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The Future Of Indian Agriculture-Role of Indian Seed Industry-
M. Prabhakar RaoNuziveedu Seeds Limited
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Evolution of Indian Agriculture
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Evolution over 40 years
3
82 108130
176 197252
Food Grain Production MillionTons
7 9.6 9.418.6 18.5
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Oil seed Production InMillion Tons
5.6 4.8 79.8 9.5
35.2
1960-611970-711980-811990-912000-012011-12
Cotton Production in Million BalesCotton Bale-170 kg
(Source- Dept. Of Ag. GOI)
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Productivity of Major Field Crops
4
To even out the effect of extreme weather variations
*1998-99 data is avg. of six preceding years 1993-94 to 1998-99
**2011-12 data is avg. of six preceding years 2005-06 to 2011-12
Productivity kg/ha
1998-99* 2011-12**
Crops Productivity Productivity Growth %
Cotton 240.83 452.66 88
Paddy 1883.15 2180.50 15.8
Maize 1665.83 2228.83 33.8
Wheat 2529 2802 10.8
Pulses 599.3 634.6 5.9
Oilseeds 863.16 1026.5 33.1
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But this growth not adequate
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227280
1.3X
Food Grain
Milk
Vegetable & Fruits
Meat /Fish/egg
2007 2020
2007 2020
2007 2020
2007 2020
111
270
109.8202.2
11.6
30.1
1.8X
2.6X 2.8X
Source: Estimate of Food Demand
Working Paper No. 209, ICRIER; NSSO Interviews
Food Demand likely to go up
from~ 450 MMT to 780 MMT in 2020
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CHALLENGES & WAY FORWARD
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The key challenges
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Productivity gapsTechnologicalinterventions
Govt. Policies &
Regulation Labour shortage
Challenges
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Productivity gaps
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9.5
3.1
Egypt India
7.8
2.6
UK India China India
60
85
63
Australia India
Crop Yield (t/ha) highest vs. India
Rice Wheat Cotton Sugarcane
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Hinohikari.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Hinohikari.jpg7/27/2019 Indian Seed Congress
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Potential to increase production
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AgriculturalProduction
Area (Limited)
Productivity
Seeds
R&D andTechnologies to
constantlyimprove seeds
Nutrition(Limited)
Irrigation(Limited)
Agronomicpractices
New practices tomatch the genotype,
extension andtraining
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Keys to break Productivity barriers
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Superior PlantingMaterial
Agronomic Innovations(improved practices)
Extension services
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Superior Planting Material
Genetic enhancement for productivity
Tolerance to biotic & abiotic stress
through- Superior germplasm
Introgression of GM or Non-GM traits
Use of molecular markers to expedite
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Some Examples -
High density planting in Cotton/Maize
Direct Seeded Rice
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Agronomic Innovations
Right
Products
RightAgronomy
HighYield
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High density planting : cotton
Current seed rates of cotton at 1.61 pkts/
acre, translates to 7200 plants per acre
An increase in plant population results in
direct increase in yield, with right agronomy
50% increase means additional revenue of
Rs.35k crores, net income of Rs.25k crores
Changing habits would require enormous
amount of education and needs industry
push and government support.13
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Reaching Farmers through Extension
Private
Public-PrivatePartnerships
( PPP)
Public
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Product
development/
Marketing Teams
Extension
Workers
Government encourages PPPs and issued guidelines
under RKVY
The need today is to intensify Extension education by:
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Case: High density planting + PPP
Vidharbha
Objective: To Increase the Productivity and Production
of Cotton farmers by 50% in the Project.
Main Concept:- High Density Population
Formations of Effective Farmer SHGs
Use of Plant Growth Regulator.
Use of Integrated Nutrient Mgmt
Use of Integrated Pest Mgmt.
Post Harvest Management.
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Areas of Interventions
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Particulars Traditional MethodsUnder Public Private
Project
Plant Population Traditional spacingHigh Density closing
spacing
Micro nutrients RareApplied based on soil
testing
Plant Growth
Regulators
Not Applied
scientificallyApplied scientifically
Expert Assistance Not Available Timely Adviceavailable
Market linkageNot Available
Available
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Spacing and Plant Population
The above data is based on averages. The actual spacing / density has been adopted farmer-wise basedon the soil type and Water Availability. 17
District TalukaTraditional
spacing
(Ft)
PlantDensity
per acre
Spacingunder
PPP(Ft)
Plant
Density per
acre under
PPP
%
increase
of Plants
Popl.
Akola Akot 3*2 7293 3.5*1 12502 71%
Telhara 3*2 7293 3.5*1 12502 71%
Amaravati Daryapur 3*2 7293 3*1 14586 100%
Anjangaon
surji
3*2 7293 3*1 14586 100%
Buldhana Sangrampur 4*1.5 7293 3.5*1 12502 71%
Jalgoan
Jamod
3*1.5 9724 3.5*1 12502 28%
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PPP- Activities Done
Soil sample Testing of 1652 farmers and recommended use
of fertilizer dosage accordingly.
Distribution of Seed Packets -20,676 packets
Regular Visit of Technical team to Guide the Farmer .
Conducted Training Programs in Three stages.
Supply of Micronutrients to Farmers. -103 tonnes
Supply of Growth Regulators- 3800ltrs.
Distribution Liquid nutrients for Foliar spray of 12MT.
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Other Activities Done
93 Registered Farmer Groups were formed .
Voice Mail to all the Farmers regarding Time specific activities for
the Crop
Procurement of Kapas at Market Price at our Ginning and Pressing
mill at Hiwarkhed.
Ginning of Kapas of Farmers at our Ginning and Pressing mill.
Facilitating Storage of Bales of Farmers.
Arrangements with Banks HDFC bank, Yes bank and ICICI bank for
Warehouse receipt based funding for cotton bales of Farmers.
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PPP Project: Expected Yields
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District Taluka No. ofAcres
Last yearAvg.Yd(Qtls)
PresentAvg.Yd(Qtls)
% Increase
Akola Akot 3365 5.30 7.75 52%
Telhara 2573 5.28 6.48 45%
Buldhana Sangrampur 1924 5.30 8.43 60%
Jalgoan-Jamod 473 5.00 9.50 90%
Amravathi Daryapur 1290 4.91 7.50 45%
Anjangaon-
surji713 6.00 8.75 23%
Total 10338
Project
Average5.29 8.06 52%
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PPP in Maharashtra
Visit of Dr Sudhir Goel Principal Secy (Agri) Maharashtra
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Direct Seeded Rice (DSR)
Rationale:
5000 liters of water, a scarce resource, needed to produce
1 kg of Rice.
In India 66% of total available irrigation water used forrice cultivation.
Reduction of green house gases.
Improved fertilizer efficiency.
Amenability to mechanization. Reduction in cost of transplantation.
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Direct Seeded Rice Contd
Situation in India Some companies are promoting Direct seeded rice in
Punjab with large scale trials ( Eg: PEPSICO approx 10,000
acres).
In the Godavari delta of Andhra Pradesh ,several farmers
are adopting DSR technology ,primarily to counter the
labor shortage
Main Problem for large scale adoption
Farmers are flooding rice fields mainly to restrict weeds
The main problem in DSR is weed control, currently famers
are using pre emergence herbicides with limited success. 23
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DSR Experiment Stage 1
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DSR Experiment Stage 2
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DSR Experiment Stage 3
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Mechanization: Cotton Picking
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Cotton Picking Mechanization
Need : Labor availability becoming an issue
Cost of manual picking is becoming prohibitive
Increasing productivity will further enhance theseproblems.
@ of Rs. 8/kg - total outflow on picking is Rs.
14,000 crores.
Without mechanization cotton cultivation may
not remain feasible in a few years.
Opportunity to reduce contamination as well.
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Cotton Picking Mechanization
Requirements: Right Genotype for high density /
mechanized cotton farming
Developing suitable size machinery forsmall holdings for total farming from
sowing to picking
Investments in pre-cleaners in Gins Shift in marketing practices.
Farmer education Preparedness thru
extension 29
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Product Development
Procedure for quick release of new hybrids andvarieties- The procedure needs to be shortened
to a time period of 2 years for the release of new
hybrids & varieties.
Cost of regulatory testing should be nominal
Reduce restrictions on number of entries
Rationalize testing Products between Centre
(ICAR) and States (SAUs) Clear, uniform and consistent parameters for
identification of varieties for notification
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Price controls Price controls may reduce investments in R&D
Fiscal incentives:
Tax Exemptions Credit on soft terms for R&D investment
Duty free imports of equipment for Industry
Infrastructure building through nationwide
mission mode approach like TUFS etc.
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Price Controls and Incentives
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Subsidy
Uniformity across the States in Policy and
procedures
Provide Level play field for Private Sector as
given to public sector Give equal access to all popular products with
or without notification.
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Ideal Subsidy program
Karnataka/ AP model
Opportunity given to all seed companies with
valid registration
Farmers get complete choice
No issues in quality /performance so far
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Conclusion
Accelerated agricultural growth possiblethrough-
Genetic improvement for yield enhancement
including GM Appropriate agronomic practices
Efficient Extension Services
Enabling Government Policies
Farm mechanization
Uniform subsidy policy
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THANK YOU