10.06.11 Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE): Etruscan_Phrases Indo-European Table 1, Part 5 by Mel Copeland (from a work published in 1981) Etruscan_Phrases by Mel Copeland (from a work published in 1981) Table 1 Index (Recommend opening this page to facilitate navigation through Table 1) Table 1, Section 1B: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian. Sanskrit Avestan & Armenian* Slavic & Baltic Greek & Albanian Latin other English Etruscan x ânjâ, darân jâ, adj., adv. there (Persian) tam, w tym miejscu (Polish) LA, there (Romanian) ekei (Greek) atje, aty, këtu, në këtë vend, there, adv. (Albanian) ibi, illi, istic acw , adv (Welsh) la , adv., (Italian) la , adv., (French) there la , Z470, Z551, TC179, TC290, TC318, K58, M74, AT-8, Q21, Q521, R381 _la, Script CH-2, (name of warrior) x isânrâ , be isân, be ânhâ, them [n] (Persian) ich, im, je, them (Polish) aftous, aftes, afta (Greek) ata, ato, atyre, them, pron. (Albanian) LE , them (Romanian) ille, illa, ilud, they eu, 'u, 'w; hwynt, nhw they, them (Welsh) egli, colui, he; ella, essa, colei, she; lo, la, esso, essa, cio, al, pron., it ; essi, esse , loro, li, quelli, quelle , coloro, them (Italian) le , it, he, she, def. art., pron.; eux, elles , les, leur, them (French) them? pronoun? le (LE) , Script Z572, Z638, Z1334, Z1853, K67, Q303, AO-2, K37, K67 x ânjâ, darân jâ, adj., adv. there (Persian) tam, w tym miejscu (Polish) ekei (Greek) atje, aty, këtu, në këtë vend, there, adv. (Albanian) ibi, illi, istic acw , adv (Welsh) la, adv., (Italian) la, adv., (French) there Le, Script TC28, TC103, TC260, TC271,TC327, R434, R653, K50, K88, K99, K135, Au83, NC-5, MS- 1, Pl-21, PL-29, AF-7, AJ-12, AN49, T-8, VP- 11, BT33, AT-4, AT-11, PO-6, PB- 8, AL-12, ZB-3, Z22, Z36, Z59 essi, esse , loro, li, Page 1 of 18 Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates 10/6/2011 http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table1B.html
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10.06.11 Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE):
Etruscan_Phrases
Indo-European Table 1, Part 5
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
Etruscan_Phrases
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)Table 1 Index
(Recommend opening this page to facilitate navigation through Table 1)
Table 1, Section 1B: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian.
zithilay, -yati, toloosen, relax;zathAy,to loosen or untie;dA, dyati, to bind, tie, fetter, {vi}, to loosen; cRt, cRtati, to fasten, connect, attach {ava}, let loose; bandh,badhnAti, badhnIte,to bind, attach, tie
gereftâri, band,pâgir, bind [n],bastan, gereftârsodan, to bindsost kardan, ârâm sodan, to relax; pahn kardan, gosâd kardan, pahn sodan, to widen (Persian)
dievryno, plataino,widen; deno,isopsifo, desmos,grabata, isopsifiawiden (Greek)liroj, lehtësoj,zbutem,dobësohem,zvogëloj, to relax;idh, lidhem,ankohem, to bind(Albanian)
laxo-are; to widen, loosen;ligamen-inis,string, tie, bandage;ligo -are, to bind
llaesu, to slacken, loosen, relax,relent, droop;caethiwo, to bind,confine, restrict,enslave, detain;rhwymo, to bind, tie, lash, bandage (Welsh)rilassare, relax;legare, to tie, bind(Italian);relâcher, relax; lier, to bind (French)hars, to loosendalugaes, long (Hittite)
to widen, loosen[<ON lauss],relax? to tie, bind[<OE bindan]?
LaKA, Script Z432, Z1153, Z1161
x x x elaia, olive;eleos, elei, mercy
Laius-i, father of Oedipusolea-ae, olive;
x Laes, name? Laes, Script XE-13 (possibly ELAES)
potha [m], blow,strike with; han,hanti, hate, jighnate, -ti, to smite, beat, strike down, hew off, hit pierce hurt
e'tesâb [n], zadan, barxordkardan, sâyidan, to strike (Persian)
kunta, m. spear, lance; kSip, kSipati, -te, to throw, cast;prahati [f], stroke,throw; prAsa [m],cast, throw; spear;vap, vapati, -te, tostrew, scatter, esp.seed, throw or castdice, as, asyati, tothrow, cast, shoot at,throw away, hurl
andâxtan,afkandan, partkardan, to throw(Persian)
rzucac, rzut,threw, throw(Polish)mest (BalticSudovian)LANSA, to throw (Romanian)
richno, riximo, boli, to throw (Greek)hedh, flak, vervis,jap, to throw(Albanian)
lancea-ae [f], a light spear or lanceiacio, iacere, ieci,iactum, to throw,cast
lluchio, to throw, fling, pelt, drift; taflu, to throw, fling, cast, hurl,heave, pelt (Welsh)lann [f] blade, sword, scale as of a fish, lancet; also a house (Scott)lanciare, to throw,fling, pitch; slanciare,vt. to throw, thin out, rush; gettare, to throw(Italian)se lancer, to rush, to dash, to dart; jeter, tothrow (French)
to throw, [<OEthrawan], fling,pitch, hurl, launch[<Lat. lanceare; tolaunch; lancea-ae[f], a light spear or lance]
lanso (LANSV),Script K108See slanso (SLANSV)
sattva, being,existence, reality,nature, character,energy, goodness,spirit, phantom,spectre, imp, goblin;preta, deceased, dead, adv. {-vat}Å; [m] a ghost; yakSa [n], a supernatural being or apparition, ghost, spirit; [m], a class of geni; abhijana [m],origin, race, family.ancestors
household gods,worshippedancestors, spectre,fairy [<Lat. fata,fates]; fantasy[<Gk. phantasia];relates to lair,English, a den orhidden dwelling[<OE leger]
codi (cyfodi), to raise, lift, exalt, erect, heave,hoist, rear, cock, exact, levy, prick, rise,mount (Welsh)elevare, to elevate, lift, exalt (Italian)lever, to rise, arise, stand up, clear up (French)ninikzi, he lifts, raises wala, to lift (Hittite)
to raise, lift up,ease; to arise, stage [<Lat. stare, to stand]
x x x x x x Larentia, the most beautiful prostitute in Rome, goddess of the Laurentalia?
Leinth or Leinr (LEINO) Script CF-5, CZ-1
gorasa [m] cow-milk, milk; dA, dadAti, datte, dadati, -te (dAti, dadmi), to give, bestow, concede, remit, yield, grant, allow, etc.
gozâstan, vâgozârkardan, hestan, to let; sir [n],dusidan, to milk(Persian)
doic, mleko, milk, dopuscic, let, pozwolic,sprawic, wynajac, let (Polish)LAS, LĂS, I let (Romanian)
gaia, armago, letout (Greek)lejoj, lë, jap,llogarus; to let out, let go; lëng, n. milk, njel, to milk (Albanian)
lac, lactis, milk,milky sap, milk-white;
licet, licere, lecuit or licitum, it is allowed; one can or may; licens-entis, free, unrestrained
gollwng, to drop,loose, let go, absolve, broach, discharge, dismiss, release,relieve, leak; blith-ion [m], milk; llaeth, milk,buttermilk; llefrith-od,[m]. milk, sweet milk, new milk (Welsh)leig, va. to let, let out, let go, permit, allow, milk, rain (Scott)latte [m] milk (Italian)laisser, to leave, to let, to allow, to permit, to
to let, let out, letgo, permit, allow,to milk [<OEmilc], to rain;to strike?
leis, Script TC 150(See laeti above, L. laedo, ladere, laesi, laesum, to strike, hurt, injure)
Page 7 of 18Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
legal controversy,action, suit, strife, quarrel, process [<Lat. processus-us,advance, progress]
lis, Script TC190, Script TC190
x x x x lixa-ae x camp followers LISIAI, Script PA-7
x x LOC, location; LOCURI,locations (Romanian)
x locus-i posizione, collocamento, locazione(Italian)emplacement, site, repérage, situation (French)
location, place lokes (LOKES) Script XB-2loci (LVCI) Script K170
jyotiH ru bhaaH,bhaati
sabok, âhesete,light, adv., rowsan kardan, âtas zadan, to light (Persian)
jasny, lampa,lekki, lit, ogien,oswietlac,rozpalic, swiatlo,swiecic, zapalic,light (Polish)palic, v. imp.,spalic, v. perf.,burn (Belarus)LUCI, to light (Romanian)
luzno, luzny,obwisly, puscic,rozluznic,rozwiazany,sypki, wolno,wolny, loose;odpokutowac,expiate (Polish)LUA, to take (Romanian)
timoroumai,exileonomai, atone;(Greek)shlyej, vë në vend, to expiate(Albanian)
luo, luere, lui,luiturus, to expiate
gwneud iawn, to do (gwneud) right iawn = adj. right, to atone, make amends, expiate(Welsh)espiare (Italian)expier (French)lila, expiation, lilai, to release
to loose [<ONlauss], expiate[<Lat. expio-are],atone for
malakos, apalos,soft; tryferos,prosfero, prosfora(Greek)lehtësoj, zbut,zbus, to soften(Albanian)
macero-are
esmwytho, to ease, soothe, soften, alleviate, relieve;meddalu, to soften, mollify, macerate; tyneru, to make tender, soften, mollify,relent (Welsh)maoth, adj. soft,tender, delicate,effeminate; maothaich, va. soften, alleviate, become softer, become delicate (Scott)
to soften [<OEsofte, pleasant],make weak,reduce, torment,tease, vexan;make lean,[<OEhlaene],make tender[<Lat. tener -era -erum, tender,delicate, soft,young ]
mac, Script ZA-3, Z819maci, Script ZA-3See also MvLAK
Page 11 of 18Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
mandra-ae [f.];stable, pascuum,pasture; pecus-oris, cattle, aherd, flock, esp. of sheep;stabulo-are, transit. to stable cattle; intransit., to have a stall
ystabl-au [f], stable (Welsh)stàbull [m] a stable (Scott)stalla, f. stable (Italian)écurie, f. stable(French)
a stall [<OEstealle] cattle-pen,stable, a herd ofcattle, kiosk[<Pers. kushk]
mantra? Script Q152
muSTihan, fightinghand to hand;prahasta, theoutstretched hand
W-tserk, E-tser(Armenian)dast, hand [n](Persian)
dlon, podawac,przekazywac,reka, robotnik,wreczac,wskazowka, hand(Polish)MÂNĂ(A) hand
cheri, dino sto cheri(Greek)dorë (Albanian)
manus-us [f]
llaw (dwylo, dwylaw)[f], hand; palf-af [f], palm, hand, paw (Welsh)mano [f] hand (Italian)main [f] (French)kessar, a hand
hand [<OE hand],by hand
mano (MANV),Scripts N206, Q219;manu (MAN8),Script R596
Page 13 of 18Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
masa, Script BS-20masan, Script Au83;MaSaN, ScriptZ1164;maso (MASV), Script K75, K84, K92masnial or masni al, Script A-4(Short text eca suthi masni al THANCHVILVS (this is the point, site of Tanaquil's tomb?)
yeS, yeSati, to boil up, bubble; mad or{manda, ma3dati, -te, ma3ndati, -te,mama3tti, mA3dyati}, pp.{matta3}, to bubble,undulate, boil, beagitated, or pleasantly excited, rejoice at, be mad or drunk with, to madden
jusânidan, jusidan, to boil (Persian)
gotowac, wrzec, boil (Polish)
brazo, boil (Greek)avulloj, ziej, gatuaj me ujë të valuar, valoj, gufon [deti],to boil (Albanian)
madeo-ere; to steam; bullire, to boil
berwi, to boil, seethe, effervesce; brydio, to burn, inflame, boil,throb (Welsh)boilire, to boil;vaporizar, to steam bouillir,to boil; s'évaporer, to steam (French)
to be wet, steam,to be boiled [<Lat.bullire], to besteeped in, about in
matam, Script Z761, Z1359, Z1647matan, Script Z1777(Note: This text is from the linen wrappings of the Zagreb Mummy. Thus "we boil" (matam)and "they boil" (matan)
matR^i, maataa, ambaa; zuzU [f]mother.
barethrishva(Avestan)mâdar (Persian)
majka (SerboCroatian)maci, matka(Belarus)mate (BalticSudovian
x x x x x x Meleager, prince of Calydon, hero of the Calydonian Boar Hunt
Meliapher (MELIAØR), Script DB-2
x x x x x même (French) the self, same? mem, Script XA-26, XE-2
sIsa & {sIsaka}[n]lead; irajy, -jyati, -te, to direct, lead,dispose of, command; dIrghI kR, to lengthen, lead far away; RtAy, pp.{ya3ntra} lead ormake right, observethe law; be obedient, pious, or honest; puras, adv. in front, forward, before (also prep. w. gen., abl., acc., or ); eastward, at first. With {gam} gofirst, take the lead;Cf. {kR} 1 & {dhA}
rahbari, pisvâyi,sorb, lead [n],rahbari kardan, to lead (Persian)
doprowadzenie,glowna rola,interlinia,kierowac,kierownictwo, led, olow, prowadnica,prowadzenie,prowadzic, prym,przewod, zagranie,zagrywac, lead(Polish)MÂNA, to lead, to direct, to conduct, to guide (Romanian)
odigo, kathodigisi,to lead, guide;proporevomai,protia, molybi,molybdos,to lead (Greek)coj, drejtoj, shpie, jam në krye, shoqëroj, kryesoj, bind, udhëheq, ebëj të, ndjek, tolead; drejtoj,udhëheq,komandoj, to guide(Albanian)
duco, ducere, duxi, ductum, to draw along or away; to charm, influence,mislead; to lead, to marry
arwain, to lead;blaenori, to lead,precede, head, forego; tywys, to lead, guide(Welsh)menare(Italian)mener (French)arnumi, I bring;tapariala, to rule;uwate, to bring, lead(Hittite)
to lead [<OElaedan], to take, todeal, to bring, toconduct, guide,drive, command [<OFr. comander]
[m],thought, meaning,opinion, mind (Welsh)mente, pensiero,intenzione, inteligenza
esprit, penchant, avis [m] (French
mind, understanding
mens, ScriptR349, R359
arh, arhati, todeserve, merit, beliable to, capable of
sazâvâr budan,sâyestegi, dâstan, to deserve(Persian)
zaslugiwac,deserve; zaleta,zasluzyc, zsluga,merit (Polish)persluzit, todeserve(Baltic-Sudovian)MERIT, I merit, to merit ; MERITUL, the merit (Romanian)
Compare the pronunciation of Menrva (MENRFA) (Latin Minerva) with ME8A, 8RATER, (English brother) etc. where the "8" appears to be a "b", as opposed to the "F" being disctinctly a "v" as in Minerva. At other times the "F" is a "u" as in EFAN (Euan), another name for Bacchus.
Notes:
1) The character K, , is rare in the Etruscan scripts. It is positioned between the H and the I in the Formello Alphabet from Veii; Rome, Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia (from The Etruscans, Massimo Pallottino, Indiana University Press, 1975). See Note (2) below for the use of the K. The word, Chiave, sets the word following it: LAFES.(2) The word, LAFES, is used on a 7th century B.C. gold fibula from Chiusi in the context, "to me / my [the] gold key (Lat. chiafe) of praise [of] Nasia the great. The word MAXIMAS reflects a shift from Latin, "maximus" to Etruscan "machimas."(3) Addition of prefix, FEL, before LVIS in TC-103 suggests this is a name, Luis. Change based on better image from http://vcg.isti.cnr.it/projects/miscellanea/cortona/cortona_images/