Industrial health and safety seminar

By:- JATIN .S .AGRAWAL ( Engineering Professional )

Date of Seminar :- 4th September 2012 Time :- 10am onwards

Venue :- M.H Saboo Siddik Polytechnic.

By:- JATIN .S .AGRAWAL ( Engineering Professional )

Date of Seminar :- 4th September 2012 Time :- 10am onwards

Venue :- M.H Saboo Siddik Polytechnic.

Objective of Industrial Health and Safety

1. To Provide protection.

2. To provide healthy, safe and hygienic condition in the Industry.

3. To take protection against risk and hazards.

4. To provide prevention of accident on machinery and occupational hazards.

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The Factory Act

The Factory Act,1948 provides basic labour laws for industrial health and safety.

Factory act shall come into force on APRIL,1949.

Act was first passed in 1948 then amended in 1950,1951,1954,1976,1980,2005,2008,

15th May 2009. 3

Health : As defined by WHO, health is a state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well being and absence of disease.

Safety : Safety is a state of freedom from danger or risk. 4

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HEALTH 

Contents

1. Cleanliness 2. Disposal of wastes and effluents3. Ventilation and temperature4. Dust and fume5. Lighting6. Drinking water7. Good Machine Health8. Good Work Practice 7

Cleanliness

(1) Every factory shall be kept clean and free from effluvial arising from any drain, or other nuisance, and in particular :-

(a)Accumulation of dirt shall be removed daily by sweeping or by any other effective method;

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(b) The floor of every workroom shall be cleaned at least once in every week by washing, using disinfectant;

(c) Effective drainage shall be provided.

(2) All walls, partition, ceiling, passage shall be

painted periodically.9

Disposal of wastes and effluents

Waste shall be disposed of after suitable treatment to render them harmless to the external environment.

Waste water should be properly treated through ETP Plant and should be given out to the sewages.

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Ventilation and Temperature Effective and suitable provisions shall be made in

every factory for maintaining in every workroom ;

(a)The circulation of fresh air by adequate ventilation.

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(b) Such a temperature as determination secure to workers therein reasonable conditions of comfort and prevent injury to health;

(c) Process producing high temperature to be separated.

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Dust and Fumes

The working place should free from dust and fumes.

Provide exhaust for internal combustion engine.Provide Proper Scrubber System for Furnaces and

Boilers.Chimney to be provided for Smoke emission at

Higher altitudes. 13

Lighting

In every part of a factory where workers are working there shall be provided sufficient and suitable lighting.

All glazed windows and skylights used for the lighting of the workrooms shall be kept clean.

The government may prescribe standards of sufficient and suitable lighting for factories or for any manufacturing process. 14

Drinking Water

(1) In every factory, effective arrangements shall be made to provide and maintain at a suitable points for supply of wholesome drinking water.

(2) In every factory, wherein more than two hundred workers are employed, provisions shall be made for cooling drinking water during hot weather .

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Spittoons

(1) In every factory, there shall be provided a sufficient number of spittoons in suitable places and maintained in a clean and hygienic condition.

(2)The State Government may make rules prescribing the type and numbers of spittoons to be provided in any factory and maintenance in a clean and hygienic condition. 16

Good Machine Health

• Each and every machine should be maintained so as to be in Condition when received from OEM.

• Perodical Machine Audits should be done so as to find Major Flaws and Minor Flaws if any.

• Proper Lubrication and cleaning of Machine should be done as per Standards.

• History Card, OPL’s and Kaizens should be recorded and preserved near Machine for easy references.

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Good Work Practice

• Ensure proper Operation of Machine as per process mentioned by the OEM.

• A person handling Automated machine must be qualified so as to Operate it.

• Right Methdology should be used for Greasing and Lubrication of Machine.

• Machine Logs should be Maintained whenever Machine is turned ON.

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Some Critical Machines

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40 BAR OIL FREE HIGH PRESSURE COMPRESSOR

AMMONIA COMPRESSOR

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Safety    

Contents

1. Employment of young/Trained persons on

dangerous machine

2. Striking gear and devices for cutting off power

3. Casing of new machinery

4. Hoists and lifts

5. Protection of eyes

6. Precautions against dangerous fumes, gases, etc.

6a. Providing PPE devices at Critical Machines.21

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7.Precautions regarding the use of portable electric light .

8.Precautions in case of fire.

9.Test of stability.

10.Safety of buildings and machinery.

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Employment of Young/Trained persons on dangerous machines

No Undertrained person shall work on any dangerous machinery except fully instructed and received sufficient training in work at the machine, or is under adequate supervision by a person who has knowledge and experience of the machine . 23

Striking gear and devices for cutting off power

(1) In every factory-

Suitable striking gear to be provided and maintained and used to move driving belts shall be fast and loose pulleys which form part of the transmission machinery, and such gear or appliances shall be constructed, placed and maintained as to prevent the belt from creeping back on to the fast pulley. 24

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(2) In every factory suitable devices for cutting off

power in emergencies shall be provided and

maintained in every workroom .

(3) Locking device to prevent accidental starting.

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Casing of New machinery

(1) In all machinery driven by power :-

(a) Screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft,

GEAR ,spindle, wheel shall be encased(enclosed)

or otherwise effectively guarded as to prevent danger.

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(b) all spur, worm and other toothed or friction

gearing which does not require frequent

adjustment while in motion shall be completely

encased.

(2)The State Government may make rules specifying further safeguards to be provided in respect of any dangerous part of any particular machine or class of machines.

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Hoists and Lifts

(1) In every factory :-

(a)Hoists and lifts to be good mechanical construction and properly maintained / examined by a Expertise person at least once in every period of six months or As suggested by OEM.

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(b)Every hoist way and lift way shall be protected by an enclosure fitted with gates and the hoist or lift and every such enclosure shall be constructed as to prevent any person or things from being trapped between part of them.

(c) The cage of every hoist or lift used for carrying persons shall be fitted with a gate on each side from which access is afforded to a landing;

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(2) The following additional requirements shall apply to hoists and lifts used for carrying persons and installed or reconstructed in a factory after the initiation of this Act,

(a)Efficient devices shall be provided and maintained capable of supporting the cage together with its maximum load in the event of breakage of the ropes, chains and attachments;

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(b) where the cage is supported by rope or chain,

there shall be at least two ropes or chains

connected with the cage and balance weight,

and rope or chain with its attachments shall be

capable of carrying the whole weight of the

cage together with its maximum load;

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Protection of eyes

In any factory as may be prescribed, being a process which involves :-

(a) risk of injury to the eye from particles or fragments thrown off in the course of the process.

(b) risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive light, the State Government may by rules require that effective screens or suitable goggles shall be provided for the protection of eye. 32

Precautions against dangerous fumes, gases…

No person shall be required or allowed to enter any chamber, tank, vat , pipe , or other restricted space in any factory in which any gas, fume, vapour or dust is likely to be present to such a level as to involve risk to persons.

PPE’s to be provided near Equipments Like Boilers, Ammonia Compressors, High Nosie generating Machines.

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Risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive fumes and gases, the State Government may by rules require that effective screens or suitable goggles shall be provided for the protection of persons employ .

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Precautions in Case of Fire

(1) In every factory, all practicable measures shall be taken to prevent outburst of fire and its spread, both internally and externally, and to provide and maintain –

The necessary equipment and facilities for extinguishing fire.

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(2) Effective measures shall be taken to ensure that in every factory all the workers are familiar with the means of escape in case of fire and have been adequately trained in the routinely.

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Power to require specifications of defective parts or tests of stability

If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part of a building or any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition that it may be dangerous to human life or safety.

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Continue..To provide such drawings, specifications and other

particulars as may be necessary to determine whether such buildings, ways, machinery or plant can be used with safety, or

To carry out such tests in such manner as may be specified in the order, and to inform the Inspector .

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Safety of buildings and machinery

If it appears to the Inspector that the use of any

building or part of a building or any part of machinery or plant in a factory involves danger to human life or safety, he may serve on the occupier or manager or both of the factory an order in writing prohibiting its use until it has been properly repaired or altered.

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Safety Officers

(1) In every factory :-

Where 1000 or more workers are employed and the operation carried out which involves risk, injury, poisoning or disease the occupier shall employ safety officer.

(2)The duties, qualifications and conditions of service of Safety Officers shall be such as may be prescribed by the State government. 40

Sub part of safety

Provisions relating hazardous processes

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Contents1. Constitution of Site Appraisal Committees

2. Compulsory disclosure of information by the occupier

3. Power of Central Governments to appoint Inquiry Committee

4. Emergency standards  

5. Permissible limits of exposure of chemical and toxic substances

6. Worker's participation in safety management.   42

Constitution of Site Appraisal Committees

Applications for grant of permission for the location of a factory involving a hazardous process, a Site Appraisal Committee is appointed.

The Site Appraisal Committee shall have power to call for any information from the person making an application for the establishment or expansion of a factory involving a hazardous process.

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The Site Appraisal Committee shall examine an application for the establishment of a factory involving hazardous process.

Any process relates to controlled by the Central Government or to a corporation or a company.

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Compulsory disclosure of information by the occupier

Registering the factory involving a hazardous process lay down a detailed policy with respect to the health and safety of the workers.

Every factory involving a hazardous process shall expose in the manner prescribing all information regarding dangers, including health hazards. 45

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Factory engaged in a hazardous process on the beginning of the Factories Act, 1987 within a period of thirty days of such commencement, every occupier of a factory shall inform the Chief Inspector, the nature and details of the process in such a form and in such a manner as may be prescribed.

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Power of Central Governments to appoint Inquiry Committee

The Central Government may ,in the event of the occurrence involving a factory engaged in a hazardous process , appoint an Inquiry Committee to inquire into the standards of health and safety observed in the factory.

The recommendation of the Committee shall be advisory in nature.

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Emergency standards

Where the Central Government is satisfied that no standards of safety have been prescribed in respect of a hazardous process or class of hazardous processes, it may direct the Director-General of Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes.

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Permissible limits of exposure of chemical and toxic substances

The maximum permissible threshold limits of exposure of chemical and toxic substances in manufacturing processes (whether hazardous or otherwise)in any factory shall be indicated in Schedule.

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Workers participation in safety management

In every factory where a hazardous substances are used or handled, a Safety Committee consisting of equal number of representatives of workers and management to promote cooperation between the workers and the management in maintaining safety and health.

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Good Practices for

FOOD SAFETY

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For estimation of safety aspects, the following steps are : -

(1) Source of hazard

(2) Type of hazard

(3) Control procedure

(4) Contingency plan 52

Sources of Hazard

Handling of inflammable and combustible raw materials

Handling of compressed gases. Handling and processing of toxic substance Handling of corrosive substances Handling of oxidising substances Handling of dust-producing equipment and also dust Handling of boiler 53

Types of Hazards

Electrical shock Injury and death FireChemical burn Infection Intoxication

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Control Procedure In FMCG industry the manufacturing control

procedures are prescribed as per the provision of FOOD SAFETY,OHSAS,HACCP etc.

The provisions of Good Manufacturing practices and Good Laboratory Practices are adopted total aspects of the factory i.e. building, plant set-up, personnel, Quality assurance, manufacturing control procedures, documentation etc. which certainly provide safe work environment.

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For ensuring total safe work environment and to prevent accident, the under mentioned control procedures may be adopted.

(a) Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

(b) Monitoring

(c) Safety Audit

(d) Risk Analysis

(e) Preventive Maintenance56

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(a)Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) :- In the FMCG industry SOP is prepared in more elaborate manner for manufacture of each SKU.

The SOP complete in all respects, ensures total safety in FMCG industry.

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(b)Monitoring:- It is essential to monitor each & every operation for getting success. Hence all the processes & safety aspects must be monitored.

(c)Safety Audit:- Audit is an essential step to check the application of systems in true manner. Hence safety audit is to be done at regular interval so as to ensure the following-up of SOP with parameters, critical points, safety aspects and all steps for prevention of accidents.

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(d)Risk Analysis:- Analysis in systemic manner by considering all aspects covering men, machine, processing, activities, building and all events including hazard due to human error or failure of any of the operation or tool.

(e)Preventive maintenance:- Several accidents are avoidable by taking precautions and timely maintenance of machineries, building, pipelines etc. So effective maintenance programme will certainly eliminate accident.

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Contingency Plan

Each industry has to formulate an on-site "Emergency Management Plan“.

It should contain in detail the problem, rapid control, action to prevent from further growth, and all control procedures.

Five essential step for ensuring accident free as well as safe environment:

1.source of possible hazards 4.preventive measures

2.risk analysis 5.contingency plan

3.control procedures And also documentation.

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Welfare 

Contents

1. Washing facilities

2. Facilities for storing and drying clothing

3. Facilities for sitting 

4. First-aid appliances

5. Canteens

6. Shelters, rest-rooms and lunch-rooms

7. Welfare Officers

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Washing facilities

(1) In every factory ,

Adequate and suitable facilities for washing shall be provided and maintained for use of the workers.

Separate and adequately facilities shall be provided for the use of male and female workers;

Such facilities shall be kept clean.

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(2) The State Government, in respect of any factory or

class or description of factories or any

manufacturing process, prescribe standards of

adequate and suitable facilities for washing.

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Facilities for storing and drying clothing

The State Government may, in respect of any factories or class or description  of  factories, make rules requiring suitable  places  for keeping

clothing / Changing Room and the  drying  of  wet  clothing.

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Facilities for Sitting

In every factory, suitable arrangements for sitting shall be provided and maintained for all workers grateful to work in a standing position, in order that they may take advantage of any opportunities for rest .

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First-Aid Appliances

(1)In every factory to be provided and maintained first-aid boxes or cupboards equipped with the prescribed contents, and the number of such boxes or cupboards to be provided and maintained.

(2) Each first-aid box or cupboard shall be kept in the charge of a separate responsible person and who shall always be readily available during the working hours of the factory.

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Canteens

(1) The State Government may make rules requiring that in factory where more than two hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily employed, a canteen or canteens shall be provided and maintained by the occupier for the use of the workers.

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(2)Without justice in the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for ,

The standards in respect of construction, accommodation, furniture and other equipment of the canteen;

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Shelters, Rest-Rooms and Lunch-Rooms

(1) In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily employed adequate and suitable shelters or rest-rooms and a suitable lunch- room, with provision for drinking water, where workers can eat meals brought by them, shall be provided and maintained for the use of the workers .

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(2) The Shelters or rest-room or lunch-rooms shall be

ventilated and shall be maintained in a cool and

clean condition.

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Welfare Officers

(1) In every factory wherein five hundred or more workers are employed, such number of welfare officers as may be prescribed.

(2) The Government may prescribe the duties, qualifications and conditions of service of officers employed under sub-section.

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Prevention of disease/injury

Promotion of good health and

safety

Improvement of safety and

health

HEALTHY, SAFE, COMFORTABLE PRODUCTIVIT

Y

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THANK YOU

BEST OF LUCK