Individual differences

Individual Differencesand Call

Third GroupsGian Wekti Yudhie Indra GMufaizahBambang

Presentation Mapping

Individual Differences and CALL

A. Models of Second Language Learning

Models With Independent Learner

Variables

Individual Differences

A. Models of Second Language Learning and Their Variables

Models of SLA related to individual outcome which divided two:1. Model distinguish between individual telated

variables (Social variables, contextual variables).2. Model assumses interrelationship between

individual variables.

B. Models With Independent Learner Variables

1. The “Good Language-Learners” Model2. Monitor Theory3. Brown And Fraser’s4. Levin5. Gardner6. Skehan7. Spolsky

1. The “Good Language-Learners” Model

The model proposed by Naiman, Frohlich, Todesco, and Stern identifities:A. TeachingB. LearnerC. ContextTwo dependent variables:A. LearningB. Out come

Continued.....In this model of theory showed that there is a

direct link between each of the three global

independents variables and the learning variable.

However, how these independents variables and

which particular sub-variables affect the learning

variables, remains unclear.

Teaching

The Learners

The Context

MaterialsSyllabus

MethodologyResources

AgeIntellegence

AptitudeMotivationAttitude

PersonalityCognitive

Style

EFL/ESLOpportunitie

s for UseSocial Milieu

UnconsciousProcess:

GeneralisationTransfer

Simplication

Conscious Processes:Strategis

Proficiency:ListeningSpeakingReadingWriting

Errors Interlanguage

Affective Reasons

The Good Language-Learner Model

2. Monitor TheoryAccording to this theory, the affective filter is a major source of variation, the success of language learning varies depending on several factors embraced within the affective filter such as attitude, motivation, self-confidence and anxiety.

Monitor Theory

INPUT

AffectiveFilter

CognitiveOrganizers

MONITOR

OUTPUT

3. Brown and Fraser’s 1. Scene Setting and Purpose

2. Participants Individual and Relationship

situation

Scene

Setting Purpose

Participants

Individual

Individual qua Individual

Individual as member of

social cathegory

Relationship between individual

4. Levin’s Schematic modelTwo Major stage:1. Diagnostic2. Prescriptive

Two variables:3. Input4. Output

5. Gardner’s Educational ModelFocus on three main aspects:1. Cultural beliefs2. Individual differences3. SLA

Look Gardners diagramPage 44.

3 Points that can be inferred;1. Cultural beliefs Individual Differences

2. Emphasize on Individual differences variable.

3. Two variables: Integrativeness and attitudes toward

learning situation jointly influence motivation

INFLUENCE

6. Skehan Model of Influence on Language Learning

Skehan version higlight the importance of joined variables effect on language learning.

Such a joined variables model might be useful to identify which variables are more influential and make stronger contribution than the others.

More detail see figure 11Page 47

7. Spolsky ModelSpolsky model examines the individual differences resulting from 74 restricted conditions.

See Figure 12Page 50

C. Individual Differences1. Age2. Attitude3. Motivation4. Intellegence5. Language Aptitude6. Previous Knowledge7. Familiarity with Computers8. Interaction with Native Speakers9. Language Used

That is the end of our presentation. Thank you for your attention

nice to have been with you

today,Good Luck

And see you again

LONG..TOLOOOOON

G