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The Industrial and Agricultural Revolution
Agricultural Revolution
Robert Bakewell
Jethro Tull
Enclosures
Crop rotation
How did industrialism take place in England?
Industrialization
• Requires natural resources1. Water & Coal2. Iron & ore3. Rivers4. Harbors
Early Canals
Coalfields & Industrial Areas
Stability of England
Bank loan program
Factors of production
– Land, labor, capital
Industrial Revolution
How and why did industrialism take place in
England?(Use Smart Notebook)
Textiles
Inventions in textiles
• John Kay– flying shuttle
• James Hargreaves– spinning jenny
• Samuel Crompton– spinning mule
Inventions in textiles
Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin
1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers
1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers
1850 224, 000 looms >1 million workers
Textile FactoryWorkers in England
Other inventions
Roads
John McAdams
Road
River
• James Watt• Matthew Boulton
River
• Robert Fulton
Rail
Richard Trevithick
time
Parts of a Steam Engine
Child Labor
Child Labor
Child “hurriers”
Child Labor in the Mines
Child LaborAge of workers in cotton
mills in Lancashire in 1833
Age Males Females
under 11 246 155
11 - 16 1,169 1,123
17 - 21 736 1,240
22 - 26 612 780
27 - 31 355 295
32 - 36 215 100
37 - 41 168 81
42 - 46 98 38
47 - 51 88 23
52 - 56 41 4
57 - 61 28 3
Child Labor
Age
Average
height of
males in
Factories
Age
Average
height of
females in
Factories
9 3ft. 11in. 9 4ft.
0in.
10 4ft. 2in. 10 4ft.
1in.
11 4ft. 2in. 11 4ft.
2in.
12 4ft. 4in. 12 4ft.
4in.
13 4ft. 6in. 13 4ft.
7in.
14 4ft. 8in. 14 4ft.
9in.
15 4ft. 10in. 15 4ft.
10in.
16 5ft. 0in. 16 4ft.
11in.
ScavengersFrances Trollope, wrote about this work in her novel, Michael Armstrong: Factory Boy (1840): "A little girl about seven years old, who job as scavenger, was to collect incessantly from the factory floor, the flying fragments of cotton that might impede the work... while the hissing machinery passed over her, and when this is skillfully done, and the head, body, and the outstretched limbs carefully glued to the floor, the steady moving, but threatening mass, may pass and repass over the dizzy head and trembling body without touching it. But accidents frequently occur; and many are the flaxen locks, rudely torn from infant heads, in the process."
Factory AccidentsJohn Brown, A Memoir of Robert Blincoe (1828) A girl named Mary Richards, who was thought remarkably handsome when she left the workhouse, and, who was not quite ten years of age, attended a drawing frame, below which, and about a foot from the floor, was a horizontal shaft, by which the frames above were turned. It happened one evening, when her apron was caught by the shaft. In an instant the poor girl was drawn by an irresistible force and dashed on the floor. She uttered the most heart-rending shrieks! Blincoe ran towards her, an agonized and helpless beholder of a scene of horror. He saw her whirled round and round with the shaft - he heard the bones of her arms, legs, thighs, etc. successively snap asunder, crushed, seemingly, to atoms, as the machinery whirled her round, and drew tighter and tighter her body within the works, her blood was scattered over the frame and streamed upon the floor, her head appeared dashed to pieces - at last, her mangled body was jammed in so fast, between the shafts and the floor, that the water being low and the wheels off the gear, it stopped the main shaft. When she was extricated, every bone was found broken - her head dreadfully crushed. She was carried off quite lifeless.
Child Labor
• John Allett reported: "I have known more accidents at the beginning of the day than at the later part. I was an eye-witness of one. A child was working wool, that is, to prepare the wool for the machine; but the strap caught him, as he was hardly awake, and it carried him into the machinery; and we found one limb in one place, one in another, and he was cut to bits; his whole body went in, and was mangled." In 1842 a German visitor noted that he had seen so many people in the streets of Manchester without arms and legs that it was like "living in the midst of the army just returned from a campaign."
Legacy of the Industrial Revolution
Crystal Palace:British Ingenuity on
Display
The Growth of Cities
The Legacy of the Industrial Revolution
The Legacy of the Industrial Revolution
“Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life
“Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life
What were the social economic effects of the Industrial Revolution?
Use Smart notebook
The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
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