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Self and Personality
Psycho social cultural look at
the Self in Mexico
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History
Spanish arrived on Mexican coast in the1500s
Inhabitants : Aztecs, a warrior people andalso Mayans and Olmecas
Early 20th century : civil revolution
A philosopher Samuel Ramos, in 1930
made a research on Mexican self andconcluded that Mexican self was coveredby inferiority complex
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Research of Mexican Self
Diaz Guerrero (1982)Used Osgoods semantic differentialtechnique
Compared evaluative, power and dynamismof the self
Mexican teenagers consistently scored lowerin evaluation and power than their cohorts
from 16 other culturesA collective, dependent, social yet positiveconstruals of the self
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Continued
La Rosa and Diaz-Loving (1991)
- Exploratory qualitative studies,adjective checklists and FGD
- Amiable and courteous in its socialrelations, happy and optimistic,expressive and communicative with the
closed ones, romantic and sentimental,conciliatory and tranquil in allsituations
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Continued
Valdez (1994) and Lagunes (1996)
1. Semantic networks methodology and
other techniques2. Results : separate positive and
negative evaluation factor
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Koreans Interpersonal Mind and
Behavior in Close Relationships
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Intro
For Koreans, forming close relationships
with each other has special meanings to
their interpersonal behaviorCategorization of relations :
1. Relationships with others within the
category of weness --- strong sense of
our folks, private passion and emotion,
interpersonal jung (Choi and Kim, 2000)
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Continued
2. . Relationships with others out of thecategory of weness ---- reason basedrationality, objective social norms,
individual interests and social justiceJung is a central concept in the formation and
maintenance of social relationships based onweness. The basic feature ofJung is to care
for others which consists of behavior :attentive, empathetic, helpful andsupportive
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SHIMJUNGIlustrasi seorang atlit
Korea peserta olimpiade1988 yang menolak
meninggalkan ring tinjukarena merasa diperlakukan
tidak adil oleh wasit
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What is shimjung?
Shim = mind
Jung = affection
Shimjung is a state of aroused mindconcerning a particular situation
Mind (English) : cognitive and emotional
Mind (Korea) : corresponds to intentionality
including interest, motivation, emotion,intention, determination and mood (Choiand Kim, 1996a)
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Characteristics linked to shimjung
1. Shimjung presupposes the existence of self-consciousness, which makes the personconcerned aware of the arousal of emotion
or mind2. On the side of the person concerned,
shimjung is constituted by evaluativejudgment of aroused emotion andexplanation on psychological process inwhich that emotion is evolved relation tointerpersonal and situational factors
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Continued
3. Shimjung of a person evoked when theextent of considerate mind to which his orher partner expresses falls short of
exceeds the expectation held by thatperson (Choi and Kim, 1999)
This expectation is based on psychological
distance estimated between both in adyad through reflective thinking of historyof their interactions
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Shon and Choi, 1999
The following cases were high ranked in the
rank order of frequencies :
1. When a truthful friend betrays me ;2. When my mind is misunderstood ;
3. When Im not considered important ;
4. When I feel myself terrible5. When Im treated unfairly
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Modes of shimjung discourse
When shimjung is delivered verbally, it oftentakes the form of narration and discourse :
1. Based on logics of shimjung
2. Mode of story telling of what happened ininner mind
3. Describing on the side of the 3rd person ofwhat happened in mind
4. Speaking out true inner mindstraightforward
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Shimjung discourse can verify their weness,
andjung-based relationships, build up
intersubjectivity between them