Industrial machinery

PEDRO SEGUNDO TECA

COURSE NAME

Industry machines

STUDENTS PROFILE

Focus more on solutions to problems than on thegrowth of theoretical knowledge.

ATLANTIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

PEDRO SEGUNDO TECA

ID UM33804SME42378

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FEBRUARY 2015

Industry machines written by Pedro Segundo Teca.

A Thesis Presented to

The Academic Department

Of the School of Science and Engineering

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of Masters in Mechanical Engineering

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ATLANTIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 Concepts of industrial machinery

1.2 Documents implemented by the Department ofMaintenance Management.

1.3 Classification of industrial machinery.

1.4 List of equipment and their respective works.

1.5 Conclusion

1.6 Bibliography

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1. Introdution

Since ancient times, man has been developing equipments inorder to facilitate his work. In the construction andengineering sector, we use different machines for differenttypes of work and these machines differ from each other forgross weight, the ability to load lifting, the bucket size,and other features designed according the manufacturer.Every day we encounter various situations in the works,concerning the equipment stopped by breaking a part. Hencethe question to ask:

1) Why the machines break down?

2) How can we make the machines to stop breaking?

3) How should be the maintenance of these machines?

Based on the above-referenced issues, we draw the following causes:

1) The machines even if they are new they will break, thesebreaks can happen for many reasons such as: manufacturingdefects, poor operation, lack of a well-trained maintenance

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team, poor lubrication of its components, non-compliance ofthe terms of preventive maintenance.

2) Lack of a maintenance department management.

3) Distribution of Excess job

4) Third world Maintenance I mean only intervene whenfails, always resorting to corrective maintenance andworkaround.

Chance to resolve the problems encountered:

a) Every professional should specifically make a definitework.

b) There must be a training plan for all categories

c) The functional organization of the Company must be fullyrespected and fulfilled.

d) There should be a Department of Control or maintenancemanagement with catalogs, and computers where does therecording, storing and historical equipment.

e) The communication is essential between the operation andmaintenance.

f) Reduce the corrective maintenance, opting for predictiveand preventive.

g) Must be reduced excess material requisitions, withoutknowing the stock in the parts warehouse.

h) Every professional should be aware of the concept ofcosts.

i) Should do an audit of the groundwork regarding theiracademic levels.

Throughout my experience and track record in buildingcompanies, I had come across the following operating andmaintenance failures caused by certain professionals, such

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as: An electrician replaced the 24 volt speed reducer twicein manitour multifunction machine, claiming that thisdevice is broken, when we examine the situation, what wasbehind it all, is that he wanted to save money and buymaterial from poor quality in the informal market.

Again an operator, fell with a grader in a slope of 2m,this could cause a serious accident and loss of life.

These problems all that I highlight here, are caused whenthe company simply cares about bill and never train itsstaff.

The objective of this work is to approach a little of myexperience in the following companies: Odebrecht Angola,Lda Cetenco and Tecnovia Angola. I will address onequipment maintenance has applied in these three companies.

Specifically I'll develop more about the maintenance ofmachines in the company Tecnovia Angola.

1.1 Concepts of Industry machines.

The purpose of equipment is to help man to perform aparticular task, in order to save human effort.

Machine is kown as any equipment that has a certainhydraulic system, electro-hydraulic, pneumatic ormechatronic, to perform a particular job. Industrialmachines are those which make large works. They differaccording to the sector concerned, size, number of workers.The work carried out by industrial machines can bedrilling, material handling, drilling, excavation,earthmoving, compaction, etc.

Previously our ancestors depended on the field to get thepower, invented the ax, machete and pick for cultivation ofthe field. But with the development of technology, we havenoted a reduction in human effort, because in the fieldswe can already find machines that make soil preparation,irrigation, is associated with these machines some animals

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like the bull to pull the plow, tractor farm together witha cart carrying the food products. Implements connected toa bull to dig the earth.

Any machine is manufactured using standardized types ofcomponents such as gear trains, transistors, thecrankshaft, panel lights, light sensors, security logos forsafety information and operating the machine and failurealarm sensors. And also have specific colors. With advancesin technology, specifically of electronic technology, hascreated devices such as computer, connected via USB cableto the machine, allows to detect faults of some componentsof the machine, because the machine's motor is installedPLC device ( programmable electronic device).

The construction companies use the model of hydraulicmachines, for example, the truck has a hydraulic system.The truck moves the drive loads from the four commands,these commands are connected by hydraulic hose coming fromthe hydraulic pump and this pump is powered by a hydraulictank, because the system is closed where the fluid ishydraulic oil. These four commands have differentfunctions: the first two are used to raise and lower loadsand the other two commands are used to move forward andbackward loads. It also has a parking brake and gas pedal.

Today, the demand for industrial machinery grew, forexample, the company Tecnovia Angola, has made the rentalof industrial machinery. Companies like hypermaquinaAngola, Cimertex and others are specialized in the rentalof industrial machinery for various construction andengineering companies.

According to the extracted sitemanutençãoesuprimentos.com.br,''machine is all anyappliance that uses energy to perform a certain work''.

1.2 Documents implemented by the Department of MaintenanceManagement.

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a) File of Preventive maintenance control

This file is to assist in the monitoring purpose of

reviews of equipment, works as follows: the file is

supplied with five (5) columns. A column contains the

type / make / model and description of the equipment,

the second contains the time / kilometer from the last

review, the 3rd contains the last review date, the 4th

contains the time / current and last kilometer (5th

column) we will have the difference of the two

readings, we will drive to / or must not carry out

preventive maintenance. Fig.1.0.

Fig.1.0

b) File relocation of equipment / transportation.

This file works as follows: Based on the delivery

notes, collect the data from the source and

destination of the equipment, noting this time the

date on which it was made transport. This tool helps

us to know the true location or current of our

equipment. The origin is the work in which it was

located and the destination, the new location refers

to where it will be fixed in the near future. Fig.1.1.

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Fig. 1.1.

c) Daily Allocation Trucks (Luanda).

In this file highlight the transportation of

aggregates from the Caxito crushing Center for the

various works of the company. We have our own trucks

to do this service and, failing this, rent the Chinese

trucks. Basically, it is the strict control of the

charges made by rented trucks. Fig.1.2.

Fig.1.2.

c) File occurrences in the works / Sheets weekly

check.

In this file make the summary information extracted

from the weekly check of records of the machines. In

order to facilitate the team's equipment management /

planning workshop repair / maintenance of this

equipment. Fig.1.3.

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Fig.1.3.

c) Inspection equipment technology.

In this paper makes a survey of the physical and

possible damage to equipment, eg. see plating (cracks

and dents), painting, etc.

This is a written report and attached to the pictures

of the weaknesses found. Hence, the mechanical team

planning is done from the necessary parts and the day

to act in order to solve the fault. Fig.1.4.

Fig.1.4

c) Equipment master file update.

In the master file updates to the relocation of

equipment, in order to facilitate better control of

these same. Also new equipment is added. Fig.1.5.

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Fig.1.5

c) Equipment intervention Sheets.

After the equipment has made the review, we use the

data contained in this intervention record and update

the preventive maintenance map, in order to facilitate

the control of revisions and future revisions.

d) Repair Order.

This document opens the order of corrective surgery of

equipment failure. Fig.1.6

Fig.1.6

c) Parts requisition.

In the play-ordering document or missing material to buy

(by the purchasing department). Fig.1.7

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Fig.1.7

c) Technical support

to the workshop personnel.

Technical Support Workshop Staff from knocks plates,

mechanics, locksmiths, electricians, painters, lubricators,

tire repairmen, etc.

d) Alignment of work / support the works.

Through the charge of equipment, one can monitor and

intervene in many current problems in the works.

1.3 Classification of industrial machinery

Earth moving machines are:

a) Crawler Excavator.

According to the Operator Beliano Venancio, (2015), the

Tecnovia Angola sets the excavator as a machine that makes

land excavations, open sewers or drainage ditch, slopes,

deforestation, etc.

The structure of the machine consists of a bucket, two

conveyor belts that facilitate locomotion an operator's cab

which makes the operation of the machine has a boom and

joystick to move the bucket and hydraulic hammer. In the

operator's cab has four (4) handles: two (2) upper handles

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to move the swivel and the spear. And two (2) lower handles

that make the movement forward and back. It also has a

manual throttle lock and a handle that is used for

hydraulic hammer. The driver's cab has A.C and the back of

the machine has security couplets, machine lubrication

plan. Daily visual inspection is made, based on the check

list to check the levels of oil and water. The lubrication

grease is made 8h / 8h. Fig.1.8.

Fig. 1.8 – Photo took at Viana

facilities, company Tecnovia Angola

a) Backhoe loader

According to my knowledge, backhoe loader is a machine

that has the task of digging trenches as both networks

and transport materials. It has two main parts: a

front bucket and a backhoe. The main brands are:

Caterpillar, John Deere, Volvo and case. It is based

on a tractor, inside the tractor has a driver's cab,

which makes up machine maneuvering. In the same cabin

has two sets of tabs or commands to operate various

principles of the machine. It also has two legs13

supports (outriggers) that open when you go into a

deal with the backhoe. This backhoe has a spear, long

arm with rotating movements and excavation. You must

train operators before operate the machinery. The

operators must fulfill the weekly check record in

order to report machine problems. Fig.1.9

Fig. 1.91.4 List of equipment and their respective works. Table

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Code Equipment full description Work/Location

02-002 Atlas Copco GA11 compressor + 10 Estaleiro de Viana

02-011Atlas Copco Compressor mobile GA 11 + 7.5 Bom Sossego/Camama

03-003 Mobile Compressor Atlas Copco XAS 67DD Bom Sossego/Camama

03-006 Roc Atlas Copco ECM 590 Camama

03-026 Roc Atlas Copco ECM 590 Camama

03-030 Metso Lokotrack LT1213S Camama

03-032 Crushers movably Power screen Camama

03-038 Dump Truck Bell B25D Camama

04-005 Autocarreg dumpers. Bell B40D Camama

04-007 Autocarreg dumpers. Bell B40D Camama

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04-014 Minivan Toyota Hilux Camama

04-015 Toyota Hilux pick up truck Camama

04-016 Vans pick up Toyota Hilux Camama

04-017 Minivan Toyota Hilux Camama

04-020 Tourism Dacia Logan Camama

04-024 Jeeps Chevrolet Captiva Camama

04-025 Van / Toyota Hilux Camama

04-027 Toyota Hilux pick up truck Camama

06-006 Toyota Hilux pick up truck Casa Cassenda

06-007 Van / Isuzu 2500TD CS 4X4 Casa Talatona

06-008 Van / Ford Ranger Casa Vila Alice

06-009 Van type pick up Ford Transit Caxito

06-019 Van pick up Ford Ranger Caxito

06-020 Van pick up Ford Ranger Caxito

06-024 Toyota Hilux pick up truck Caxito




06-042 Vans pick up Toyota Hilux Caxito



06-048 Van / Toyota Hilux Caxito


07-004 Van / Toyota Hilux caxito


07-025 Toyota Hilux pick up truck Central de betão


07-027 Light Toyota vans Hyace Central de betão


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07-038 Atlas Copco GA11 compressor + 10 Central de betão

07-039Atlas Copco Compressor mobile GA 11 + 7.5 Cuito Cuanavale

07-041 Mobile Compressor Atlas Copco XAS 67DD Cuito Cuanavale

07-042 Roc Atlas Copco ECM 590 Cuito Cuanavale

09-006 Roc Atlas Copco ECM 590 Cuito Cuanavale

09-009 Metso Lokotrack LT1213S Cuito Cuanavale

10-001 Crushers movably Power screen Cuito Cuanavale

16-019 Dump Truck Bell B25D Cuito Cuanavale

16-029 Autocarreg dumpers. Bell B40D Cuito Cuanavale

16-031 Autocarreg dumpers. Bell B40D Cuito Cuanavale

19-001 Minivan Toyota Hilux Cuito Cuanavale

19-010 Toyota Hilux pick up truck Escritorio central

19-011 Vans pick up Toyota Hilux Estaleiro de Viana

19-015 Minivan Toyota Hilux Estaleiro de Viana

19-017 Tourism Dacia Logan Estaleiro de Viana

19-022 Jeeps Chevrolet Captiva Estaleiro de Viana

19-026 Van / Toyota Hilux Estaleiro de Viana

19-027 Toyota Hilux pick up truck Estaleiro de Viana


19-039 Van / Isuzu 2500TD CS 4X4 Estaleiro de Viana

19-040 Van / Ford Ranger Estaleiro de Viana

19-049 Van type pick up Ford Transit Estaleiro de Viana

19-055 Van pick up Ford Ranger Estaleiro de Viana

19-069 Van pick up Ford Ranger Estaleiro de Viana




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19-097 Vans pick up Toyota Hilux Estaleiro de viana









22-011 Light Toyota vans Hyace Estaleiro de Viana



22-018 Atlas Copco GA11 compressor + 10 Estaleiro de Viana

22-020Atlas Copco Compressor mobile GA 11 + 7.5 Estaleiro de Viana

23-004 Mobile Compressor Atlas Copco XAS 67DD Estaleiro de Viana

23-005 Roc Atlas Copco ECM 590 Estaleiro de Viana

25-004 Roc Atlas Copco ECM 590 Estaleiro de viana

25-016 Metso Lokotrack LT1213S Estaleiro de Viana

27-005 Crushers movably Power screen Estaleiro de Viana

27-011 Dump Truck Bell B25D Estaleiro de Viana

27-021 Autocarreg dumpers. Bell B40D Estaleiro de Viana

33-109 Autocarreg dumpers. Bell B40D Estaleiro de Viana

1.5 Conclution

For the proper management of equipment in constructioncompanies, the search for solutions should be the

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responsibility of all, starting from the base ofprofessionals by the President of the contractor.

The purchase of equipment must be done according theplanning stage, this is one of the most serious situationsthat must be changed. We adopted a system of equipmentneeds in the works, the work must inform the management ofequipment, the equipment they need, that is, through theinternal requisition of equipment, give the equipmentmanager will know the availability of the equipmentrequested. And in case of not having equipmentavailability, we make the equipment allocation. At TecnoviaAngola, it is common the allocation of fexternal equipment,we draws up a contract which has beginning andindefinitely close time.

It is essential that the equipment management make aninventory of operating equipment in all works, in order toavoid surprises in time of need equipment in the works.

The cost-cutting issue and greetings of execution anddelivery deadlines work, is one of the reasons that makessome builders opt for rental of equipment than theacquisition of equipment. For example, the constructioncompany Odebrecht Angola, in Benguela province, in itsproject called Benguela waters, ended in the year 2014 tothe third stage, then, there was a sale auction of allequipment. According to one of its Directors, giving a TVinterview Brazilian Record, said that this procedure isintended to avoid the waste of equipment, knowing that theyare stopped in this way, they sell the equipments and themoney returns to the company's accounts. One should avoidrework, because if maintenance is planned, that is, ifthere is a technical file which contained the history ofthe equipment, we avoid rework. The corrective maintenanceequipment that aims to recover the damage suffered ortechnical failure, for example, in Tecnovia Angola, Vianaworksite, the garage has a pile-plate area where the

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plating repairs of the equipment and also paint thereof.However, have the material to ensure quality in themanagement of the work is not enough to ensure the qualitycarrying out the work. This is only possible if alsoconsider the quality in receiving materials and equipmentand the quality in the execution of each step of the workservices. (Souza, 1995).

This work aims to support professionals in this matter,maintenance of equipment, specifically the constructionmachinery in order to get an idea of the equipment used invarious construction sites, support the students of thiscourse maintenance management. Knowing about the criteriaand methods to be taken at the time of acquisition,allocation of equipment in the works and the variousprocesses, optimizing costs and streamlining processes.

''No Regard to equipment used in the work, which we cansee, is that there is still a concern with acquisitioncriteria, in order to contribute to change this situation,and this fact is more aggravating because waste withequipment, not be observed in the short term.'' (Maciel,2009).

1.6 Bibliography

http://www.unama.br/novoportal/ensino/graduacao/cursos/engenhariacivil/attachments/article/127/utilizacao_equipamentos_construcai_civil.pdf

www.google.com.br

www.wikipedia.org

www.industrialmachines.net

Maciel, Roney. Utilização e otimização de equipamentos naconstrução civil. Belém, 2009.

Castro, Leandro. Utilização e otimização de equipamentos naconstrução civil. Belém, 2009.

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http://www.industrialmachines.net/

http://www.wikipedia.org/

http://www.google.com.br/




TATEOKA, Thays. Máquinas e Equipamentos. São Paulo: Construção Mercado, 2004. Volvo Construction machinery, (2011), CD for Backhoe loader.

Joaquin Rocha, 2013 ´´ Manual of Hydraulics´´, Company Tecnasol

Workshop of Company Tecnovia Angola (2015), spoken interview andbibliography

Volvo Construction equipment (2013), ´´ Operator manual forHidraulic Escavator Volvo EC300D’’, Luanda

AIU Library.edu

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