Indian railways traffic control (4)

Presented by-Suraj kumar soni(27300313021)Purusottam singh(27300313012)

Manoj kisku(27300313009)Pintoo sharma(27300313010)

Vocational Training

Indian Railways Traffic control

EASTERN RAILWAY(HOWRAH DIVISION)

INTRODUCTION• Railways were first introduced to India in the year 1853 from

Mumbai to Thane.

• Its operations cover twenty nine states and seven union territories and also provides limited international services to Nepal , Bangladesh and Pakistan.

• Indian Railways is divided into 17 zones , which are further sub-divided into divisions.

Layout of Eastern Railways

TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL 

• Railway Control Circuits are omnibus telephone circuits which provide communication with each train working point, thus facilitating efficient train operation.

• They should provide satisfactory and reliable communication between the controller and the various way-side stations, important signal cabins, loco sheds, yard offices etc.

CONTROLLER’S EQUIPMENT: The control office equipment consists of operating console with DTMF code generator

and voice communication equipment.(i) The operating console with code generator has following facilities:

a)Standard DTMF Key Pad for calling 99 stations with two push button operation.(ii) The communication equipment consists of loudspeaker/microphone with amplifiers

and hand micro telephone and controller’s headset.

• WAY STATION EQUIPMENT: The way station equipment shall consist of

DTMF decoder which can be assigned any DTMF station code/group code selectable with DIP switches, voice communication equipment and 2-Wire/4-Wire desk type control telephone.

TYPES OF SIGNAL:1. BLOCK SIGNAL [Trains can collide with each other if they are not permitted to occupy the

same section of track at the same time, so railway lines are divided into sections known as blocks. In normal case, only one train is permitted in each block at a time.]

2. FIXED SIGNAL [In most railways, physical signals are erected at the lineside to indicate drivers whether the line ahead is occupied and to ensure that sufficient space exists between trains to allow them to stop.]

3. MECHANICAL SIGNAL [Older forms of signal displayed their different aspects by their physical position.]

4. COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL [in modern railways, colour light signals have largely replaced mechanical ones. Colour light signals have the advantage of displaying the same aspects by night as by day, and require less maintenance than mechanical signals. Eg: Green, Yellow, Red]

5. CAB SIGNAL [Cab signalling is a system that communicates signalling information into the train cab. between Drivers and Guard]

MTRC• Mobile Train Radio communication is a digital wireless network

based on GSM-R.[GSM-R, Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway

or GSM-Railway is an international wireless communications standard for railway communication and applications.]

• Designed on EIRENE (European Integrated Railway Radio Enhanced Network).

[A sub-system of European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), it is used for communication between train and railway regulation control centres. The system is based on GSM.]

• Indian railways has 20 channels for communication starting from 144.400 MHz to 151.450 MHz.

THE BASIC FEATURES OF GSM-R

• Point to Point call Allows user to make a distinct call.

• Voice Broadcast call Allows groups of user to receive common information.

• Voice Group call Allows groups of user to make calls within/among the groups.

• Emergency call Allows user to call controller during emergency.

Types of control system:

1. Section Control/Train Control2. Deputy Control3. Loco power Control4. S&T Control.5. Emergency Wireless Control

Communication

Communication system:

• The process of sending and receiving signal between two station through different medium in known as communication system.

• In communication system there are three essential components that should be consider.

1. Sender (Tx)2. Receiver (Rx) 3. Medium

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR RAILWAY

• Optical Systems• Microwave Systems• Wireless Media• Radio System• Telephone Systems• Passenger Information• Public Address Systems• Signal Post Telephones

Over Head communicationUnderground CommunicationMicrowave

CommunicationOptical

Communication

OVER HEAD COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSON:Microwave transmission refers to the technology of transmitting

information or energy by the use of electromagnetic waves whosewavelengths are conveniently measured in small

numbers of centimetre, these are called microwaves. This part of the radio spectrum ranges across frequencies of roughly 1.0 GHz to

30 GHz.

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION

Optical fiber communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical

fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information.

wokie tokies:-

Walkie-talkies are handheld, portable radios: they communicate wirelessly (using radio waves) on a single, shared frequency band. Each battery-powered unit contains a transmitter/receiver and antenna (for sending and receiving radio waves), a loudspeaker that often doubles up as a microphone when you talk into it, and a button that you "push-to-talk" (PTT)

VOICE LOGGER:-

Voice logging is the practice of regularly recording telephone conversations. Railway sectors which often do voice logging include public safety, every conversation between controller and station master is being recorded. Although voice logging is usually performed on conventional telephone lines, it is also frequently used for recording open microphones and for broadcast radio.

The equipment can also be used as a missed call monitor. VDRPU – Voice and Data Recording and Processing Unit forms the heart of this system

EMERGENCY-PORTABLE-CONTROL-TELEPHONES

This telephone provides inter communication between any way side point along the train

route and the controller. This can be connected through 6 Pin Socket located along

the Railway Track in 4 Wire side and 2 Wire side. The telephone has transmitter and receiver Speech Circuits. The telephone

works on 3V DC with the aid of 2 Nos. of 1.5 V dry cells.

PARTS OF RAILWAY COMMUNICATION

RAILNET

PRSPASSENGER

RESERVATION SYSTEM

UTSUNRESERVED

TICKETING SERVICEP.A. SYSTEM

IVRSINTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSE SYSTEM