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• Parliamentary form of government
• Rule of law
• Procedure established by Law
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• Charter of Fundamental Rights • Federal structure of government • Electoral Collage • independence of the judiciary • Judicial review
• Directive principles of state policy
• Concurrent List • Joint sitting of the Parliament
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• Ideals of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity
• A quasi-federal form of government a federal system with a strong central government
• The idea of Residuary Powers with centre • Fundamental Duties (Art. 51-A) on the recommendations of Sardar swaran Singh Committee 1976)
• Emergency Provision from Weimar Constitution
•Amendment of Constitution from South Africa
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• Indian Constitution is the lengthiest in the world in terms of the number of articles. Originally, at the time of being adopted, it consisted of 395 articles but after 97 amendments (2012), it presently has more than 440 articles. There are 12 Schedules to amplify and support the contents in the Articles.
• The Constitution of India adopts Parliamentary system of democracy in order to represent the pluralist tradition and interests of the country.
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Constitution has many features that commit the country to a welfare State. The Preamble to the Constitution was amended in 1976 (Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976) to insert the goal of socialism. Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV) aim at the establishment of a Welfare State in India. Progressive taxation, developmental interventions like the various flagship programmes of the government (MGNREGS), nationalization of banks in 1969 and 1980, land reforms and various subsidies are meant to establish a welfare state. Affirmative action (positive discrimination) by the Government in favour of the socially marginalised like dalits is an important aspect of the welfare state.
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State has no official religion
State and religion are separate
State has an equidistant policy towards all religions
All individuals have the right to pursue the religion of their choice
Indian Constitution provides for a single integrated judiciary headed by the Supreme Court. Each state, or a group of them, has a High Court with administrative control over the subordinate judiciary (district and below).
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The Constitution provides for Universal Adult Franchise. The citizens of India who are 18 years of age and above have been granted the right to vote irrespective of any qualification pertaining to education, possession of property or payment of income tax.
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