Industrial Application of Computers

8/6/2019 Industrial Application of Computers

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Industrial Applications of

Computers

Computer Aided Manufacturing

(CAM)Computer Numerical Control

(CNC)


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CAM/DNC/CNCCAM/DNC/CNC Definitions:

CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing. A computer-

controlled manufacturing process. A system usinga computer to control a process. Systems range

from three-axis NC mills to full factory automation

DNC: Direct Numerical Control

CNC: Computer Numerical Control. The use of adedicated computer as a control system for an NC

machine


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CAD/CAM integrationCAD/CAM integration The CAD model data generated during the design

process can be utilized further by the Computer Aided

Manufacturing process. A good CAD/CAM systemeliminates the need to manually calculate tangencies

or to do the trigonometry required to calculate tool

paths, saving valuable programming time. It also

provides a consistent finish and predictable results.

http://www.engineeringzones.com/cam_nc.htm


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How to integrate CAD/CAM (1)


CAD Program CAM Program CNC ProgramDXF File NC File

Computer Aided

Design

Geometry of part

is created (3D or2D; surface or

solid)

Computer Aided

Manufacturing

Program the part

with G/M-codes

Computer

Numerical

Control

Produce the part

Milling

Lathe

Electric Discharge


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CAM



Plan

Process

Create CAD

Drawing

Select a layer

Convert drawingto DXF

Load DXF

file

Select a milling

operation

Generate toolpath

Enter cuttingParameters

Start

Select another

layer?

Save NC File

List NC file

(Optional)

Verify NC

Program

Mill Part

End

CNC

Planning

CAD


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Machining OperationsMachining OperationsMilling

Turning

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)


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CNC Machining CentersCNC Machining Centers


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CNC LatheCNC Lathe

http://customer.manufacture.com.tw/~likon/lnc.htm


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CNC LatheCNC Lathe

http://www.gildemeister.com/gb/dreh.asp?ID=9

Price: from 215,610 Euro

Driven tools for complex drilling and milling operations as well as acomplete counter spindle for machining the work pieces counter

sides.


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Application Examples (Turning)Application Examples (Turning)

http://www.gildemeister.com/gb/3_3_2_22.htm


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EDMEDM The generic term EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining) can be

applied to any machining process that uses an electrode to

remove metal, or any other conductive material, from a work

piece by generating sparks between conducting surfaces. This is being performed in a dielectric fluid to prevent premature

spark discharge.

Wire EDM uses a traveling wire electrode that passes through

the work piece, the wire is, at all times, monitored by the

machines internal computer system. This process can be seenas a very high precision band saw that can hold tolerances of +/-

.0002.

http://mercatech.com/


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Distinction

Absolute/Incremental

Distinction

Absolute/IncrementalAbsolute measuring

one absolute coordinate

system using (XYZ) location

P (-1/1); Q (2/-1)

Incremental measuring

from point to point

3 left and 2 up

x= -3 / y= 2

P

Q


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Variables in Machining Process


Cutting tools: type, size, and tool material lead

to different feed rates and spindle speeds

Materials: lead to different feed rates andspindle speeds


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Work

MaterialCutting Speeds in SFPM

End Mills Fly cutters Drills Reamers

HSS Carbide HSS Carbide HSS Carbide HSS Carbide

Aluminum 150 300 600 1200 125 250 60 120

Cast iron

Soft

Hard

90

50

180

100

450

400

900

800

90

70

180

140

40

35

80

70

Stainless

Steel

60 120 400 800 70 140 35 70


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Milling Tools and Tool InsertsMilling Tools and Tool Inserts


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NC Programming Codes (G/M)

- A Selection-

NC Programming Codes (G/M)

- A Selection- M-Codes (Miscellaneous

Codes)

M00 Pause

M02 End of Program

M03 Spindle Motor on

M05 Spindle Motor off

M06 Tool Change

G-Codes

G00 Rapid traverse

positioning

G01 Feedrate Movement

Linear


Circular clockwise


Circular counterclockwise

G90 Absolute Coordinates

G91 Incremental Coordinates


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Milling OperationsMilling Operations Most of the following operations have special G-codes:

Facing: removes material across the top surface

Contouring: removes material to a specified depth along a CAD

geometry

Drilling: uses points identified on a CAD layer to drill holes to a

specified depth

Pocketing: removes all material within the outline of a CAD

geometry

Surface ofRevolution: removes all material within a surface

generated by revolving geometry about the X or Y axis


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Leading CAM SoftwareLeading CAM Software Mastercam: http://www.mastercam.com/mainFrame4.htm

Unigraphics:

http://www.ugsolutions.com/products/unigraphics/ SmartCAM:

http://www.sdrc.com/support/smartcam/support.shtml

EZ-CAM: http://ezcam.com/support.htm

Other Links:http://msnhomepages.talkcity.com/CerfSt/cadcamworld/navig

.htm

Pro Engineer (http://www.ptc.com/)

Industrial Application of Computers

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