INDONESIA REBOUNDS INDONESIA REBOUNDS INDONESIA REBOUNDS INDONESIA REBOUNDS GINANDJAR KARTASASMIT A GINANDJAR KARTASASMIT A GINANDJAR KARTASASMIT A GINANDJAR KARTASASMIT A The Japan Institute of International Affairs T k 21 F b 2007 The Japan Institute of International Affairs T k 21 F b 2007 T okyo, 21 F ebruary 2007 T okyo, 21 F ebruary 2007
Indonesia’s performance is very much comparable in the region
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INDONESIA REBOUNDSINDONESIA REBOUNDSINDONESIA REBOUNDSINDONESIA REBOUNDS
Risks for destabilizing inflation still high: rice price has been increasing since last December.4000
6000
8000
10000
81012141618
Source: Bloomberg & BI
since last December.
0
2000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Q106 Q206 Q306 Oct 06246
IDR/USD Inflation rate yoy SBI 1 month - BI Rate SBI 1 month - BI Rate
JIIA_Tokyo_07 www.ginandjar.com 8
External position remains promising
Current account position has
FX reserves (LHS)USDbn Months
Current account position has turned around Rise in FX reserves
USDbn
7.16 640
45
50
7 0
8.0
9.0
( )
Months of import and official debtrepayment (RHS)
30%
50%
2
3
5.04.5
5.5
6.6
5.9
25
30
35
5.0
6.0
7.0
10%
%
0
1
2832
36 36 35 43
10
15
20
25
2 0
3.0
4.0
30%
-10%2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
-1
0
0
5
10
001
002
003
004
005
06* 0.0
1.0
2.0
-50%
-30%
-3
-2
Current Account (LHS) Export (RHS) Import (RHS)
Source: Bank Indonesia
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20 20 20 20 20 200
Continued improvement in external debt position
External Debt Key highlights
Debt to GDP ratio decline from81% in 2001 to 47% in 2005, andexpected to reach 39% in 2006.42
.1 .6 54 256.865.7
80.7
30 035.040.045.0
60 070.080.090.0
expected to reach 39% in 2006.
There was a significant drop ofDSR in 2005 since there wasParis Club moratorium due to21
.326.631
.9
33.937
.34
19.522
.2
22.828
.4
38
41.438.6
46.054.2
25.833.1
32 215.020.025.030.0
30.040.050.060.0
Paris Club moratorium due totsunami disaster in Aceh.
214
.622.127.132.2
-5.0
10.0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006*0.010.020.0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Govt Ext Debt / GDP (LHS) Private Ext Debt / GDP (LHS)
Total Ext Debt / GDP (RHS) DSR (LHS)
JIIA_Tokyo_07 www.ginandjar.com 10Note : External debt consists of central government, central bank and private debtSource: Bank Indonesia
Improving Ratio of Short Term Debt t Rto Reserve
112.6%
250003000035000
100.00%
120.00%
20 74%
73.9% 62.0% 57.4% 59.3%
45.9%150002000025000
40 00%
60.00%
80.00%
11.29%20.74% 18.72%
6.42%4.70%
23.89%
05000
10000
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Jul-06
Short term debt (OM) Short term debt (RM)Short term debt (OM) Short term debt (RM)Short term debt (OM) to Reserve Short term debt (RM) to reserve
Note : OM = Original MaturityRM = Remaining Maturity
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RM = Remaining Maturity
Exchange ratemodest appreciation - low volatility
R i h t bili d d g h g
Average Exchange Rate Highlights
K R /USD V l tilit % • Rupiah stabilized and average exchange rate during Q3 2006 was Rp. 9,125. Relatively unchanged from Rp. 9,115 in the preceeding quarter10,500
11,000
6 0
7.0
8.0Kurs HarianVolatilitasR t t V l tilit
Kurs, Rp/USD Volatilitas, %
p g q
• Average exchange rate in October depreciate 0.26% to Rp. 9174 from Rp 9153
Banks well capitalized with CAR at around 21% as of August 2006, far above the required level of 8%
LDR1 relatively stable during 2006 at 21.0
21.7
8 79.48.3
12.1
21
21.5
22
10.0
12.0
LDR relatively stable during 2006 at around 64-65 %. In September 2006 LDR recorded at 65%.
Net interest income (NII)2 in September
20.5
19.519.419.4
19.9
8.5
5 1
8.7
5.8
8.28.1
19 5
20
20.5
21
6.0
8.0
2006 was Rp 6.2 trillion, similar to December 2005 figure, despite slowing credit expansion
RoA stable at around 2 6% with significant
9 5.1 4.95.64.8
3.03.618.5
19
19.5
2.0
4.0
RoA stable at around 2.6% with significant rise in total assets.
1 Loan calculations include channeling loans2 Calculated as NII for the particular month divided by earning
1.72.1
17.5
18
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Qi'0
6
Q2'
06
Sep
06
0.0
JIIA_Tokyo_07 www.ginandjar.com 14Source: Bank Indonesia
p y gassets for the corresponding period
Q
'S
No More IMF and CGINo More IMF and CGI
In 2006 Indonesia settled the remaining debt to IMF amounting $ 7 billion, 4 years g $ , yahead.In January 2007 GOI announced theIn January 2007, GOI announced the dissolution of CGI.
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THE PROBLEMSTHE PROBLEMSM i d l t h t bMacroeconomic development has not been followed by improvements in the microeconomic (real) sectors; major constraint for economic(real) sectors; major constraint for economic development. Lagging investmentLagging investment.Social Impact : increase of poverty from 16 % to 17 75 % (equivalent to 19 1 million poor17.75 % (equivalent to 19.1 million poor households in 2006) and 10.85 million unemployedunemployed.Tax Policy.
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THE PROBLEMSTHE PROBLEMSM l b l l i h i fManpower: labor law, low income, euphoria of freedom of expression (demonstrations and strikes).strikes).Infrastructure: inadequate infrastructure constitute a major constraint to economy as well j yas social life.Unstable and high oil prices in international markets had given impact to socioeconomic lifemarkets had given impact to socioeconomic life of the people.Political and security instability impact onPolitical and security instability impact on economic development, particularly to investment.
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Outlook 2007Outlook 2007Tabel
• Global economy slowing down
TabelProjected Economic Growth
2004 2005 2006 2007World Output 5.3 4.9 5.1 4.9Developed Countries 3.2 2.6 3.1 2.7 US 3.9 3.2 3.4 2.9
• Domestic demand should be the driver
Jepang 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.1 Euro Area 2.1 1.3 2.4 2Asia 8.8 9 8.7 10 China 8 8.5 8.3 7.3 India 5.8 5.1 5 5.6 Asean-4 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.4
for economic growth– Public investment and
World Trade Volume 10.6 7.4 8.9 7.6Impor Developed Countries 9.1 6 7.5 6Expor
Developed Countries 8 8 5 5 8 6
private investment– Private consumption
Developed Countries 8.8 5.5 8 6
InflationDeveloped Countries 2 2.3 2.6 2.3Emerging and Developing Countries 5.6 5.3 5.2 5
LIBORon USD 1.8 3.9 5.4 5.5on Yen 0.1 0.1 0.5 1.1on Euro Deposit 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.7Source: IMF
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Outlook 2007Outlook 2007
Economic Growth: 6 – 6,5% (Budget: 6.3%; Consensus around 6 %); )Inflation: 6-7%P li R t 8 9 5% (B d t 8 5% iPolicy Rate: 8-9,5% (Budget: 8,5% in current pace; policy rate to go down to becomes 7,5% at the end of 2007); a stimulus for reducing bank’s lending rate.stimulus for reducing bank s lending rate.
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Outlook 2007Outlook 2007
Th bl f h i bThe problem of purchasing power can be compensated in 2007 by: increase of civil servant’s salary, minimum wage, consumption credits, good control of inflation and lending rate by Bank Indonesia.The goal of economic development for 2007: reducing unemployment to 9.9 %2007: reducing unemployment to 9.9 % and number of poor people to 16,4 %.
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Three Policy PackagesThree Policy PackagesThree Policy PackagesThree Policy Packages1 Investment Law & Procedure
InvestmentClimate
1 Investment Law & Procedure
2 Tax & Custom Reform
3 L b & I i tiImprovement 3 Labor & Immigration
4 Trade Licenses
Infrastructure
5 Cross Sector Strategic Policy Reform
6 Sector Restructuring, Corporatisation and Policy ReformInfrastructure
7 Regulation on monopoly & investment protection
8 Clear separation on the role of policy maker, regulator, contracting agency and operator
Financial
9 Coordination Monetary & Fiscal Authority
10 Financial Institution (Banking & Non Banking)
contracting agency, and operator
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Financial 10 Financial Institution (Banking & Non Banking)
11 Capital Market and SOE Privatization
New Reform Packages and Special ProgramsNew Reform Packages and Special Programs
SME Policy Reform PackageFocus on particularly four areas: − Access to FinanceAccess to Finance− Access to Market− Human Resource Development and
Entrepreneurship− Regulatory Reform and Deregulation
Poverty Reduction ProgramPoverty Reduction ProgramFocus 1: Mainstreaming Budget for PovertyFocus 2: Integration and expansion of KDP (Kecamatan Development Program) and P2KP (Urban Poor) into PNPM (National Program on Community Empowerment)Focus 3: Shifting Cash Transfer to Conditional CashFocus 3: Shifting Cash Transfer to Conditional Cash TransferFocus 4: Others like Biofuel, Housing and Rural Infrastructures
Crash Program for Electricity ExpansionCrash Program for Energy ConversionCrash Program for Energy Conversion
LPG for KeroseneGas for GasolineCoal and Gas for Power GenerationBioenergy
Note : KDP = Kecamatan Development ProgramP2KP = Program Penanganan Kemiskinan PerkotaanPNPM= Program Nasional Pemberdayaan masyarakat.
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g y y
Investment PoliciesInvestment PoliciesInvestment PoliciesInvestment PoliciesNew Investment Law is being finalized in the Parliament.Streamlining investment procedures.Equal treatment of foreign and domesticEqual treatment of foreign and domestic investment.Less negative listLess negative list.More incentive to invest.
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SOCIO POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIO-POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
Indonesia is emerging from long period of authoritarian rule to consolidate its status as one of the world’s largest democratic country.
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Regime Change in IndonesiaRegime Change in Indonesia
• August 1945 - March
SukarnoSukarno
• March 1968 - May 1998
SuhartoSuharto
August 1945 March 1968
• Elected by the PPKI• Impeached by MPRS
March 1968 May 1998• Elected by MPRS• Resigned under
pressure
October 1999 JulyB.J. HabibieB.J. HabibieAbdurrahman WahidAbdurrahman Wahid
• May 1998-October 1999• Accountability Speech
Rejected• Declined to run for
October 1999 – July 2001Elected by MPRImpeached by MPR
President
Susilo Bambang Susilo Bambang YudhoyonoYudhoyono
MegawatiMegawati
• October 2004 – 2009• Directly elected
YudhoyonoYudhoyono• July 2001 – October 2004
• Elected by MPR • Lost election to SBY
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SOCIO POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIO-POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
I d i ’ liti l d i d l tIndonesia’s political and economic development after the REFORMASI (1998) seems to be on the right trackthe right track.Socio-political development: amendment of 1945 Constitution improvement of checks and1945 Constitution, improvement of checks and balances system, direct presidential and regional executives elections legal reform andregional executives elections, legal reform and decentralization, human rights, freedom of the press, bigger role of civil society. p , gg yPeace in Aceh.
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MAJOR PROBLEMSMAJOR PROBLEMS
1. Institutions: ambiguity between presidential and parliamentary systems; weak bicameral parliamentary system, establishment of quasi-government institutions, and confusion of role and function in the judicial branch of government.
2. Political ethics and behavior:institutionalization of political acts versus personification of political figures; money politics, manipulation of masses.
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MAJOR PROBLEMSMAJOR PROBLEMS
3. Major problems in governance includes Reform of the bureaucracy quality of civil servantscorruptioninefficiencylow salaryImpact of problems in bureaucracy on socio-economic domains.
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MAJOR PROBLEMSMAJOR PROBLEMS
4. Ethno-nationalism: as negative impact of decentralization and political freedomdecentralization and political freedom (euphoria: from autonomy to special autonomy to independence?)autonomy to independence?)
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MAJOR PROBLEMSMAJOR PROBLEMS
Political trust and social trust: problem in law enforcement (frequently constrained by issues of human rights and freedom of expression).Pluralism: negative impact of pluralism in the form of horizontal conflicts along religious, ethnics, socio-economic divide.Terrorism.Terrorism.
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MAJOR PROBLEMSMAJOR PROBLEMS
5. Major ecological problems: Tsunami, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mud eruptions, deforestation, illegal logging, forest fires, floods and landslides
6. Major health problems: avian flu and dengue fever
Japan is a traditional and natural economic partner and political ally of Indonesia Good relation and mutualpolitical ally of Indonesia. Good relation and mutual interest between the two countries have to be maintained.maintained. Generally Japanese people and the Japanese Business Community are “losing interests” in Indonesia, giving y g g gmore attention to China and India.
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The Current State The Current State of Economic Cooperationof Economic Cooperation
The Current State The Current State of Economic Cooperation . . .of Economic Cooperation . . .
ODAODAAl t 40% f I d i ’ ODA fAlmost 40% of Indonesia’s ODA comes from Japan:
EconomicSocial
Sectors
Institutional Capacity BuildingTechnology
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The Current State The Current State of Economic Cooperation . . .of Economic Cooperation . . .
InvestmentInvestmentJ i till th bi t i t i I d iJapan is still the biggest investor in Indonesia among 103 countries with US$ 39 billion in 1 715 j t (13% f th t t l FDI) t1.715 projects (13% of the total FDI) up to June 2006.
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Changes for Promising Changes for Promising Countries/Regions over the MediumCountries/Regions over the Medium--termterm
Note: “Medium-term” means the next 3 years or so.Source: JBEC Institute, Dec 2006
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Milestones for Enhanced CooperationMilestones for Enhanced Cooperationpp
IndonesiaIndonesia--Japan Strategic Investment Action Plan (SIAP)Japan Strategic Investment Action Plan (SIAP)At the meeting between Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi and President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono on 2 June 2005, the two l d d th J I d i St t i I t t A tileaders announced the Japan-Indonesia Strategic Investment Action Plan (SIAP).This was an initiative to promote foreign investment in Indonesia p gbased on the shared recognition that a substantial increase in foreign investment is essential for poverty reduction and employment generation and that increased investment from Japan to Indonesiageneration, and that increased investment from Japan to Indonesia is an important challenge also for revitalization of the Japanese economy.SIAP i d f 118 ti it i 5 t l tSIAP is composed of 118 action items in 5 sectors, namely, tax, customs, labor, infrastructures, industrial competitiveness/small and medium enterprises.
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Milestones for Enhanced Cooperation . . .Milestones for Enhanced Cooperation . . .pp
The significance of the November 2006 visit of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to Japan:Japan:
Signing of the Strategic Partnership for Peaceful and Prosperous Futureand Prosperous Future.Signing of the Principles of Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA).
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IndonesiaIndonesia--Japan Economic Partnership Japan Economic Partnership A t (IJA t (IJ EPA)EPA)Agreement (IJAgreement (IJ--EPA)EPA)
a Trade in Goods (Tariff and Non-Tariff Measuresa. Trade in Goods (Tariff and Non Tariff Measures, Rules of Origin, Trade Remedies).
b. Trade in Services.C t P dc. Customs Procedures.
d. Investment.e Movement of Natural Personse. Movement of Natural Persons.f. Energy and Mineral Resources.g. IPR.gh. Government Procurement.i. Competition Policy.j I t f B i E i t dj. Improvement of Business Environment and
Promotion of Business Confidence.k. Cooperation
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p
Political CooperationPolitical CooperationPolitical CooperationPolitical Cooperation
Bilateral.Regional.Regional.Multilateral.
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Momentum of the 50Momentum of the 50thth Anniversary of Anniversary of IndonesiaIndonesia--Japan Diplomatic RelationsJapan Diplomatic Relations
20082008
Broadening and deepening exchanges and ti l t l d t dicross generational mutual understanding.
Milestone for a more advanced and mature bil t l l tibilateral relations.Contribution to peace, stability and economic