Indians as Settlers Challenging student assumptions.

Indians as Settlers

Challenging student assumptions

What is an Indian?- Horses- Hunter-gatherers- Nomadic- Male

Who are the Cherokee?- North Carolina- Trail o f Tears- Andrew Jackson- downtrodden

- Educated- bicultural and bilingual- Three migrations

Cherokee as acculturated

• Church membership• Constitution• Cherokee Phoenix• William Wirt• Intermarriage• Seminaries and colleges

Three waves of settlement

• OLD SETTLERS- 1792-1810• TREATY PARTY – 1820S• EMIGRANT/PATRIOT PARTY - 1838

OLD SETTLERS

TREATY PARTY

EMIGRANT PARTY

BOILING IT DOWN TO BLOOD

• FULL VERSUS HALF-BLOOD• TRADITIONAL VERSUS PROGRESSIVE• OLD SETTLERS – TRADITIONAL BUT NOT ALL

FULL• TREATY PARTY – HALF-BLOOD AND

PROGRESSIVE• PATRIOT PARTY – HALF-BLOOD LEADERS BUT

FULL BLOOD FOLLOWERS, PROGRESSIVE

OLD SETTLERS V. EXODUSTERS

GERMAN SETTLERS

EMIGRANT PARTY V. MORMONS

CONFLICTS WITH PLAINS INDIANS

CREATION OF INSTITUTIONS

Are the Cherokee settlers?

TYPE ONE SETTLERS• Farming• Families• Balanced sex distribution• Many children• Few over 45• High birth rate• Permanent• Peaceful• colonizing

CHEROKEE SETTLERS• Restarted farms• Came as families• Yes for sex distribution• Moved children• Many over 45• Zero birth rate in first years• Yes• No, political warfare• ?????