Indonesia Soil Research Institute

Improvement of Soil Fertility and Crop Production through Direct Application of Phosphate rock on Maize in IndonesiaIndonesia Soil Research Institute

Husnain, S Rochayati, MT Sutriadi, A Nassir, M Sarwani

www.balittanah.litbang.deptan.go.id

Outline of presentationSoil characteristics in study sitePurposes Introduction

Description of study siteOn farm trial experiments

Methodology

• New Research Work ISRI-OCP

Result of experimentSummary

Result and Discussion

Progress

INTRODUCTION• The most dominant soils are Ultisols and Oxisols• The soils are acidic, deficient in nutrients, particularly

phosphous• Indonesia have about 16.2 million ha upland soils,

located in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Irian Jaya• High cost of P and K fertilizer – imbalance nutrient • Farmer prefer to applied Nitrogen fertilizer rather than

P and K fertilizer----compound fertilizer

Introduction……

Characteristic of study location• Sukamanah, Pleihari, South Kalimantan

(3°56'44.66" S 114°50'38.03" E) • 6 cropping seasons (2001-2004).• The soil used was Ultisols, derived from

claystone and/or sandstone of Dahor formation (sedimentary rocks, mainly consists of claystone and few sandstone)

• The soil is moderately deep, slightly coarse textured (loamy), exhibiting yellowish colour, and often has layers of gravel at different depth

Purpose of study

to demonstrate and evaluate the agronomically most effective ways of applying reactive phosphate rock on acid upland soils to increase and sustain agricultural production.

Methodology• The on farm trial conducted at famer fields in 2001-2004 (6 cropping seasons)

Experiment 2• A split-plot design with three replications.• Main plots: manure and non manure• Sub plots are

1. Without P fertilizer2. SP-36 300 kg ha-1

3. Jordan PR 1 ton ha-1

4. Morocco PR 1 ton ha-1

5. Senegal PR 1 ton ha-1

6. Tunisia PR 1 ton ha-1.

Experiment 1• Treatment

A. Farmer practiceB. PR 1 t ha-1 + Manure 1 t ha-1

C. PR 1 t ha-1 + Manure 2 t ha-1

• One ton of PR (containing about 300 kg P2O5 per hectare) was used to overcome soil P “fixation”

Soil characteristic Farmer 1 Farmer 2Soil order UltisolTexture Clay ClaypH (H2O 1:1) 4.4 4.4C-organic (%) 1.13 1.97P2O5 (mg/100 g) HCl 25 % 13 19P2O5 Bray 1 (mg kg-1) 4.0 4.8CEC cmolc kg-1 10.69 9.00Base saturation (%) 15 25Al3+ (me/100 g) KCl 1N 1.39 0.66H+ (me/100 g) KCl 1N 0.11 0.23Al Saturation (%) 45.13 20.89Fe (ppm) DTPA 41.51 38.86Zn (ppm) DTPA 0.80 0.71

Surface soil properties (0-20 cm) in Pelaihari, Tanah Laut District, South Kalimantan Province

Characteristics of Manure and PR usedParameters N P K Ca Mg S ………………………………. % …………………………..Chicken manure 2.28 1.34 1.73 2.45 0.52 0.25

Parameters Source of PRJordan Morocco Senegal Tunisia

Water content (%) 1.52 1.09 0.81 2.23P2O5: - Water 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.05- Citrate acid 12.68 15.13 8.39 14.62- Total 30.66 30.67 22.26 27.62CaO 42.20 42.50 27.80 39.30

RESULTS

WS DS WS DS WS DSPS1 PS2 PS3 PS4 PS5 PS6

012345678

A B CYi

eld

(t ha

-1)

1. Studying on the response of maize on direct PR application

A. Farmer practice(A)B. PR 1 t ha-1 + Manure 1 t ha-1

C. PR 1 t ha-1 + Manure 2 t ha-1

1. Studying on the response of maize on direct PR application

1 ton PR+1 ton Manure

1 ton PR+2 ton Manure

FARMER PRACTICE-Without PR

WS DS WS DS WS DSPS1 PS2 PS3 PS4 PS5 PS6

012345678

Senegal Morocco Tunisia Jordan

Yiel

d (t

ha-1

)

(-) M (-) M (-) M (-) M (+) M (+) M (+) M (+) MWS.

2002/03DS.

2003WS.

2003/04DS.

2004WS.

2002/03DS.

2003WS.

2003/04DS.

2004

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Without P SP-36 Jordan Morocco Senegal TunisiaYi

eld

( t h

a-1)

2. Studying on the response of maize on several types of PR combined with and without manure

The performance of maize under several types of PR application

Soil properties changes

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Bplt WS.01/02 DS.02 WS.02/03 DS.03 WS.03/04 DS.04

pH H 2O

ABC

Ultisols

0

5

10

15

20

25

Bplt WS.01/02 DS.02 WS.02/03 DS.03 WS.03/04 DS.04

CE

C (m

e 10

0g-1 )

ABC

Ultisols

0

20

40

60

80

100

Bplt WS.01/02 DS.02 WS.02/03 DS.03 WS.03/04 DS.04

P H

Cl 2

5% (m

g P

2O5 10

0g-1

)

ABC

Ultisols

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Bplt WS.01/02 DS.02 WS.02/03 DS.03 WS.03/04 DS.04

P B

ray

1 (p

pm P

2O5)

ABC

Ultisols

Soil pH

Soil CEC

Soil Phosphorus0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Bplt WS.01/02 DS.02 WS.02/03 DS.03 WS.03/04 DS.04

Ultisols

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Bplt WS.01/02 DS.02 WS.02/03 DS.03 WS.03/04 DS.04

Ex-

K (m

e 10

0g-1

)

ABC

Ultisols

Exchangeble K

Financial analyses

A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B CI II III IV V VI-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Income ($)/ha Material Cost ($)/ha R-C Ratio

Cost

or b

enefi

t in

$/ha

RC R

atio

Summary• Under P-deficient acid soil conditions in South Kalimantan,

direct application of reactive PR showed significant positive responses on Maize yield

• The highest Maize yield was found under combination of PR and manure for 2 ton ha-1.

• This study suggests that phosphate rock could be an effective and efficient P source of fertilizer especially its residual effects.

• Morocco phosphate rock appears to be an effective source of P in this trial

New Research Project ISRI-OCP Commence Year 2013 – 2015 (three years)Site location Siak, Riau Province, Taman Bogo, Lampung and Pleihari, South Kalimantan

Project title: 1. Improvement of soil fertility and crop production through the direct application of the Teractiv on Oil Palm in Indonesia

Purpose: • To evaluate direct application of the Teractiv for Oil Palm• To find out the best application rate of the Teractiv for Oil Palm

2. The use of direct application of Phosphate Rock for Oil Palm and Maize

Purpose:• To evaluate direct application of Rock Phosphate for Maize and Oil

Palm• To find out the best application rate and method of Rock Phosphate

for Maize and Oil Palm

• Oil Palm Estate belong to Wilmar Group• Location: Siak, Riau Province• Oil Palm under 8 years old• Land for Teractiv test : 1 Ha (75 -100 tree

is observe)• Land for Phosphate Rock A and B : 1 Ha

(75-100 tree is observe)

• Maize Farm at ISRI Exp. Station• Location: Taman Bogo, Lampung • Phosphate rock A and B test : 1 Ha • PR application on May 5, 2013

• Oil Palm Estate belong to PT. Citra Putra Kebun Asri at Ambungan estate (600 ha)

• Location: Gunung Raja vil. Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan

• Oil Palm under 5 years old• Teractiv test : 1 Ha (75-100 tree is observe)• Phosphate rock A and B test on 1 ha of

farmer farm

Study Location

RIAU

LAMPUNG

SOUTH KALIMANTAN

On farm site in Kerinci Kiri Village, Siak, Riau Province

Gunung Raja Village, South Kalimantan

Pleihari Village, South Kalimantan

On farm site in Taman Bogo, Lampung

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