INDRASHIL UNIVERSITY (Established by an Act under the Gujarat Private Universities Act, 2009) A Life Sciences University Sustained Excellence with Relevance 1 INDRASHIL UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY (CHE) PROGRAM STRUCTURE M. Sc. (Chemistry) 2019-2021
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INDRASHIL UNIVERSITYsymmetry elements and optical isomerism, symmetry point groups, classes of symmetry operations, classification of molecular point groups. Representations of groups.
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Unit 1:DifferentialCalculusFunctionsof severalvariables, continuity anddifferentiability, rulesofdifferentiation,applicationsofdifferentialcalculusincludingmaximaandminima,exactandnon-exactdifferentials,Applicationofintegralcalculus,Coordinatestransformation(e.g.Cartesiantosphericalpolar,cylindrical)Unit 2:VectorsandMatrixAlgebraGradient, divergence and Vector calculus, Green’s theorem, Matrix equations:homogeneous, non-homogeneous linear equations and conditions for the solution,Lineardependenceandindependence,Eigenvalues,EigenvectorsUnit 3:OrdinaryDifferentialEquationsVariablesseparationmethod,Homogeneouslineardifferentialequation,andexactfirstorder differential equations, solutions of differential equations by the power seriesmethod, second and higher order homogeneous differential equations and theirsolutions, Complementary function, Particular integral by variation of parameter andmethod of undetermined coefficient, ODE with variable coefficient: Cauchy-Eulerequation,Legendre’sequation
Text Books:1.BhupendraSingh,“MathematicsforChemist”,15thedition,PragatiPrakashan,2015.
Unit 1:StructureandReactivityChemicalbonding,delocalization,resonance,hyderconjugation,tautomerism,inductiveeffect,bondsotherthancovalentlikeionic,hydrogenbonds.Types of reactions, mechanisms, thermodynamic and kinetic requirements, Hammettequation, Hammond’s postulate, Curtin-Hammett principle, Potential energy diagram,transition state & intermediate, methods of determining mechanism, isotope effects,solventeffects,substituenteffects,Hardandsoftacidsandbases,Fateofstructureonreactivity,resonanceandfieldeffects,stericeffects,quantitativetreatment.Generation,structure,stabilityandreactivityoforganicreactiveintermediates,suchascarocations,carbanions,freeradicals,carbenesandnitrenes.Retrosynthesis: Introduction, synthons and synthetic equivalents, functional groupinter-conversion,Synthesisofamines,region-specific,chemo-specificandstereospecificreactions, umpolung methods. Principles and applications of protective groups inprotection of hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl groups, synthetic strategies forcycliccompounds.Unit2: OrganicReactionMechanismAliphatic nucleophilic substitution, SN1, SN2, SNi and mixed mechanism, theneighbouring group participation, anchimeric assistance. Classical andnonclassicalcarbocations, and detection by NMR spectroscopy. Reactivity effects ofsubstrate structure, attachingnucleophile, leaving group and reactionmedium, phasetransfer catalysis, ambidentnucleophilicity. Nucleophilic substitution at an allylic,aliphatictrigonalandvinyliccarbon.Aromaticnucleophilicsubstitutionreactions,SNAr,SN1,benzyneandSRN1mechanisms,Reactivity– effectofsubstratestructure,leavinggroupandattackingnucleophile.Aromaticelectrophilicsubstitutionreactions,areniumionmechanism,orientationandreactivity,energyprofilediagram,theortho/pararatio,ipsoattack,orientationinotherringsystems,andreactionsthereof.Unit 3: StereoChemistryStereochemistry:Basic principles,elementsofsymmetry,chirality,moleculeswithmorethanonechiralcentre,enantiomers,diastereomers,threoanderythroisomers,groupsand faces, absolute configurations at carbon (R, S, E and Z). Stereospecific andstereoselectivereactions. Prochiralrelationship,opticalactivity inbiphenyls,spiranes,allenesandhelicalstructures.Stereochemistry of compounds containing Nitrogen, Sulphur andPhosphorous.Conformationandreactivityinacycliccompounds.
Unit1: PrinciplesofInorganicChemistryVSEPR theory - Coordination polyhedra - Enumeration of geometrical and opticalisomersTheory of Acids and Bases: Bronsted and lewis acids and bases, gas phase versussolutionacidity- solvent levellingeffects,Hardnessandsoftness- Surfaceacidity.OxidationandReduction: Useof redoxpotentialdata - Nernstequation - Influenceofcomplexformation,precipitation,changeofpHandconcentrationonredoxpotentials-Analysis of redox cycles - Redox stability in water -Disproportionation/Comproportionation- Frost,LatimerandPourbaixdiagramsUnit2: StructureSymmetry and Group Theory: Definitions and theorems of group theory, subgroups,Classes Molecular symmetry and symmetry groups – symmetry elements andoperations. Symmetry planes, reflections, inversion centre, proper/ improper axes ofrotation,productsofsymmetryoperations, equivalentsymmetryelementsandatoms,symmetryelementsandopticalisomerism,symmetrypointgroups,classesofsymmetryoperations, classification ofmolecular point groups. Representations of groups. Greatorthogonality theorem, character tables, properties of characters of representations.(Nomathematicalpart.)Grouptheoryandquantummechanics,wavefunctionasbasisforirreduciblerepresentations.Unit3: ReactivityInorganicReactionMechanisms: Substitutionreactions- Dissociativeandassociativeinterchange- trans-effect- Linearfreeenergyrelations- Rearrangements- Berrypseudorotation- Electrontransferreactions- Photo-dissociation,-substitutionand-redoxreactions,Fluxionalmolecules.
ReferenceBooks:1. P. Atkins, T. Overton, J. Rourke, M. Weller, F. Armstrong: Shriver and Atkins'
Inorganic Chemistry, Fifth Ed., 2009, OUP or D. F. Shriver and P. W. Atkins,‘’InorganicChemistry’’,3rdEd,OUP,1999.
2. C. Housecroft, A. G. Sharpe, ‘’Inorganic Chemistry’’, 3rd Ed., (or 4th Ed. in 2012)PrenticeHall/Pearson,2008.
Unit 1:StatisticalThermodynamicsLimitations of classical thermodynamics. Introduction to the terms like ensemble,population, equipartition of energy, degeneracy. Boltzmann's distribution law,Evaluationofβ, partitionfunction, Distinguishableandindistinguishableparticles,molar partition function, Electronic, Translational, Rotational and Vibrationalpartitionfunctions.Sackur-Tetrodeequation.DerivationofFermi-DiracstatisticsandBose-Einsteinstatisticsdistributionlawandtheirapplication. Applicationsofstatisticalthermodynamics- Heat capacity behaviour of solid and calculation of equilibriumconstant.Unit 2:ChemicalKineticsComplex Reactions: Reactions approaching equilibrium, steady state approximation,Rate laws for consecutive, opposing andparallel reactions, explosive reactions. Chainreactions(formationanddecompositionofHBr,HI,phosgene,thermaldecompositionofN2O5 and C2H10, oxidation ofmethane). Comparison between gas phase and solutionreactions, factors determining rates in solution. Reaction between ions, reactionsinvolvingdipoles,reactionsinsolution.Fastreactions:Relaxation,stopflowandflashphotolysis.Kineticsofenzymereactions,Harpoonmechanism(MolecularBeammethod).Activated complex theory: Reaction coordinate and the transition state, potentialenergy surface, concentration of activated complex and rate constant, experimentalobservationof activatedcomplex.Theoriesofuni-molecularreactions:Lindemann,Hinshelwood,RRKandRRKM
Unit 1:Amino-acids,PeptidesandProteinsClassification, structure and properties of amino acids and proteins, Synthesis ofprotein:reactiveestermethodandMerrifieldsynthesis.Primary and Secondary structure of proteins, forces responsible for holding ofsecondary structures. α-helix, β-sheets, superb secondary structures, triple helixstructureofcollagen.Tertiary structure of protein-folding and domain structure, Quaternary structure.Sequence determination; chemical/enzymatic/mass spectral, racemization/detection.Chemistryofoxytosin andtryptophanreleasinghormone(TRH).Unit2:LipidsClassification,Fattyacids,essentialfattyacids,structureandfunctionoftriacylglycerols,glycerol phospholipids, sphingo lipids, cholesterol, bile acids, prostaglandinseicosanoids,leukotriene.Lipoproteins-compositionandfunction,roleinatherosclerosis.Propertiesoflipidaggregates-micelles,bilayers,liposomesandtheirpossiblebiologicalfunction.Biologicalmembranes.Fluidmosaicmodelofmembranestructure.Unit3:CarbohydratesClassification,Conformationofmonosaccharides,structuresandfunctionsofimportantderivatives of monosaccharides like glycosides, deoxy sugars, myoinositol, aminosugars. N-acetylmuramicacidsialicacid,disaccharidesandpolysaccharides. Structuralpolysaccharides-celluloseandchitin.Storage polysaccharides-starch and glycogen. Structure and biological function ofglucosaminoglycansor mucopolysaccharides.Carbohydratesofglycoproteinsandglycolipids. Roleofsugarsinbiologicalrecognition,bloodgroupsubstances.Unit 4:NucleicAcidsPurineandpyrimidinebasesofnucleicacids,basepairingviaH-bonding.Structureofribonucleicacids(RNA)anddeoxyribonucleicacids(DNA),doublehelixmodelofDNAandforcesresponsibleforholdingit.Chemicalandenzymatichydrolysisofnucleicacids.Chemicalsynthesisofmonoandtrinucleoside.The chemical basis for heredity, an overview of replication of DNA, transcription,translationandgeneticcode.
TextBooks:1. Satyanarayana U, ChakrapaniU.,2014, Essentials of Biochemistry, Elsevier Health
Sciences.2. Robert K. Murray, Victor W. Rodwell, David Bender, Kathleen M. Botham, P.
Anthony Weil, Peter J. Kennelly, 2009,Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 28thEdition,McGrawHillProfessional.
Unit 1:QualitativeAnalysisSeparation, Purification, drying of organic solvents and identification of threecomponentsmixtureofThreeorganiccompounds(threesolidsor two liquidsandonesolidortwosolidsandoneliquid)usingTLCforcheckingpurity,Separatingtechniques,IntroductionofIR,PMRandMassSpectraldata.Unit 2:PurificationTechniquesTLC,Rfvalues,ColumnChromatography,Distillation,VacuumDistillation,SteamDistillation.Unit 3:MultistepOrganicSynthesis1. Preparationofm-dinitrobenzene.2. PreparationofTribromoaniline.3. PreparationofBenzanilide4. Methylorangepreparation.5. Preparationof 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone.6. PreparationofDibezalacetone
SuggestedBooks:1. Vogel'stextbookofpracticalorganicchemistry– ArthurIsraelVogel,B.S.Furniss2. Practical Organic Chemistry - Frederick George Mann and Bernard Charles
Unit 1:QuantitativeAnalysisStatistical analysis of data sampling methods. Redox titrations (permanganometry,dichromatometry, iodometry). Complexometric titrations using EDTA (estimation ofsomemetalions,hardnessofwater).Quantitativeseparationofmetalionsfromabinarymixture(e.g.Cu2+/Fe3+). Gravimetricanalysis(e.g.estimationofNi2+).Analysisoforesandminerals(e.g.Ironore,Potassiumalum).Ionexchangeseparationofmetalions(e.g.Zn2+/Mg2+).Unit2:SynthesisSynthesisofavarietyofInorganicCompounds/Complexesof3dmetalions,maingroupelementsandrareearthsbyusingcommonexperimentaltechniques.Unit3:InstrumentalMethodsIntroductiontovariousphysicalmeasurements(IR,UV-vis,mass,NMR,magneticsusceptibility,EPRandX-raydiffraction)forcharacterizationofthecompounds.Analysisandinterpretationofthephysicaldataofthecompoundstodeterminetheirstructures.
Unit 1: BioInorganicChemistryEssential and tracemetals, Na+/ K+ pump, Role ofmetal ions in biological processes,DNA Polymerization, Glucose Storage, metal complexes in transmission of energyChlorophylls,PhotosystemIandPhotosystemIIincleavageofwater.Model systems, Heme proteins and Oxygen uptake, spectrum and function ofhemoglobin,myoglobin,hemocyanins,andhemeerythrin,modelsyntheticcomplexesofIron,CobaltandCopper.Structure and functionofmetalloproteins in electron transport process cytochromesand ionsulphurproteins. Syntheticmodels,BiologicalnitrogenFixation,Molybdenumnitrogenase,Spectroscopicandotherevidences.Unit 2: BioOrganicChemistryBasic considerations, Proximity effects and molecular adaptation, Introduction andhistorical perspective, chemical and biological analysis, remarkable properties ofenzymes like catalytic power, specificity and regulation. Nomenclature andclassification, extraction and purification, Fisher’s Lock and key theory, induced fittheory.Hypothesis,Conceptandidentificationofactivessiteusinginhibitors,affinity labellingand enzyme modification by site directed mutagenesis. Enzyme kinetics, Michaelis-Mentenandlineweaver,Burkplots,reversibleandirreversibleinhibition.
SuggestedBooks:1. Principlesof BiochemistryA.L.Lehninger,Worthpublishers.2. BiochemistrybyL.Stryer,W.H.Freeman.3. BiochemistrybyVoetandVoet,Wiley.4. BiochemistrybyJ.DavidandRawn,NeilPatterson.5. OutlinesofBiochemistry,E.E.ConnandP.K.Stumpf,JohnWiley.6. UnderstandingEnzymesbyTrevorpalmer,PrenticeHall.7. Enzyme chemistry: Impact and applicationsEd. Collins, J. Suckling, Chapman and
CH4205Applications ofSpectroscopy I (L-T-P-C:3-0-0-3)
Unit1: Vibrational,UVandIRSpectroscopyVibrational Spectroscopy Rotational and vibrational spectra. Moment of inertia androtational spectra of rigid and non rigid diatomic molecules. Vibrational excitationeffect.Rotationalspectraofsymmetric - topmolecules. Strakeffect. Vibrationalenergyof diatomic molecules.Anharmonic oscillator, overtones and hot bands. Diatomicvibrator rotator (P, Q and R branches of diatomic vibrator rotator). Rotationalvibrationalspectraofsymmetrictopmolecules.UVSpectroscopyOriginofelectronicspectra,Lambert-Beer’sabsorptionlaw,Typesofelectronic transitions. Effect of solvent, substituent, conjugation on electronictransitions.Benzene and its substituted derivatives. Applications of UV visiblespectroscopy in analysis (qualitative/quantitative) of polyenes/aromatic (hetero &homo) systems, geometrical isomers, keto-enoltautomers, components of a mixture,ionization constants of acids and bases. Woodward-Fieser rules for calculatingabsorptionmaximumindienes,trienesandα,β-unsaturatedcarbonylcompounds.R Spectroscopy Vibrational energy of a diatomic molecule-and harmonic oscillator,Selection rules- Overtones-hotbands.Zero-pointenergy-Calculationof force.Constantof diatomic molecules. Rotational –Vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules- P,Q,Rbranches. Instrumentation sources sampling techniques. Characteristic vibrationalfrequencies of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromaticcompounds,alcohols, ethers, phenolsand amines. Detailed study of vibrational frequencies of carbonyl compounds (ketones,aldehydes, esters, amides, acids, anhydrides, lactones, lactamsand
Rofgaseous,solids and polymericmaterials.Unit 2:RamanandMossbauerSpectroscopyRamanspectroscopy QuantumtheoryofRamaneffect,ClassicaltheoryofRamaneffect,PurerotationalRamanspectra,Ramanactivityofvibrations,VibrationalRamanspectra,polarization of light and Raman effect, applications., Mutual exclusion principle andRamanspectraofHg22+,NO3-,ClO3-,N2O,CO2 andCH4.Mossbauer Spectroscopy Basic principles, spectral parameters and spectrum display.Application of the technique to the studies of (1) bonding and structures of Fe+2andFe+3compounds including those of intermediate spin, (2) Sn+2 and Sn+4compounds-nature ofM-L bond, coordination number, structure and detection of oxidation stateandinequivalentMBatoms.Unit 3:Chromatography,GCandHPLCtechniquesChromatographic and Electrophoretic methods of separation, Principles andapplications of Paper, Thin layer & HPTLC, Gas, Gas-liquid, Liquid chromatography,HPLCandFPLC;Paperandgelelectrophoresis.
8. Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy, R.J. Abraham, J. Fisher and P. Loftus, Wiley.9.10. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, D.H. Williams, I. Fleming, Tata
Unit 1: FreeRadicals,PhotochemistryandPericyclicReactionsFormation, stability and detection of short and long lived free radicals, homolysis,additionandrearrangementsandcyclizationoffreeradicalsandtheirapplications.Basicsofphotochemicalreactions,photochemistryofolefins,carbonylcompoundsandaromatic compounds (Isomerization,NorrishType I and II, photoreduction, Patterno-Buchireaction, cycloaddition, rearrangement and aromatic substitution reactions.Bartonreaction,reactionsofsingletoxygen. Applicationsofphotochemicalreactionsinorganicsynthesisandnaturalproductsynthesis.Orbitals, molecular orbital symmetry, molecular orbital of ethylene, 1,3-butadiene,1,3,5–hexatriene and allyl systems, concerted reactions, classification of pericyclicreactions,derivationofselectionrulesthroughconstructionofcorrelationdiagramsforcycloaddition reactions and for electrocyclic reactionswith 4n and 4n+2π electrons,conrotatory and disrotatory motions for electrocyclic ring opening and ring closure.FMOapproach forderivationofWoodward-Hoffmanselection rules forcyclo additionand electrocyclic reactions, suprafacial and antarafacialcyclo additions. Secondaryeffects and stereochemistry of cyclo additions; 2s+2a cyclo addition of ketenes. TheCopeandtheClaisen rearrangements, theenereaction.Unit2: OrganicSynthesisTransitional metals complexes in organic synthesis and Boron, Si, Sn Chemistry,Transition metal complexes in organic synthesis-Introduction-oxidation states oftransitionmetals, 16-18 rule, dissociation, association, insertion, oxidative addition,reductive eliminationof transition metalOrganopalladium in organic synthesis- Heckarylation,allylicactivation,carbonylation,wackeroxidation,isomarizationformationN-arylandN-alkylbondtransmetalation,allyldeprotectioninpeptides,couplingreactions:Stillecoupling,SonogashiraandSuzukicouplingreactionsandtheirimportanceReactionsIroncarbonyls,ferrocenes,Fe-cyclopentadienecomplex,protectionofdienes,Isomerization.Wilkinson, Noyori, Knowls catalyst of Ruthenium and Rhodium –synthesis and uses its use inhydrogenation reactions-deallylation, C-C, C-O, C-N bondcleavages, Synthesis and uses of organosilane and organo tin compounds, OlefinmetathesisbyIst,andIIndgenerationcatalyst,reactionmechanismandapplicationinthesynthesisofhomoandheterocycliccompoundsUnit 3:AssymetricsynthesisRecapitulationofStereochemicalconcepts- enantiomers,diastereomers,homotopicandheterotopic ligands, stereoselective and stereospecific reactions, prochirality, Chemo-,regio-,diastereo- and enantio-controlled approaches; Chirality transfer, Asymmetricinductions; Chiralpools, Chiral auxiliaries, chiral reagents and catalysts, andtemplates;Asymmetricallylation, Asymmetriccycloaddition reactions. Stereoselectiveadditionofnucleophilestocarbonylgroup:Re-Sifaceconcepts,Cram’srule, FelkinAnhrule,Houkmodel,Cram’schelatemodel.Asymmetricsynthesisuseofchiral auxiliaries,asymmetrichydrogenation,asymmetricepoxidationandasymmetricdihydroxylation.
Unit1:CatalysisIHeterogeneous catalysis: Kinetics and Mechanism of surface reactions. Surfaceheterogeneity, activity and selectivity, deactivation and regeneration. Theories ofpromotion and poisoning of catalysts. Catalyst Synthesis: supports and supportedcatalysts. Zeolites and zeolite-likematerials, precipitation and impregnationmethods.Characterization of catalysts: Surface area, pore size distribution (mercuryporosimetry) Thermal methods (DTA, TG, TPD and TPR), Surface acidity,Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, AES, XRF),LEED, Mossbauer spectroscopy, IR,SIMS,ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy(STM),AtomicForce Microscopy(AFM).Unit2:CatalysisIITheoriesofcatalysisbymetals,semiconductorsandsupportedcatalysts.Geometricandelectronicfactors. Important applications ofheterogeneouscatalysis in petroleum,petrochemicals and fine chemicals, catalysis in pollution control. Homogeneouscatalysis: Reactions involving carbocations, transition metal complexes as catalysts,OlefinhydrogenationwithWilkinson’scatalystandmethanolcarbonylation.Importantindustrialapplications.Unit3:SolidStateChemistryCrystallography- Recapitulation, diffraction properties of crystals. symmetryelements, space groups. Ionic crystals. Determination of crystal structure.Imperfection in crystals- point defects (Thermodynamic treatment) and line defects.Crystalgrowth,Crystalengineeringandpolymorphism.Electronicpropertiesandbandtheory-Metal,insulatorsandsemiconductors,electronicstructure of solid- band theory, band structure of metals, insulators andsemiconductors. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Optical properties andmagneticproperties.
Unit 1:NMRSpectroscopySecond order effects, examples of AB, AX and ABX systems, simplification of secondorderspectrum,selectivedecoupling,useofchemicalshiftreagentsforstereochemicalassignments. 13C NMR, introduction to FT technique, relaxation phenomena, NOEeffects,1Hand13Cchemicalshiftstostructurecorrelations.Editingtechniques:INEPTandDEPTmethodsStudyofdynamicprocessesbyVTNMR,restrictedrotation (DMF,DMA, biphenyls, annulenes), cyclohexane ring inversion, degenerate rearrangements(bullvaleneand related systems).2DNMRspectroscopy,COSY,HMBC,HMQC,NOESY.Time scale- Multinuclear andOrganometallicNMR spectroscopy -Morecommonspin-1/2nuclei,19F,31P,withfewexamples.Unit 2:ORDandCD,PolarimetryBasic concepts of optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and circular dichroism (CD),Deductionofabsoluteconfiguration–Cottoneffect–Octantruleforketones.ApplicationsofORDandCDspectroscopy.Unit 3:ProblemSolvingExamplesofstructureelucidationusingUV,IR,NMRandMasstechniques.Handsontrainingwithexperimentsonabovetechniques
and T.C. Morrill, John Wiley.3. Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy, R.J. Abraham, J. Fisher and P. Loftus,Wiley.4.5. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, D.H. Williams, I. Fleming, Tata
Wiley&Sons,Ltd.3. PracticalOrganicChemistrybyMann&Saunders.4. Kemp,W(1994):OrganicSpectroscopy,3rdEd.,MacMillan5. Kalsi,P.S (2007): Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, 6th Edition, New age
internationalpublishers.6. Sharma Y.R (1992): Elementary Organic Spectroscopy – Principles and Chemical
Unit1:Terpenoidsand CarotenoidsClassification, nomenclature, occurrence, isolation, general methods of structuredetermination, isoprenerule. Structure determination, stereochemistry, biosynthesisand synthesis of the following representative molecules: Citral, Menthol, Santonin, andB-Carotene.Unit 2:AlkaloidsDefinition, nomenclature and physiological action, occurrence, isolation, generalmethods of structure elucidation, degradation, classification based on nitrogenheterocyclic ring, role of alkaloid sin plants. Structure, stereochemistry, synthesis andbiosynthesis of the following: Ephedrine,(+)-Nicotineand Morphine.
Occurrence, nomenclature, basic skeleton, Diel's hydrocarbon and stereochemistry.Isolation, structure determination and synthesis of Cholesterol, Bileacids, Estrone,.Biosynthesis of steroids.Unit 4:ProstaglandinsOccurrence, nomenclature, classification, biogenesis and physiological effects.Synthesis of PGE2 and PGF2a.
Unit1:DrugDesignDevelopment of new drugs, procedures followed in Drug design, Concepts of LeadcompoundandLeadmodification,ConceptsofProdrugsandSoftdrugs,Structureandactivityrelationship(SAR), factorseffectingthebioactivity,resonanceinductiveeffect,isosterism,Bio isosterism, spatial considerations.Theoriesofdrugactivity, occupancytheory, rate theory, induced fit theory, Quantitative structure activity relationship.HistoryanddevelopmentofQSAR,Conceptsofdrugreceptors,Elementarytreatment ofdrug receptor interaction. Physico chemical parameters, lipophilicity, partitioncoefficient,electronionizationconstants,steric,Sheltonandsurfaceactivityparametersand redox potentials. Free Wilson analysis, Hansch analysis, relationships betweenWilson and Hansch analysis. LD 50, ED-50 (Mathematical derivation of equationsexcluded).Introductiontoadsorption,disposition,eliminationusingpharmacokinetics,Important Pharmacokinetic parameters in defining drug disposition and intherapeutics, mention of uses of pharmacokinetics in drug development process.Introduction, elementary treatment of enzyme stimulation, enzyme inhibition,Sulphonamides, membrane active drugs, Drug metabolism, Xenobiotics,Biotranformation,Significanceofdrugmetabolisminmedicinalchemistry.Unit 2: AntineoPlasticAgents,CardioVascular,AntiInfectiveDrugs
mercaptopurine. Recent development in cancerchemotherapy. Hormone and natural products.CardiovascularDrugsandanti-infectivedrugs:
Local Antiinfective Drugs:
Unit 3:AntimalarialandAntituberculosisandAntiBioticDrugsAntimalarials:Modern chemotherapy ofmalaria, 4-amino and 8-amino quinolins, 9-amino acridine. Synthesis of mefloquines, chloroquine, primaquine and daraprimMode of action of antimalarial agents SAR of antimalarial agents Anti tuberculosis:Synthesisofonlythefollowingdrugs:Isoniazid(INH),Ethionamide,Ethambutol,DDS(Dapsone)Antibiotics:
SuggestedBooks:1.2. WilsonandGisvoldsTextbookofOrganicMedicinalandPharmaceuticalChemistry3. An Introduction to Drug Design, S.S. Pandeya and J.R. Dimmock, New Age
International.4. Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Vol-1(Chapter-9andCh14),Ed.
M.E. Wolff,JohnWiley.5.6. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, R.B. Silverman, Academic
Unit 1:Definition of supramolecular chemistry, Hydrogen bonding and nature ofsupramolecular interactions: ion-ion, ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, cation-π, anion-π, π-πandVanderWaalsinteractions.Unit 2:Receptors, host-guest interactions, lock and key analogy, pre-organization andcomplimentarity, binding of cationic, anionic, ion pair and neutral guest molecules,selectivity and solution behaviour of crown ethers, complexation of organic cations,siderophores,biologicalanionreceptors,cnticrownsandcoordinationinteractions.Unit3:Self-Assembly Self-assembly of molecules: Design, synthesis and properties of themolecules, self-assembling by H-bonding, metal-ligand interactions and other weakinteractions,metallomacrocycles,catenanes,rotaxanes,helicatesandknots,examplesofrecentdevelopmentsinsupramolecularchemistry.Unit4:CrystalengineeringCrystalengineering:roleofH-bonding,halogenbondingandotherweakinteractions,co-crystals,salts,polymorphsandtheirphysico-chemicalproperties,coordinationpolymers,metalorganicframeworksandtheirproperties.
Text Books:1. J.M.Lehn,SupramolecularChemistry-ConceptsandPerspectives,Wiley-VCH,1995.2. P.D.Beer,P.A.GaleandD.K.Smith,SupramolecularChemistry,OxfordUniversity
Unit1:PharmaceuticalAnalysisISources of impurities in pharmaceuticals (chemicals, raw materials, methods ofmanufacture, reagents,solvents,atmosphericandmicrobialcontaminants)andstorageeffects.Limittests,solubilitytests,disintegrationtests,stabilitystudies,impurityprofileofdrugs,Processanalyticaltechnology,qualityauditsetc. Validationofmanufacturingand analytical equipment, process validation in production of pharmaceuticals,developmentofnewanalytical/bioanalyticalmethodanditsvalidation.Unit2:PharmaceuticalAnalysis IIAssay of main classes of pharmaceuticals-with reference to Introduction-Type-Properties-MethodofAnalysisElectrochemical Methods: Potentiometry and conductometry. Flame photometry,Atomic absorption spectrophotometry, nuclearmagnetic resonance spectroscopy andmassspectrometrySpectroscopicMethods:Ultraviolet,visible,InfraredandRamanspectroscopyChromatographic Methods: Ion exchange, column, paper, thin layer, gas and highperformanceliquidchromatography.Assay of polymorphs in pharmaceutical Industry- introduction to polymorphs,methodsofidentificationandanalysisofpolymorphsusingNear-IR,Raman,XRPD,solid state NMR, DSC,TGA. Methods of analysis of common excipients /additives informulations. Determinationofactiveconstituentsinpresenceoftheseexcipients.
SuggestedBooks:1. PharmaceuticalAnalysis,T. HighchiandE.Brochmann,Hanssen Interscience.2. Thequantitativeanalysisofdrugs,D.C.Garrent,ChapmanandHall.3. PharmaceuticalAnalysis,A.H.BackettandJ.B.Stenlake,ChapmanandHall.4. Methodsofdruganalysis,S.F.Granbowrshll,LeeandFehiger.5. Analysisofdrugandchemicals,N.Evers,W.SmithandC.Grikin.6. Isolationandidentificationofdrugs,E.G.JClerks, PharmaceuticalPress.7. Pharmaceutical analysis, A textbook for pharmacy students and pharmaceutical
chemists,DavidG.Watson,ChurhillLivingstone,2000.8. The practical evaluation of phyto pharmaceuticals, Brain K.R and Turner T.T
Heteroaromatic reactivity and tautomerism in aromatic heterocyclesStrain-bond angle and torsional strains and their consequences in small ringheterocycles.
Unit 2: Heterocyclic Synthesis
Synthesis andreactions of quinolizinium and benzopyrylium salts, coumarins and
Unit 1: EnvironmentalChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry of water Properties of Water, Major aquatic chemicalprocessesWaterPollution:Types,sourcesandconsequencesofwaterpollution.sewageandwastewater treatment and recycling Environmental Impact Assessment. Environmentalauditing.CarboncreditsSoilPollution:Physicalandchemicalpropertiesofsoil,soilmicro-organismsand theirfunctions, Different kinds of synthetic fertilizer (N, PandK) and pesticides-their interactionswith different components of soil. Theirtoxicityandpollution.Industrialeffluentsofdifferentkinds, theirinteractionswithsoilcomponents,problemsoftoxicheavymetalsandpollution.Deteriorationofsoilduetominingactivities.SoilPollutionControlUnit2:GreenChemistryGreenChemistry:Definition,toolsandprinciplesofgreenchemistry,evaluationofstarting materials and reaction types. Solvent free systems, supercritical fluids, ionicliquidsascatalystsandsolventsEmerging Green Technologies: Photochemical reactions (advantages and challenges),examples, chemistryusingmicrowaves,sonochemistry,electrochemicalsyntheses.Waste Minimization techniques: Concept of Recycling, recovery and reuse,Bioremediationofwastesandsoils,phytoremediationofsoilsandsediments