vol.m3 (C&P)% Pine%Cypress% EuclptPine (Ha)Cypress(Ha)Age

Felling Plan-Overmature

1,401,245annual cut in approx cubic

meters/yr

4,298.30annual cut in hectares

plantations >30 yrs to be c/f in six years

25,789.80TOTAL

5,121.40238.81061.43821.230-32

4,079.00153.91194.32730.833-35

5,157.70414.71936.32806.736-39

11,431.702722.961192589.8>40

Total area (ha) Other Pines (ha)P.Patula (ha)Cypress (ha)AGE (YRS)

Felling Plan Thinnings-Restructuring

Thinning backlogs cleared in 5 yrs

1,332.00

2076.515642.5105TH YR

1,755.30

21117.7161228.4114TH YR

1,649.20

22328.5171469.6123RD YR

1,780.70

23652.418866.2132ND YR

1,328.30

2445919726141ST YR

AREA (ha)

3rd com.(YR)AREA (ha)2nd Com.(YR)AREA (ha)1st Com (YR)

Harvesting Plan for Clear-fells and Thinnings

1,596,19558,100

1,538,095.001,401,245136,850.005th year

1,748,017150,150

1,597,867.001,401,245196,622.004th year

1,772,010160,335

1,611,675.001,401,245210,430.003rd year

1,841,633224,140

1,617,493.001,401,245216,248.002nd year

1,753,789189,700

1,564,089.001,401,245162,844.001st year

G/TOTALPULP M3TOTAL M3(sawlogs)CLEARFELL M3THINNING M3

Issues Impacting on Plantation Programme

• Under-funding• Loss of permanent labour• Irregular surveys and inventories• Timely release of funds• Harvesting moratorium• Planting backlogs• Slow pace of reforms

Way Foward• Increased funding• Restructuring PPM• Re-introduction of PSPs• Re-introduction of tree breeding programme• Concessioning of plantations• Lifting the harvesting moratorium• Introducing bamboo as a commercial species• Increase species range• Upscale PELIS

Way Forward

• Commercialize the Plantations• Upscale PELIS• Re-Introduce PSPs• Introduce More commercial species• Start tree breeding programme• Address seed sources and quality• Concession plantations• Lift the harvesting ban• Introduce commercial bamboo production• Revamp the sawmilling industry