Our Strength and Our Endeavour Our Strength and Our Endeavour Our Strength and Our Endeavour Our Strength and Our Endeavour Our Strength and Our Endeavour Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide 34,474* clubs in more than 219* Countries; approximately 12,05,887* members. (* as on March, 2014) India India India India India Approx. 3280* Rotary Clubs with 1,24, 764* members along with 859 Innerwheel clubs with their 21,398 members.(* as on February 2014 ) Efforts At a Glance Efforts At a Glance Efforts At a Glance Efforts At a Glance Efforts At a Glance 1979 : Rotary makes a 5 year pledge to immunize six million chil- dren in the Philippines against Polio under the 3H grant of 6 million $. 1985 : Rotary launches its most ambitious program: PolioPlus 1986 : Rotary International provides US $2.6 million grant to Tamil Nadu for Polio Vaccine. 1987 : Rotarians around the world raise US $246 million in PolioPlus funds, twice the initial goal of US $120 million for the purchase of vaccine for a five year term 1988 : World Health Assembly resolves to eradicate Polio from the world: Target 2000 Polio Free World
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INDIA - POLIO ERADICATION FIGURES - Rotary International Operation manual inside 2014-15 final
These are the latest figures in the worldwide effort to eradicate polio. Rotary International has since 1988 spent millions of dollars to make this dream a reality. To learn more of this effort please visit our site and be a part of history: http://thisclose.endpolio.org/en
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Our Strength and Our EndeavourOur Strength and Our EndeavourOur Strength and Our EndeavourOur Strength and Our EndeavourOur Strength and Our Endeavour
WorldwideWorldwideWorldwideWorldwideWorldwide
34,474* clubs in more than 219* Countries; approximately12,05,887* members. (* as on March, 2014)
IndiaIndiaIndiaIndiaIndia
Approx. 3280* Rotary Clubs with 1,24, 764* members alongwith 859 Innerwheel clubs with their 21,398 members.(* as onFebruary 2014 )
Efforts At a GlanceEfforts At a GlanceEfforts At a GlanceEfforts At a GlanceEfforts At a Glance
1979 : Rotary makes a 5 year pledge to immunize six million chil-dren in the Philippines against Polio under the 3H grant of6 million $.
1985 : Rotary launches its most ambitious program: PolioPlus
1986 : Rotary International provides US $2.6 million grant to TamilNadu for Polio Vaccine.
1987 : Rotarians around the world raise US $246 million inPolioPlus funds, twice the initial goal of US $120 million forthe purchase of vaccine for a five year term
1988 : World Health Assembly resolves to eradicate Polio fromthe world: Target 2000 Polio Free World
Pulse Polio immunization programme launched in Delhi in 1994and then across India in 1995.
Raised US $135 million in 2003-04 against the target of US $80million.
Rotary played a major role in decision by donor Govts. to contributemore than US $ 8 billion to the support.
More - than 1.0 Million Rotarians as volunteers
Hundres of Thousands of Volunteers Mobilised
Largest Internationally coordinated project in peace time
2012 : Raised US$ 228 million against Bill & Melinda Gates Foun-dation challenge grant of US$ 200 million
Rotary’s contribution worldwide more than US $ 1.2 billion (Rs.6000crore @ 50)
Rotary in September 2012 committed US$ 75 million over 3 years.
Rotary apart from its own contribution helped raise more than $ 8Billion [Rs.40,000 crores] from donor Government for the cause.
Rotary International’s contribution to the Global Polio EradicationInitiative since 1988 accounts for nearly 12% of all contributions tothe global budget through 2010 and represents approximately 51%of private sector contributions to the Initiative
Cost to the programme per Rotarian World wide is US$ 990(Rs. 49521)
(Rotarians World wide - 1.21 million)
The annual expenditure in India for the PolioPlus campaign is overRs. 1400 Crores
Govt. of India has invested US$ 2 billion in the campaign so far.
Per day cost of the Programme is Rs. 3.8 Crore
Rotary’s India Contribution is approx. Rs. 890 crores(US $ 178 million)
Cost to the programme per Rotarian in India is Rs. 71300 (US$1426) (Rotarians in India – 1,24,764)
A Child can be protected against Polio for as little asUS$ 0.60 cents [INR 30*] worth of vaccine.
supported UNICEF in India till Dec. 2013, US$ 71.42 million.
supported WHO in India till Dec. 2013, US$ 69.74 million.
Millions of dollars “IN KIND” and personal contributions through Cluband Districts.
Fundraising Partnership with Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation:Fundraising Partnership with Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation:Fundraising Partnership with Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation:Fundraising Partnership with Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation:Fundraising Partnership with Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation:
In June 2013, Rotary International and the Gates Foundation announceda fundraising partnership that could generate up to US$525 million innew money for polio eradication. Under the new fundraising agreement,announced the Gates Foundation will match 2 for 1 every new dollarRotary commits to polio eradication up to $35 million per year through2018.
Gains of PolioPlus ProgrammeGains of PolioPlus ProgrammeGains of PolioPlus ProgrammeGains of PolioPlus ProgrammeGains of PolioPlus Programme
122 nations benefitted for PolioPlus grants
Over 7.0 Million saved from Polio since 1988
Over 2.0 Billion of children vaccinated
Annual global savings of $ 1 billion in 25 years
1988 : 10% Children lived in Polio free countries
2012: 90% of children live in Polio Free Countries.134 countriesdeclared Polio Free
210 Countries free of Indigenous Polio
• Implementation of Effective Disease Surveillance system
• Dependable Cold Chain introduced for preservation of Vaccines
• Immunization Culture established in the world
1994 : First Pulse Polio Immunization Drive launched in Delhi. 1.4 millionchildren (0-3 years) immunised.
1995-96 : First National Immunization Day (NID); 88 million children(0-3 years) immunised.
1996-97 : Second NID; 127 million children ( 0-5 years) immunized.
1997-98 : Third NID; 130 million children immunized.1998-99 : Fourth NID; 136 million children immunised.
1999-00 : Intensified strategy introduced with Four Sub NIDs and TwoNIDs. 149 million children immunized.
‘House-to-House’ Immunization introduced.
2000-01 : Two Sub NIDs and two NIDs followed by ‘House-to-House’Immunization; 159 million children immunized.
Emphasis laid on Routine Immunization.
Extensive Mop-Up campaign introduced.
2001-02 : Two NIDs and one Sub NID followed by ‘House-to-House’Immunization ; 163 million children immunised.
2002-03 : Two NIDs and two Sub NIDs followed by ‘House-to-House’Immunization.
2003-04 : Two NIDs and four Sub NIDs followed by House-to-HouseImmunisation; 168 million children immunized.
2004 : Five NIDs, one Sub NID, House-to-House Immunisation andlarge scale mop-ups conducted successfully; 169 millionchildren immunized.
2005 : Two NIDs and six Sub NIDs followed by House-to-HouseImmunization undertaken; 170 million children immunized.
2006 : Two NIDs and six Sub NIDs followed by House-to-HouseImmunization undertaken; 177 million children immunized.
2007 : Two NIDs and Six Sub NIDs followed by House-to-HouseImmunization undertaken. Monovalent Vaccine Introduced.
2008 : Three NIDs and Six Sub NIDs, followed by House-to-Houseand mop-ups.
2009 : One NID and Nine Sub NIDs, followed by House-to-Houseand mop-ups.
2010 : Two NIDs and Ten Sub NIDs, followed by House-to-Houseand mop-ups. Bivalent Vaccine introduced.
2011 : Two NIDs and Six Sub NIDs, followed by House-to-Houseand mop-ups wherever required as per IEAG recommenda-tion.
2012 : Two NIDs and Four Sub NIDs, followed by House-to-Houseand mop-ups wherever required as per IEAG recommenda-tion.
On 26 May 2012, the World Health Assembly declaredending polio “programmatic emergency for global publichealth”.
2013 : Two NIDs and Four Sub NIDs, followed by House-to-Houseand mop-ups wherever required as per IEAG recommenda-tion.
2014 : Two NIDs and three Sub NIDs, followed by house-to-houseand mop-ups wherever required as per IEAG recommenda-tion.
Immunization activities - 2014-15Immunization activities - 2014-15Immunization activities - 2014-15Immunization activities - 2014-15Immunization activities - 2014-15(Proposed by IEAG)(Proposed by IEAG)(Proposed by IEAG)(Proposed by IEAG)(Proposed by IEAG)
Maps: Global Polio Status 1988 / 2014Maps: Global Polio Status 1988 / 2014Maps: Global Polio Status 1988 / 2014Maps: Global Polio Status 1988 / 2014Maps: Global Polio Status 1988 / 2014
Global Polio Status – 2014Global Polio Status – 2014Global Polio Status – 2014Global Polio Status – 2014Global Polio Status – 2014(as on 4 March - 2014)(as on 4 March - 2014)(as on 4 March - 2014)(as on 4 March - 2014)(as on 4 March - 2014)
India Polio Status - 2014India Polio Status - 2014India Polio Status - 2014India Polio Status - 2014India Polio Status - 2014(as on 4 March 2014)(as on 4 March 2014)(as on 4 March 2014)(as on 4 March 2014)(as on 4 March 2014)
20142014201420142014 28 cases 28 cases 28 cases 28 cases 28 cases (as on 4th March 2014)(as on 4th March 2014)(as on 4th March 2014)(as on 4th March 2014)(as on 4th March 2014)
Last wild poliovirus cases by type, IndiaLast wild poliovirus cases by type, IndiaLast wild poliovirus cases by type, IndiaLast wild poliovirus cases by type, IndiaLast wild poliovirus cases by type, India
No New CaseNo New CaseNo New CaseNo New CaseNo New CaseReportedReportedReportedReportedReported
No New CaseNo New CaseNo New CaseNo New CaseNo New CaseReportedReportedReportedReportedReported
No New CaseNo New CaseNo New CaseNo New CaseNo New CaseReportedReportedReportedReportedReported
01 case in 0101 case in 0101 case in 0101 case in 0101 case in 01revenue districtrevenue districtrevenue districtrevenue districtrevenue district (P1-01) district (P1-01) district (P1-01) district (P1-01) district (P1-01) district
Major milestones - IndiaMajor milestones - IndiaMajor milestones - IndiaMajor milestones - IndiaMajor milestones - India
Rotary celebrates certification of Polio Free IndiaRotary celebrates certification of Polio Free IndiaRotary celebrates certification of Polio Free IndiaRotary celebrates certification of Polio Free IndiaRotary celebrates certification of Polio Free India
2014 is a landmark year in the history of the Polio campaign in India andthe world.
The South East Asia Regional Certification Commission for Polio Eradica-tion met on 26 & 27 March, 2014 and certified the South East AsiaRegion as defined by WHO – of which India is a part – as Polio Free.Bangladesh, Bhutan, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Indonesia,Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Srilanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste, are the othercountries of the region.
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
POLIO FREE CONCLAVE 2014 - POLIO FREE CONCLAVE 2014 - POLIO FREE CONCLAVE 2014 - POLIO FREE CONCLAVE 2014 - POLIO FREE CONCLAVE 2014 - Rotary celebrates the regional Polio-free certification with a grand event on 29-30 March 2014 in New Delhi,India.
“Global Certification: An independent commission will consider globalcertification when no wild polio virus associated cases have occurred for atleast three years, in the presence of certification-standard surveillance,and all wild poliomyelitis stocks have been appropriately contained all overthe world.”
India has made polio vaccination a requirement for people comingfrom and travelling to seven polio-affected countries - Afghanistan,Ethiopia, Israel, Kenya, Somalia, Nigeria and Pakistan.
All travellers coming from and going to these countries will be re-quired to take oral polio vaccine (OPV) six weeks before their depar-ture from their country and carry a certificate as proof of vaccina-tion.
The new polio immunization regime for travellers came into effectfrom 30 January 2014. The Indian embassies in the seven coun-tries have shared this information widely to enable travelers to takeOPV.
The measure was taken to prevent poliovirus importationThe measure was taken to prevent poliovirus importationThe measure was taken to prevent poliovirus importationThe measure was taken to prevent poliovirus importationThe measure was taken to prevent poliovirus importationinto India from polio-affected countriesinto India from polio-affected countriesinto India from polio-affected countriesinto India from polio-affected countriesinto India from polio-affected countries
National Immunizat ion Schedule for Infants, Chi ldren and PregnantNat ional Immunizat ion Schedule for Infants, Chi ldren and PregnantNat ional Immunizat ion Schedule for Infants, Chi ldren and PregnantNat ional Immunizat ion Schedule for Infants, Chi ldren and PregnantNat ional Immunizat ion Schedule for Infants, Chi ldren and PregnantWomenWomenWomenWomenWomen
Vaccine Vaccine Vaccine Vaccine Vaccine When to giveWhen to giveWhen to giveWhen to giveWhen to give DoseDoseDoseDoseDose RouteRouteRouteRouteRoute Site Site Site Site Site
For Pregnant WomenFor Pregnant WomenFor Pregnant WomenFor Pregnant WomenFor Pregnant Women
At birth or as early as 2 drops Oral Oralpossible with in thefirst 15 days.
At 6 weeks, 10 weeks & 2 drops Oral Oral14 weeks (OPV can begiven till 5 years of age)
Penta Vaccine in selected statesPenta Vaccine in selected statesPenta Vaccine in selected statesPenta Vaccine in selected statesPenta Vaccine in selected states
DPT 1,2DPT 1,2DPT 1,2DPT 1,2DPT 1,2
& 3& 3& 3& 3& 3
At 6 weeks, 10 weeks &14 weeks (DPT can begiven up to 7 years of age)
0.5 ml Intra-muscular Antero-lateralside of mid-thigh
[Only in states where DPT is given][Only in states where DPT is given][Only in states where DPT is given][Only in states where DPT is given][Only in states where DPT is given]
Hepat i t isHepat i t isHepat i t isHepat i t isHepat i t isB 1 , 2 & 3B 1 , 2 & 3B 1 , 2 & 3B 1 , 2 & 3B 1 , 2 & 3
At 6 weeks, 10 weeks &14 weeks (can be giventill one year of age)
0.5 ml Intra-muscular Antero-lateralside of mid-thigh
For ChildrenFor ChildrenFor ChildrenFor ChildrenFor Children
DPT booster-1DPT booster-1DPT booster-1DPT booster-1DPT booster-1 16-24 months 0.5 ml Intra-muscular Antero-lateralside of mid-thigh
Measles 2Measles 2Measles 2Measles 2Measles 2ndndndndnd 16-24 months 0.5 ml Sub-cutaneous Right upperdosedosedosedosedose Arm
JapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapanese 16-24 months 0.5 ml Sub-cutaneous Left UpperEncephalitis**Encephalitis**Encephalitis**Encephalitis**Encephalitis** Arm
Vitamin A***Vitamin A***Vitamin A***Vitamin A***Vitamin A*** 16 months. Then, one 2 ml(2 lakh IU) Oral Oral(2nd to 9th(2nd to 9th(2nd to 9th(2nd to 9th(2nd to 9th dose every 6 monthsdose)dose)dose)dose)dose) up to the age of 5 years.
DPT Booster-2DPT Booster-2DPT Booster-2DPT Booster-2DPT Booster-2 5-6 years 0.5 ml. Intra-muscular Upper Arm
TTTTTTTTTT 10 years & 16 years 0.5 ml Intra-muscular Upper Arm
* Give TT-2 or Booster doses before 36 weeks of pregnancy. However, givethese even if more than 36 weeks have passed.Give TT to a woman in labour, if she has not previously received TT.
** JE Vaccine is introduced in select endemic districts after the campaign.*** The 2nd to 9th doses of Vitamin A can be administered to children 1-5 years old
during biannual rounds, in collaboration with ICDS.**** Pentavalent vaccine is introduced in place of DPT and HepB 1, 2 and 3 in
Pulse Polio Immunisation on NIDs/SNIDsPulse Polio Immunisation on NIDs/SNIDsPulse Polio Immunisation on NIDs/SNIDsPulse Polio Immunisation on NIDs/SNIDsPulse Polio Immunisation on NIDs/SNIDs
The number of AFP cases reported each year is used as an indicator of acountry’s ability to detect polio – even in countries where the disease nolonger occurs. A country’s surveillance system needs to be sensitive enoughto detect at least one case of AFP for every 100 000 children under 15 –even in the absence of polio.
We Rotarians in India Commit:We Rotarians in India Commit:We Rotarians in India Commit:We Rotarians in India Commit:We Rotarians in India Commit:
To vigorously pursue our incessant efforts hand in hand with govern-ments and other organizations towards eradication of Polio and seekthe help of one and all to reach out to every child of the prescribedage to get Polio drops and to achieve the benchmark of a certifiedPolio free world.
To strengthen the routine immunization so that every childTo strengthen the routine immunization so that every childTo strengthen the routine immunization so that every childTo strengthen the routine immunization so that every childTo strengthen the routine immunization so that every childborn receives the required doses of Polio vaccine at regu-born receives the required doses of Polio vaccine at regu-born receives the required doses of Polio vaccine at regu-born receives the required doses of Polio vaccine at regu-born receives the required doses of Polio vaccine at regu-lar intervals.lar intervals.lar intervals.lar intervals.lar intervals.
To engage in the service of humanity with all resources at our com-mand to ensure a Polio free world.
To support the Rotarians of the Polio endemic countries to seek Po-lio free status for their respective countries.
To continue our collaboration with renewed spirit with the govern-ments and our partners agencies to redeem our pledge to the chil-dren of the world to give them a Polio free world.
ROLE OF ROTARY IN POLIO ERADICATIONROLE OF ROTARY IN POLIO ERADICATIONROLE OF ROTARY IN POLIO ERADICATIONROLE OF ROTARY IN POLIO ERADICATIONROLE OF ROTARY IN POLIO ERADICATION
ROTARY DISTRICT LEVELROTARY DISTRICT LEVELROTARY DISTRICT LEVELROTARY DISTRICT LEVELROTARY DISTRICT LEVEL
Rotary District Administration should have an effective District PolioPlus Committee and a Routine Immunization Committee consisting ofrepresentatives from every zone / revenue District and charged withPolio eradication & Routine Immunization activities as the top priorityagenda. Assistant Governors must be actively involved in theprogramme. All the four pillars of Polio eradication, namely: RoutineImmunization, NIDs, AFP Surveillance and Mop up Immunization shouldbe focused.
ADVOCACYADVOCACYADVOCACYADVOCACYADVOCACY
POLITICALPOLITICALPOLITICALPOLITICALPOLITICAL
Confer regularly with the top political leaders including Chief Min-ister and other important ministers of the state cabinet in chargeof health and family welfare, education, urban development,panchayat raj etc; chiefs of all political parties, corporation May-ors, Zilla Panchayat Presidents.
Recognize political leaders who have made significant contribu-tion to the programme.
Get the Pulse polio programme launched by the Chief Minister ofthe state or an equally important personality.
Confer with administrative heads like Principal Health Secretary,Mission Directors of National Rural Health Mission, State andDistrict Immunization Officers, District Magistrates, CEOs of ZillaPanchayats, Corporation Commissioners etc.
Impress upon the administration the urgency of filling vacanciesin health administration at different levels.
The State/District task forces for pulse polio & Routine immuni-zation to be made functional. The Asst.Governors/Revenue Dis-trict Coordinators should take the initiative in this regard andinvite themselves to the task force meetings.
The District Governor/Asst Governor/Revenue District Coordi-nator to meet the concerned officials at different levels and es-tablish an effective coordination between Rotary and the Govern-ment administration.
Recognize outstanding bureaucrats.
RELIGIOUSRELIGIOUSRELIGIOUSRELIGIOUSRELIGIOUS
Regular interaction with religious leaders of all faiths in generaland resistant communities in particular.
Hold special workshops for religious leaders.
Sponsor appeals from religious leaders supporting / promotingthe programme.
Recognise helpful religious leaders.
THROUGH MEDIA (PRINT & ELECTRONIC)THROUGH MEDIA (PRINT & ELECTRONIC)THROUGH MEDIA (PRINT & ELECTRONIC)THROUGH MEDIA (PRINT & ELECTRONIC)THROUGH MEDIA (PRINT & ELECTRONIC)
Involve representatives of the media including editors of newspapers and other opinion makers effectively.
PolioPlus Workshops at different levels: Rotary District, RevenueDistrict / Zonal for Rotary leaders and Partners in Service. Dis-trict Governor and DPPC and District Routine Immunization Co-ordinator must attend these workshops and motivate Rotarianseffectively.
Social Mobilization: Special PolioPlus workshops for elected rep-resentatives, Medical Practitioners, teachers, health workers,religious leaders, labour organizations, Mahila mandals, youthclubs, self help groups and all those who can contribute to thesuccess of the programme.
Publications / Communications: GML and all communications tohave a strong message on Polio including updated Polio incidencescoreboard.
Special motivational letters to be addressed to Club leaders priorto NIDs and SNIDs.
All modes of communication including SMS to be effectively usedfor motivation of the Rotary parivar.
Consider recognition of Rotary families active in Polio eradica-Consider recognition of Rotary families active in Polio eradica-Consider recognition of Rotary families active in Polio eradica-Consider recognition of Rotary families active in Polio eradica-Consider recognition of Rotary families active in Polio eradica-tion activities. Special District awards for outstanding Rotarytion activities. Special District awards for outstanding Rotarytion activities. Special District awards for outstanding Rotarytion activities. Special District awards for outstanding Rotarytion activities. Special District awards for outstanding Rotaryfamilies may be considered.families may be considered.families may be considered.families may be considered.families may be considered.
The District PolioPlus Committee & District Routine Immunization com-mittee must be charged with effective implementation of the programmeat different levels.
Coordination with Partner agencies: NPSP-WHO, UNICEF andthe GOVERNMENT and specify the roles of each of them at differ-ent levels. Task force meetings provide the forum for this.
IEC: Production and distribution of all publicity materials [Banners,Posters, vertical boards, caps, aprons, whistles, audio cassettes/CDs etc;] to Clubs and ensure proper utilization.
Positive media coverage through press conferences, press re-leases, Television, Radio including FM Channels, Advertisements,Rallies, Rath Yatras, Hoardings, Tableaux etc; Counter negativeand hostile news about the programme.
ROTARY CLUB LEVELROTARY CLUB LEVELROTARY CLUB LEVELROTARY CLUB LEVELROTARY CLUB LEVEL
Every Rotary Club must constitute a core group of Rotarians to ensureeffective implementation of all aspects of Polio Eradication programme.Every club should have a separate committee to ensure effective imple-mentation of Routine immunization.
ADVOCACYADVOCACYADVOCACYADVOCACYADVOCACY
MAKE POLIO ERADICATION A PEOPLE’S PROGRAMMEMAKE POLIO ERADICATION A PEOPLE’S PROGRAMMEMAKE POLIO ERADICATION A PEOPLE’S PROGRAMMEMAKE POLIO ERADICATION A PEOPLE’S PROGRAMMEMAKE POLIO ERADICATION A PEOPLE’S PROGRAMME
POLITICALPOLITICALPOLITICALPOLITICALPOLITICAL
Involve the local political leaders including M.P., M.L.A., Corpora-tors, Municipal Councillors, Zilla/Taluk /Village Panchayat Mem-bers, labour leaders and all those who can influence the commu-nity in the programme. Sponsor appeals by local political leadersfor NID through Handbills, local newspapers, and local radio sta-tions. Institute Polio awards on the lines of Vocational awards foroutstanding support.
Confer with the local administration [health and general] and de-fine the roles of each.
The Task Force [both Pulse Polio and routine immunization]must be activated. Attend the task force meetings and help inmapping communication gaps and other deficiencies and evolvearea specific social mobilization strategies.
Micro planning should be reviewed.
Recognize important bureaucrats by special polio awards.
RELIGIOUSRELIGIOUSRELIGIOUSRELIGIOUSRELIGIOUS
Regular interaction with religious leaders of all faiths in general andresistant communities in particular. Hold special workshops for religiousleaders and involve them in planning. Motivate religious leadersto issue appeals for immunization. Local Imams to appeal duringFriday prayers and every day from the mosques. Encourage reli-gious leaders to refute false rumors and myths. Recognise lead-ers supporting the programme.
Rotarians must be motivated throughout the year through backdrop banners atClub meetings and a message on Polio in every communication of the Club like clubbulletins.
Club level workshop [One month before the NID] to motivate ev-ery Rotary family for the programme. Role and responsibility ofeach Rotarian must be identified in this workshop. Partners inService, Government officers, teachers, Representatives fromMadrasas, NSS, to be invited for the workshop.
Social mobilization: Special workshops for religious leaders, medi-cal practitioners, elected representatives, labour organizations,Self Help Groups, Mahila Mandals, Youth Clubs to be organized toinvolve them in the programme.
Motivate teachers, religious leaders, local dadas, Youth Club mem-bers, labour leaders, faith and traditional healers, Presidents ofResident Welfare Associations, all elected representatives of thearea and any influential person of the area to participate in thecampaign.
Publicity: Rallies, Rath yatras, Hoardings, Tableaux, Mike announce-ments etc.
Organise special publicity at Festivals, exhibitions and all publicgatherings
Positive media coverage: Press, TV, local cable network, radio tobe utilized effectively
Initiate immediate response to hostile and negative pub-Initiate immediate response to hostile and negative pub-Initiate immediate response to hostile and negative pub-Initiate immediate response to hostile and negative pub-Initiate immediate response to hostile and negative pub-l ic ityl ic ityl ic ityl ic ityl ic ity
Ultimately it is the individual Rotary Club which implements the programme andreaches the community. The goal should be 100% immunization with 100%participation.
BEFORE THE NID/SNIDBEFORE THE NID/SNIDBEFORE THE NID/SNIDBEFORE THE NID/SNIDBEFORE THE NID/SNID
Identify the area of operation of each Club and identify the Immu-nization Booths in the area. Mark High Risk Areas within theterritory selected by the Club. Involve all agencies to ensure inten-sive coverage of HRAs.
Publicize the programme by effective use of IEC Materials: Ban-ners at the booths, Vertical boards and posters on the road lead-ing to the booth, audio cassettes / CDs for repeated miking, cin-ema slides and door - to - door campaign by volunteers.
Focus on High Risk Areas and design special campaigns.
Identify migratory and out of reach communities including transitpoints and plan to cover them.
Fix individual Rotarians in charge of the Booths and transit points.
Coordinate with the partner agencies at every stage and sharethe responsibility.
Associate the Rotary families.
BOOTH DAYBOOTH DAYBOOTH DAYBOOTH DAYBOOTH DAY
Create a festive atmosphere in the booths.
Encourage volunteers to visit houses in the area for a house - to-house Canvassing.
Encourage launching of the booths by local leaders.
Ensure cold chain is maintained. Vaccine Vial Monitors (VVM) is agood guide for the functioning of the cold chain.
Convince people to bring the children to the booths by intensivecampaigning.
Make sure booths open on time and function till late in the evening.
Ensure adequate vaccine supply at all times. Proper networking isnecessary.
Monitor maintenance of records and proper finger marking.
Inform parents about the next NID and also the importance ofroutine immunization.
Provide transport support wherever necessary.
Provide refreshments / food packets to the vaccinators and vol-unteers if necessary.
Make sure all transit points and migratory populations are cov-ered.
Associate the Rotary families.
For Bihar - Guidelines for booth activities are not relevant since there are noimmunization booths. Rotary clubs and Rotarians will have to focus their attentionon High Risk Areas, resistant families and pockets and persuade them to acceptimmunization. Cold chain maintenance has to be supported wherever necessary.
Ensure that micro plans of the area are available with the vaccinators.
Assist in transport, maintenance of cold chain, vaccine supply.
Ensure proper marking of the houses [P. X etc;] and conversionof X houses.
Help in overcoming resistance.
Make sure all High Risk Areas are properly covered.
Associate RCCs, Rotractors/Interactors and local NGOs.
AFTER THE BOOTH DAYAFTER THE BOOTH DAYAFTER THE BOOTH DAYAFTER THE BOOTH DAYAFTER THE BOOTH DAY
Hold feedback meetings and plan for the next NID/SNID.
Publicize success stories in the media and Rotary communica-tions like GML, and share the same with INPPC and the localofficers.
Arrange special recognitions for sincere workers and volunteers.
MOP UP AND OUTBREAK RESPONE IMMUNIZATIONSMOP UP AND OUTBREAK RESPONE IMMUNIZATIONSMOP UP AND OUTBREAK RESPONE IMMUNIZATIONSMOP UP AND OUTBREAK RESPONE IMMUNIZATIONSMOP UP AND OUTBREAK RESPONE IMMUNIZATIONS
Basically the same plan of action as detailed above should be implemented.
Emphasize importance of surveillance in Polio eradication strat-egy.
Encourage Rotarians to spread the message of AFP Surveillancein the Community.
Incorporate the AFP Surveillance activity in all communicationsand IEC materials.
ROLE OF REVENUE DISTRICT COORDINATORS IN POLIOROLE OF REVENUE DISTRICT COORDINATORS IN POLIOROLE OF REVENUE DISTRICT COORDINATORS IN POLIOROLE OF REVENUE DISTRICT COORDINATORS IN POLIOROLE OF REVENUE DISTRICT COORDINATORS IN POLIOERADICATIONERADICATIONERADICATIONERADICATIONERADICATION
It is the responsibility of RDCs to ensure proper implementation of all theactivities.
Organize revenue District PolioPlus and Routine Immunizationworkshops.
Attend Task force meetings and coordinate with the Governmentand other partners. Communicate with the Clubs on the deci-sions taken at the task force meetings.
Ensure proper usage of publicity materials supplied by the NationalCommittee.
Allocate areas / booths to different clubs in the area. All HRAs to becovered.
Provide updated information on all polio matters to the Clubs.
In Pursuance of the Delhi Commitment made at Polio SummitIn Pursuance of the Delhi Commitment made at Polio SummitIn Pursuance of the Delhi Commitment made at Polio SummitIn Pursuance of the Delhi Commitment made at Polio SummitIn Pursuance of the Delhi Commitment made at Polio Summit2012 (25-26 Feb) each Rotary District Must focus on Routine2012 (25-26 Feb) each Rotary District Must focus on Routine2012 (25-26 Feb) each Rotary District Must focus on Routine2012 (25-26 Feb) each Rotary District Must focus on Routine2012 (25-26 Feb) each Rotary District Must focus on RoutineImmunizationImmunizationImmunizationImmunizationImmunization
For this, a formal Routine Immunization Structure is essential :
• Appoint a dedicated Routine Immunization Coordinator at theRotary District Level.
• Appoint dedicated Routine Immunization coordinators at theRevenue District level (RDC).
Each Club President should:
• Appoint dedicated Routine Immunization co-coordinators at theClub level
Routine Immunization Training SessionsRoutine Immunization Training SessionsRoutine Immunization Training SessionsRoutine Immunization Training SessionsRoutine Immunization Training Sessions
Each Rotary District should organize a R.I. Training Workshopfor all RDCs and Club coordinators.
Rapport with Government and PartnersRapport with Government and PartnersRapport with Government and PartnersRapport with Government and PartnersRapport with Government and Partners
The Rotary District, RDC and Clubs must work in close collaboration with local Govt.officials, WHO and UNICEF.
The following activities are suggested by Club Coordinator:-
Identify weak Routine Immunization areas & plan activities toimprove upon the areas.
Find out planned R.I. Sessions in each area from CMO/DIO/M&IC
The R.I. Session is held and planned. The Session is held for the designated hours. There were adequate syringes. There were sufficient vaccines for all the diseases. The Cold-Chain was maintained. There was wide publicity in the area to highlight that R.I.
Session is planned. Ensure all children are vaccinated. Immunization card is maintained and handed over to parents. Next immunization / vaccination is informed to the parent.
The above are only general guidelines. Each Rotary Club / District is encouraged toevolve area specific strategies with the ultimate aim of 100 % Immunization.
India National PolioPlus Committee’s Communication/SocialIndia National PolioPlus Committee’s Communication/SocialIndia National PolioPlus Committee’s Communication/SocialIndia National PolioPlus Committee’s Communication/SocialIndia National PolioPlus Committee’s Communication/SocialMobilisation StrategyMobilisation StrategyMobilisation StrategyMobilisation StrategyMobilisation Strategy
Political Advocacy at national, state, revenue district and blocklevels.
Formation of Muslim Ulema Committee in U.P. comprising ofsenior Muslim scholars (including a doctor from Aligarh MuslimUniversity Medical College) and religious leaders to address is-sues of resistance amongst Muslim population and appeal Mus-lim parents to immunize their children against Polio. Trustee TRF& Member IPPC Ashok Mahajan is the Chairman of this Commit-tee.
Dissemination of information & distribution of Information Educa-tion and Communication material.
Use of Audio-Visual Medium; local Radio channels, local cable net-work, films, slide shows, playing of audio cassettes.
Use of Traditional Media including street theatre (nukkad natak),puppet shows and other traditional media.
Encouraging community participation to encourage communityleaders and medical practitioners to take action.
Involving local Schools, Colleges and Universities, other Educa-tional Institutions, Women’s Organisations and Corporate Sec-tor participation.
Involving religious leaders and opinion makers.
Organising events such as, film screening, plays and seminarson polio.
Involving celebrities in the Polio eradication cause .
Regular media participation and coverage for a positive impact.
Workshop activities/seminars to bring new advocates on board.
Recognising health officials for outstanding performance.
Forming committee of underserved community members to ad-dress their issues.
Strategies successfully employed by the India National PolioPlusStrategies successfully employed by the India National PolioPlusStrategies successfully employed by the India National PolioPlusStrategies successfully employed by the India National PolioPlusStrategies successfully employed by the India National PolioPlusCommittee in the past:Committee in the past:Committee in the past:Committee in the past:Committee in the past:
Launching an IEC blitzkrieg on a massive scale on each NID/SNIDincluding distribution of banners, posters, leaflets, sunshades, T-shirts,face masks, whistles, slides, hoardings, vertical boards, audiocassettes, Pencil et al.
Special initiatives in U.P. - Interpersonal Communication throughVillage Volunteers Network.
Air-dropping of IEC material from helicopters.
Involving celebrities from the entertainment world along with In-dian Cricket/ Tennis Stars.
INPPC has been instrumental in involving Indian and Pakistanicricketers for the cause.
Media Campaign involving Bollywood celebrities, their messageson polio were aired on TV channels across the country.
Conducting Media Workshop in the endemic districts of U.P.
Extensive Print Media Campaign.
Advocacy with Foreign Ambassadors.
Rotary Polio Sena: Mobilising school children.
Rotary Polio Sa-re-gama: weekly program on FM Delhi.
Broadcast of spots on All India Radio in UP with polio messages ofMuslim scholars, parents of polio victims and Bollywood celebri-ties.
Rotary Road shows - Rotary Polio Video vans showing films onPolio.
Rotary rallies and organizing childrens’ marches prior to NIDs/SNIDs to create awareness.
Involving Educational Institutions like Aligarh Muslim University,Jamia Hamdard University and Jamia Millia Islamia University.
Conducted Polio Corrective Surgery & Rehabilitation Camps inendemic areas of UP, Bihar, Uttaranchal & West Bengal.
Involving religious leaders like Imams, Ulemas, Priests, Saints andFathers.
Popularising Pulse Polio Campaign in Shopping Plazas/malls inmetro cities.
Distribution of Comic Books on polio and sanitation in Hindi lan-guage in schools of U.P.
Distribution of Teachers’ booklets on polio.
Involving Corporate Sector participation.
Incentive to health workers to overcome fatigue were provided inthe state of U.P. and Bihar - Towel, Umbrella, Lunch Boxes,Torches etc.
Garden Umbrellas were provided in Delhi, U.P. & Maharashtraduring summer to health workers.
An emergent support of Marker Pen in Bihar and vaccine carrierin Bihar, Delhi & Maharashtra were provided.
Produced a cartoon film for the community on polio awareness.
Support to NGOs to cover the population at construction sites.
Aprons were provided to the transit team health workers as iden-tification mark.
Involved Vice Chancellor of various Universities for effective So-cial Mobilisation and overcoming doubts.
Specially designed Rotary Polio Tableaux.
Display of gigantic hot air balloons.
Display of banners / vertical boards at all the retail outlets ofHPCL/BPCL/IOC in the NCR region and UP.
Muppet shows (Polio Inflatables) in various districts of the en-demic States.
Forming State & District level Council of Muslim Ulemas & Schol-ars to address issues of the Muslim population.
Organising events like ‘Empathy –2004’ to sensitise the masses.
Recognising the political & religious leaders, bureaucrats & healthofficials.
Setting up booths on boats in the holy Kumbh mela to immunisechildren.
Organizing medical health camps in the state of Delhi, U.P andBihar.
Production of IEC material on Zinc and ORS.
Elocution competition for Schools all over the Country to createawareness among students
Stole & Flag on ‘End Polio Now’ distributed
Health CampsHealth CampsHealth CampsHealth CampsHealth Camps
The Polio virus today is endemic in just threethreethreethreethree countries –Pakistan, Nigeria andPakistan [India has become non –endemic since February 2012]. According toWHO & Public Health experts, one of the reasons for the persistence ofPolio virus in India for a long time was due to the poor environmental anddemographic factors.
These factors according to them contribute in the longevity of the virus and under-mine the goal of eradication despite monumental efforts being undertaken to reachthese children with the vaccine and the success achieved so far. In such a scenario,the community at large and especially the underserved population in the countryare left with serious health needs. Access to health care is at times very poor andrare. The Governmental health centers that are functioning are overwhelmed withnumbers leading to dismal care and treatment.
The INPPC believes that organizing free general health camps will help addressconcerns of citizens grappling with not just Polio but other health care needs thathave been aggravated as a direct result of poor environmental and demographicfactors such as population density, contaminated drinking water, malnourishment,unhygienic sanitary conditions etc.
The free health camps that INPPC organized earlier - individually as well asjointly with sponsorssponsorssponsorssponsorssponsors - were a great success in building goodwill amongstthe population they served. It not only helped dispel the cloud of apprehen-sion amongst population but created a favourable environment for Polio
immunization services paving way for greater acceptance of the polio vac-cine and eliminating resistance in underserved-population.
The INPPC believes that more free-health camps in regions where Polio virus findsground as well as the in underserved areas will help strengthen the fight againstPolio by helping the population meet their other health demands.
Corporate SupportCorporate SupportCorporate SupportCorporate SupportCorporate Support
Corporate today world over are partnering with Rotary International in their biggesthumanitarian initiative to rid the world of Polio. In a major boost to the eradicationcampaign, Bill Gates of Microsoft through his foundation the Bill and MelindaGates FoundationGates FoundationGates FoundationGates FoundationGates Foundation contributed a whopping US $ 355 million to Rotaryfor eradication efforts.
Google.orgGoogle.orgGoogle.orgGoogle.orgGoogle.org, inspired by Rotary’s efforts donated a sum of US $ 3.5 million to thePolio eradication effort worldwide to Rotary Foundation. In India the Aditya BirlaGroup with its patron Smt. Rajashree Birla who is also an honorary member ofRotary Club Mumbai contributed US $ 6million. Ms. Usha Mittal and Mr. LaxmiMittal of ArcellorMittal Group have donated to Rotary a total contribution ofUSD 1.5 million towards Polio eradication funds. Whereas Rotarian Harshad MehtaChairman of Rosy Blue Diamond has contributed a sum of US $ 3 million. AbbottIndia a Pharmaceutical Company has supported social mobilization efforts - healthcamps.
Similarly many other Corporate groups supported the campaign in kind. Easy Mart(Airtel Retail chain), Dominos Pizza, local cellular network and many more havehelped in endorsing the message of Polio immunization through their network andproducts.
Rotarians and Rotary Clubs should engage local business man, industriesto boost the campaign with their support.
Gates Foundation Challenge GrantGates Foundation Challenge GrantGates Foundation Challenge GrantGates Foundation Challenge GrantGates Foundation Challenge Grant
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation contributed US $ 355 million to TheRotary Foundation in 2009. Rotary International committed to match US$200 million against this challenge grant by June 2012. Rotarians acrossthe world swung into action to raise this amount through various individualfunds to Club, District and also through fund raising activities. US$ 228million against the challenge have been raised till January 2012. In Janu-ary, 2012, The Gates Foundation recognising Rotary’s achievements an-nounced to contribute an additional US$ 50 million for Polio eradication.
Emergency Preparedness and Response PlanEmergency Preparedness and Response PlanEmergency Preparedness and Response PlanEmergency Preparedness and Response PlanEmergency Preparedness and Response Plan
The Government of India has constituted a “Central Emergency Prepared-ness and Response Group” to ensure adequate preparedness for a rapidresponse and manage the actual response to the detection of a wild polio-virus anywhere in India. The group is chaired by the Secretary, Health &Family Welfare, Government of India and comprise of senior officials fromMinistry of Health and Family Welfare (GoI), and representatives of Na-tional Polio Surveillance Project (NPSP) – WHO, UNICEF and Rotary.
Each state has constituted a State Emergency Preparedness andResponse Group chaired by the Principle Secretary (Health & Fam-ily Welfare) and comprised of senior officials from the State Gov-ernment such as the Director Health Services, State EPI Officerand other nominated senior government officials. State represen-tatives of WHO-NPSP, UNICEF and Rotary are a part of the group.This group should monitor the preparedness and implementationof the mop up.
Undertake a risk analysis, in coordination with WHO- NPSP offi-cials, to identify districts/ blocks/urban areas at high risk of im-portation and spread of poliovirus.
Rotary International: provides support to the advocacy at the stateand district levels and to the communication strategy and socialmobilization activities.
Rotary Districts will have to make sure this structure of Emer-gency Preparedness and Response plan is proactive for any emer-gency situation.
Rotary’s Role in Emergency Preparedness and Response PlanRotary’s Role in Emergency Preparedness and Response PlanRotary’s Role in Emergency Preparedness and Response PlanRotary’s Role in Emergency Preparedness and Response PlanRotary’s Role in Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan
Advocacy at state and distrcit levels for quality implementation ofpolio eradication activities.
Support IEC/Social mobilization activities & media management incoordination with Govt., UNICEF and NPSP.
Any other essential emergency support activities.
New Personal ized Branding of the Pol io CommunicationsNew Personal ized Branding of the Pol io CommunicationsNew Personal ized Branding of the Pol io CommunicationsNew Personal ized Branding of the Pol io CommunicationsNew Personal ized Branding of the Pol io CommunicationsApproachApproachApproachApproachApproach
From EveryEveryEveryEveryEvery Child, Every Time
to
Your Your Your Your Your Child, Every Time
to
MyMyMyMyMy Child, Every Time
Independent Monitoring Board (IMB) of the Global Polio Eradica-Independent Monitoring Board (IMB) of the Global Polio Eradica-Independent Monitoring Board (IMB) of the Global Polio Eradica-Independent Monitoring Board (IMB) of the Global Polio Eradica-Independent Monitoring Board (IMB) of the Global Polio Eradica-tion Initiativetion Initiativetion Initiativetion Initiativetion Initiative
Last year, 2012, was a good year in the history of polio eradication. Thevirus was confined to just five countries – a record low. The global inci-dence of polio also hit an all-time low, with just 223 cases in the entireyear (down from 650 in the previous year, and from 350,000 when theProgram began in 1988).
Progress in 2013 has been far less positive.Experience over the Program’s25-year history shows that stopping polio transmission demands excel-lence in three activities:
Sustained reductions in polio circulation, and improvementsin program performance, within endemic countries.
Rapidly extinguishing any outbreaks that occur
Preventing outbreaks in countries that are clearlyvulnerable to them
In 2013, the program has hit unprecedented challenges in delivering thefirst of these imperatives, and fallen short on both the second and third.
As in previous reports, the IMB makes a series of recommendations aimedat strengthening the program at global and country level. These flow fromour analysis of the extent to which the program is on course to interrupttransmission of polio by the end of 2014, as it pledged to do. These coverareas where the IMB has previously recommended action but there hasbeen no satisfactory response, as well as new areas.
Unprecedented challenges loom over the polio eradication program. Thereis shocking violence to which no public health program should ever be sub-jected. Bans prevent the program from vaccinating two million childrenagainst polio in Pakistan and Somalia. The program has dealt with insecu-rity before (and continues to do so) but these are different phenomena. Allwho support the eradication of the second ever disease for humankindshould have no greater priority than seeking to resolve them.
The program has far from perfect control in such circumstances. Whilstwe are sympathetic to the challenge that this creates, it is more impor-tant than ever that the program’s performance be as eradication-ready –as worthy of a global public health emergency – as it can be in the manyaspects that are within its control.
There are too many instances in which this is not the case. The perfor-mance issues to be addressed are illustrated by (but not limited to) the factthat the Horn of Africa was not better protected against an outbreak andthat too many other countries remain vulnerable. They are illustrated tooby the response in the Horn of Africa, which could not be described as arobust response to a public health emergency of global health importance.It is also important to realise that too many suboptimal campaigns con-tinue in each of Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan, even in areas whereinsecurity is not a major feature.
As the program enters what is supposed to be the last low season in whichpolio circulates, we ask ourselves (as should all within the program): it thisa program that is eradication-ready? Does what we are seeing really looklike a programmatic emergency for global public health? Is the leadershipand chain of command properly aligned to the challenges of today? Thisreport identifies too many ways in which this is not the case.
The goal of stopping polio transmission by the end of 2014 now stands atserious risk. This situation must be turned round with the greatest pos-sible urgency.
All but 0.1% of polio has been eradicated globally: there were 350 000cases in 1988; there have been just 175 so far in 2012.
Polio is more tightly confined than ever before –affecting just 94 districtsin 4 countries to date this year.
The Programme is benefiting from an unprecedented level of priority andcommitment, much of it stemming from the World Health Assembly dec-laration of polio eradication as an emergency for global public health. How-ever, the goal of the 2010– 2012 Strategic Plan, to stop global polio trans-mission by the end of 2012, will not be achieved. Although the Programmehas missed another deadline, the IMB judges its prospects to be morepositive than in the past. If the recent level of progress had been achievedfrom the start of the 2010–2012 period, transmission could have beenstopped by 2012. History shows that polio resurges more easily than it iscontained. There is a significant risk of having more polio cases in 2013than in 2012, and in more countries. The Programme must receive alevel of priority not only to mitigate this risk, but to achieve another year ofmajor progress towards stopping transmission.
Each country will be able to stop polio transmission if its leaders, at everylevel, embrace the mission to protect their country’s children from thethreat of poliomyelitis. The word “ownership” encapsulates what is required,as exemplified by India: not wanting to continue harbouring a virus that hasbeen vanquished in most countries of the world, the Indian governmentand people seized ownership of the polio eradication effort and as a directconsequence, transmission has been interrupted in India for the first timein its history.
India:India:India:India:India:The Indian Programme is looking at the question of legacy – of what shouldcome next. The challenge of stopping polio in India was unprecedented,requiring the construction of a sophisticated programme. This has cre-ated valuable assets – human, organizational, logistical, and reputational –whose great value must be captured for the greater health of India’s people.
At a Glance:At a Glance:At a Glance:At a Glance:At a Glance:
Pride of the Programme – Polio-free India. But the risk ofimportation remains
A great legacy for public health – if managed correctly
India supporting the remaining endemic countries
India’s emergency response plans must be top-drawer
In India, maintaining the country’s hard-earned polio-free status is crucial.The IMB’s recommendation of simulation exercises to test the readinessof its emergency response plans has been tested with satisfaction.
RISKS AND CHALLENGESRISKS AND CHALLENGESRISKS AND CHALLENGESRISKS AND CHALLENGESRISKS AND CHALLENGES
Complacency / Programme fatigue Strengthening of Social Mobilisation Routine Immunisation status Movement of migratory population within Country Sustain high level immunisation during (SIAs) Supplementary
Immunization Activity Funding Gap Government Commitment
Last wild polio case Last OPV2 use
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Certification
Virus detection& interruption
Polio Eradication & Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018Polio Eradication & Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018Polio Eradication & Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018Polio Eradication & Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018Polio Eradication & Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018
OPV Campaigns
Technical Assistance
Quality Improvement/ Community Mobilization
Surveillance/Laboratory
Emergency Response
Indirect Costs
Research & Development
IPV in Routine Immunization
201820172016201520142013
760771
904
1,0031,0331,054
Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan Budget(US$ Millions)
Funding the Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan will costFunding the Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan will costFunding the Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan will costFunding the Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan will costFunding the Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan will costthe global community US$5.5 billion,the global community US$5.5 billion,the global community US$5.5 billion,the global community US$5.5 billion,the global community US$5.5 billion, which will be raised frommultiple sources—including existing and new donors—and throughinnovative financing mechanisms. A 2010 study published in Vaccineestimated that the GPEI’s efforts could save the world $40–50 billion.
Media And Polio Eradication Program:Media And Polio Eradication Program:Media And Polio Eradication Program:Media And Polio Eradication Program:Media And Polio Eradication Program:
The press has enormous influential power and an extremely delicate andimportant role to play in implementing development programmes relatedto human health, education etc, in the society. Consistent and compre-hensive networking with media at all levels will be crucial for puttingimmunisation program back on the political agenda and to support strate-gies for behavioural change as well as image building. Taking media intoTaking media intoTaking media intoTaking media intoTaking media intoconfidence is crucial in avoiding / countering negative and hos-confidence is crucial in avoiding / countering negative and hos-confidence is crucial in avoiding / countering negative and hos-confidence is crucial in avoiding / countering negative and hos-confidence is crucial in avoiding / countering negative and hos-tile publicity for the Polio Eradication programme. tile publicity for the Polio Eradication programme. tile publicity for the Polio Eradication programme. tile publicity for the Polio Eradication programme. tile publicity for the Polio Eradication programme. Rotarian mustalso educate/inform the general public about rotary being the initiator ofcampaign.
NID NID
0Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan Mar May
Polio Endgame Strategy-India, Potential Timeline
2011 2012 2013 2014
Last WPV case
Polio certification
IPV intro? NID NID
tOPV NID
Post-switch VDPV type 2 risk mgt.
tOPV-bOPV switch
NID NID NID NID
Certification standard surveillance, improved RI coverage
Modelling, Research, Development
Rotary International’s PolioPlus Program in the media:Rotary International’s PolioPlus Program in the media:Rotary International’s PolioPlus Program in the media:Rotary International’s PolioPlus Program in the media:Rotary International’s PolioPlus Program in the media:
District/Rotary Clubs should execute the following:District/Rotary Clubs should execute the following:District/Rotary Clubs should execute the following:District/Rotary Clubs should execute the following:District/Rotary Clubs should execute the following:
Review mechanisms for regular/wide dissemination of informa-tion to the press.
Prepare resource materials for public & media showing theachievement of the polio eradication initiative - regionally and na-tionally.
Make NIDs and other immunization activities relevant to the im-portant constituencies.
Convince that polio eradication makes economic sense.
Demonstrate that the polio eradication strategy is feasible to reachthe goal.
Project the benefits of polio eradication to health sector develop-ment and infrastructure building.
Demonstrate the consequences of inaction.
Identify and use cultural and sports icons to sustain media, corpo-rate and political commitment for immunization.
Make media understand the role it can play in this endeavour.
Highlight other social & goodwill activities/event supported byRotary INPPC
Inform/educate the media that Rotary took the challenge & led inlaunching the GPEI in 1988 to end polio globally.
Initiate immediate response to negative and hostile publicity.Initiate immediate response to negative and hostile publicity.Initiate immediate response to negative and hostile publicity.Initiate immediate response to negative and hostile publicity.Initiate immediate response to negative and hostile publicity.
Poliomyelitis – Understanding the DiseasePoliomyelitis – Understanding the DiseasePoliomyelitis – Understanding the DiseasePoliomyelitis – Understanding the DiseasePoliomyelitis – Understanding the Disease
Poliomyelitis, the disease commonly known as Polio, causes irre-versible paralysis.
The disease caused by the virus is commonly known as Polio vi-rus. It is of 3 types - P1, P2 & P3. P2 was eradicated from theworld in 1999.
Polio affects children mostly under 5 years of age.
Poliovirus enters the bodies of children through contaminatedfood and water.
The virus spreads through contaminated food and water and trans-mission is faeco-oral.
It multiplies inside the intestines of the children.
In the final stages the virus enters the blood stream, attacks thenervous system and destroys the nerve cells of the spinal cord,thus causing paralysis on a few occasions the infection may befatal.
Once destroyed, the nerve cells cannot regenerate.
The onset of paralysis is sudden and rapid. The paralysed limbsare floppy or flaccid. It is the major cause of Acute Flaccid Paraly-sis (AFP).
Less than 1% of the infected children get AFP. The 99% infectedchildren without paralysis are carriers of infection and are moredangerous to others as they transmit the infection silently.
Polio is non curable but preventable through vaccines. At presentPolio is being prevented through immunisation by giving Oral Po-lio Vaccine (OPV) or by injecting Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV).The disease can be eradicated completely only through massvaccination with OPV.
Types of VaccineTypes of VaccineTypes of VaccineTypes of VaccineTypes of Vaccine
ORAL POLIO VACCINE [OPV].ORAL POLIO VACCINE [OPV].ORAL POLIO VACCINE [OPV].ORAL POLIO VACCINE [OPV].ORAL POLIO VACCINE [OPV]. Oral Polio Vaccine popularly called OPV is live attenuated (weak-
ened) Polio virus developed by Dr. Albert Sabin in 1961. Given orally, OPV produces antibodies in the blood to all three
types of poliovirus. OPV also produces a local immune response in the lining [‘mu-
cous membrane’] of the intestines - the primary site for poliovirusmultiplication [Gut Immunity]. The antibodies limit the multiplica-tion of ‘wild’ [naturally occurring] virus inside the gut, preventingeffective infection. This intestinal immune response to OPV is themain reason for the high efficacy of OPV in stopping person toperson transmission of wild polio virus in mass campaigns.
OPV is available in three forms:OPV is available in three forms:OPV is available in three forms:OPV is available in three forms:OPV is available in three forms: Trivalent vaccine ‘tOPV’ against all 3 virus types. Monovalent OPV1 and monovalent OPV3 targeting strains P1
and P3 respectively. Bivalent (bOPV) vaccine targeting two strains P1 and P3.
‘IPV’ is an inactivated (killed) polio vaccine developed by Dr. JonasSalk in 1955.
IPV has to be injected by a trained health worker.
‘IPV’ works by producing protective antibodies in the blood [SerumImmunity].
IPV induces very low levels of immunity to poliovirus inside thegut. As a result ‘IPV’ provides individual protection against polioparalyssis but, unlike OPV, cannot prevent the spread of wild poliovirus.
When a person immunized with IPV is infected with wild poliovirus, virus can still multiply inside the intestines and be shed instools – risking continued circulation. For this reason, OPV is thevaccine of choice wherever a polio outbreak needs to be contained,even in countries which rely exclusively on IPV for their routineimmunization programme.
Vaccine of choice: India CampaignVaccine of choice: India CampaignVaccine of choice: India CampaignVaccine of choice: India CampaignVaccine of choice: India Campaign
OPV is the vaccine choice for eradication in India and other endemiccountries.
OPV is proven to provide very high gut immunity rapidly and inter-rupt Poliovirus in the tropical, developing settings like India. Shortterm shedding of vaccine virus in the stools of recently immu-nized children results in passive immunization of persons withinclose contact.
IPV is costlier than OPV [Over five times + the cost of the sy-ringe]. - A major constrain considering the massive quantities ofvaccine required for use during National and Sub National Immu-nization days in India.
OPV is oral and can be easily administered by vaccinators. It doesnot need sterile injection, equipments and trained health work-ers.
Significant Target Population – missed every year – Why?Significant Target Population – missed every year – Why?Significant Target Population – missed every year – Why?Significant Target Population – missed every year – Why?Significant Target Population – missed every year – Why?
Poor Routine Immunisation levels.
Lack of information, misconceptions, rumours, lack of faith, reli-gious and social beliefs and lack of motivation.
Resistance from a few communities demanding better health careand civic facilities as a consequence.
Migratory population and outreach residents.
Program fatigue and complacency at grass-roots level.
Why so many doses?Why so many doses?Why so many doses?Why so many doses?Why so many doses?
For universal coverage on a single day.
To help build-up sustained immunity.
To stop circulation of the Wild virus.
Will not so many polio drops harm my child?Will not so many polio drops harm my child?Will not so many polio drops harm my child?Will not so many polio drops harm my child?Will not so many polio drops harm my child?
Not at all. Polio drops are safe. They provide additional protection.
Won’t it be too early to bring my child for Polio immuniza-Won’t it be too early to bring my child for Polio immuniza-Won’t it be too early to bring my child for Polio immuniza-Won’t it be too early to bring my child for Polio immuniza-Won’t it be too early to bring my child for Polio immuniza-tion tomorrow, as he got routine polio vaccine last weektion tomorrow, as he got routine polio vaccine last weektion tomorrow, as he got routine polio vaccine last weektion tomorrow, as he got routine polio vaccine last weektion tomorrow, as he got routine polio vaccine last weekonly?only?only?only?only?
You can even take your child for polio drops the very next day, asthere is no minimum interval for pulse polio drops.
To whom should we report a case of paralysis?To whom should we report a case of paralysis?To whom should we report a case of paralysis?To whom should we report a case of paralysis?To whom should we report a case of paralysis?
You should immediately report all suspected cases to the nearestPrimary Health Centre or Chief Medical Officer or SurveillanceMedical Officer, NPSP - WHO.
Is polio caused by poor hygiene and external environment?Is polio caused by poor hygiene and external environment?Is polio caused by poor hygiene and external environment?Is polio caused by poor hygiene and external environment?Is polio caused by poor hygiene and external environment?
Yes. Unhygienic conditions are conducive to the spread of polio.Flies, open and unclean drains, accumulated garbage and poorpersonal hygiene increases the spread of the virus.
No. It is caused by a virus, which can be transmitted by anotherPolio infected child.
Now that Polio immunization is regularly organised, is Rou-Now that Polio immunization is regularly organised, is Rou-Now that Polio immunization is regularly organised, is Rou-Now that Polio immunization is regularly organised, is Rou-Now that Polio immunization is regularly organised, is Rou-tine Immunization necessary?tine Immunization necessary?tine Immunization necessary?tine Immunization necessary?tine Immunization necessary?
Absolutely. Routine Immunisation is very important. This givespersonal protection to a child against polio. The purpose of polioimmunization program is to flush out the polio-virus from the en-vironment.
If my child has fever, diarrhea or respiratory infection, canIf my child has fever, diarrhea or respiratory infection, canIf my child has fever, diarrhea or respiratory infection, canIf my child has fever, diarrhea or respiratory infection, canIf my child has fever, diarrhea or respiratory infection, canI still give an extra polio dose?I still give an extra polio dose?I still give an extra polio dose?I still give an extra polio dose?I still give an extra polio dose?
Yes. No disease or infections need stop polio vaccination.
If my child missed getting the polio dose at today’s PulseIf my child missed getting the polio dose at today’s PulseIf my child missed getting the polio dose at today’s PulseIf my child missed getting the polio dose at today’s PulseIf my child missed getting the polio dose at today’s PulsePolio, can he get it tomorrow?Polio, can he get it tomorrow?Polio, can he get it tomorrow?Polio, can he get it tomorrow?Polio, can he get it tomorrow?
Yes, a child can get polio drops within the next 3-4 days duringhouse-to-house campaign.
What if my child even after taking polio drops does notWhat if my child even after taking polio drops does notWhat if my child even after taking polio drops does notWhat if my child even after taking polio drops does notWhat if my child even after taking polio drops does notdevelop immunity to the disease?develop immunity to the disease?develop immunity to the disease?develop immunity to the disease?develop immunity to the disease?
It rarely happens. But cases where polio virus occurred even af-ter taking polio drops can be attributed to the highly unhygienicconditions prevailing in places, which favour non-polio enterovirusthat reduces the effect of the vaccine. Diarrhea could also be oneof the reasons. In malnourished children the vaccine does notproduce adequate immunity level. For this, a child should be ad-ministered second, third and fourth rounds of polio doses to inac-tivate the virus and for diarrhea, Zinc tablets with ORS (Oral Re-hydration Salts) is advised.
Can polio vaccine prove fatal?Can polio vaccine prove fatal?Can polio vaccine prove fatal?Can polio vaccine prove fatal?Can polio vaccine prove fatal? No, polio vaccine is very safe. It is a false rumour that a child died
after taking polio drops. The reasons can be many for the deathof the child and it is coincidental that he/she died after beinggiven polio drops.
Questions and Answers on VDPV cases:Questions and Answers on VDPV cases:Questions and Answers on VDPV cases:Questions and Answers on VDPV cases:Questions and Answers on VDPV cases:
Q) What is a vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV)?
Vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) are rare but well-documentedstrains of poliovirus. VDPVs are strains of poliovirus which emergeafter prolonged multiplication of attenuated strains of the virus con-tained in the oral polio vaccine (OPV) in the guts of children withimmunodeficiency or in populations with very low immunity. Afterprolonged multiplication, these vaccine virus derived strains changeand revert to a form that can cause paralysis in humans. Some VDPVshave shown a capacity for sustained circulation in communities.
Q) What are the types of VDPVs?
iVDPVs (immunodeficiency related vaccine-derived poliovirus) isolatedfrom immunodeficient patients who have prolonged infections afterexposure to OPV;
cVDPVs (circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses) that are associatedwith sustained person-to-person transmission and considered to becirculating in the community under conditions of low populationimmunity;
aVDPVs (ambiguous vaccine-derived poliovirus) are VDPVs with acurrently unclassifiable source (ie a single isolate from a healthy ornon-immunodeficient person; environmental isolate without anassociated AFP case).
Q) Why does this happen?
Low routine immunization coverage with tOPV, the vaccine whichproduces immunity against type 2 poliovirus also, eradication of wildpoliovirus type 2 in 1999 which no longer circulating to provide naturalimmunity in the population, and the use of the more effective typespecific monovalent oral
polio vaccines – mOPV1/mOPV3 and now bivalent vaccine– in pulsepolio campaign rounds in recent years.
Q) Does VDPV Type 2 mean that wild poliovirus type 2 has not beeneradicated?
VDPV type 2 is NOT wild poliovirus type 2 which was eradicated in1999.
Q) How can a VDPV circulation be stopped?
The management of VDPVs is a necessary part of the global polioeradication effort, and is similar to management of wild poliovirusoutbreaks; i.e. by rapid implementation of high-quality SIAs. Globalexperience with VDPVs shows that they are less virulent than wildpoliovirus strains, and can be rapidly stopped, with 2-3 rounds ofhigh-quality, large-scale SIAs
Q) What is being done in response to the VDPV in India?
As per global norms following VDPV detection, the Government ofIndia has initiated:
full investigation to determine the immunological and clinical statusof each case, and implement any necessary follow up and laboratoryinvestigations
efforts to determine if transmission of the VDPV has occurred in thecommunity;
assessment of population immunity in the immediate vicinity of thedetected VDPV; and,
catch up routine immunization and if indicated, supplementary and mop-upimmunization rounds using trivalent OPV in the affected area
Q) Is OPV safe?
OPV is extremely safe and effective at protecting children againstlifelong polio paralysis.
OPV is still and has always been the safest and most effective way toprotect children from polio. OPV has been the vaccine of choice forover 195 coun tries that have successfully eradicated polio. It re-mains the Global Polio Eradication Initiative’s recommended vaccineof choice to finish global eradication More than 10 billion doses ofOPV have been given to more than 2 billion children in the past tenyears.
DRAFT AGENDA FOR DISTRICT POLIOPLUS ORIENTATION &DRAFT AGENDA FOR DISTRICT POLIOPLUS ORIENTATION &DRAFT AGENDA FOR DISTRICT POLIOPLUS ORIENTATION &DRAFT AGENDA FOR DISTRICT POLIOPLUS ORIENTATION &DRAFT AGENDA FOR DISTRICT POLIOPLUS ORIENTATION &PLANNING MEETPLANNING MEETPLANNING MEETPLANNING MEETPLANNING MEET
ConvenorConvenorConvenorConvenorConvenor ::::: National Committee MemberNational Committee MemberNational Committee MemberNational Committee MemberNational Committee Member10.00 –10.05 a.m. : Welcome by District Governor10.05 – 10.20 a.m. : Rotary’s role in PolioPlus Program by National
Committee Member – Advocacy, Social Mobilization,Rotarian Participation
10.20 – 10.35 a.m. : Government’s perspective by Principal Secretary -Health/ Director – RCH
10.35 – 11.35 a.m. : State /Area specific issues on Polio Programmeand Routine Immunization by SMO, NPSP (WHO)Panel Discussion (NCM to lead the Discussion)(NPSP, UNICEF, CMO / DIO, IMA/IAP etc to participate)
DRAFT AGENDA FOR DRAFT AGENDA FOR DRAFT AGENDA FOR DRAFT AGENDA FOR DRAFT AGENDA FOR DISTRICT WORKSHOP ON ROUTINEDISTRICT WORKSHOP ON ROUTINEDISTRICT WORKSHOP ON ROUTINEDISTRICT WORKSHOP ON ROUTINEDISTRICT WORKSHOP ON ROUTINEIMMUNIZATIONIMMUNIZATIONIMMUNIZATIONIMMUNIZATIONIMMUNIZATION
ConvenorConvenorConvenorConvenorConvenor ::::: National Committee MemberNational Committee MemberNational Committee MemberNational Committee MemberNational Committee Member10.00 –10.05 a.m. : Welcome by District Governor10.05 – 10.20 a.m. : Brief by NPSP-WHO about the identified weak areas of
Routine Immunization and other ways to improveRoutine Immunization
10.20 – 10.35 a.m. : Address by State Government Officials – PrincipalSecretary/ Director Immunization
10.35 – 11.35 a.m. : Panel Discussion – Panelists — NCM, DG, District RIC,DPPC, SMO, IAP, State Govt.
to formulate Plan12.55 – 01.15 p.m. : Concluding Remarks by DG
Vote of Thanks by District Routine ImmunizationCoordinator (DRIC)
01.15p.m. : LunchLunchLunchLunchLunch
Please Note: District are encouraged to organise Routine Immu-Please Note: District are encouraged to organise Routine Immu-Please Note: District are encouraged to organise Routine Immu-Please Note: District are encouraged to organise Routine Immu-Please Note: District are encouraged to organise Routine Immu-nization Workshop. No financial support is provided for RI Work-nization Workshop. No financial support is provided for RI Work-nization Workshop. No financial support is provided for RI Work-nization Workshop. No financial support is provided for RI Work-nization Workshop. No financial support is provided for RI Work-shop.shop.shop.shop.shop.
Open House Vote of Thanks
4.00 p.m. : TeaTeaTeaTeaTeaPlease Note: The District Orientation and planning meet should be conducted onthe lines of a workshop. Every opportunity should be given to the participants toparticipate.
K. R. RavindranRotary International President - ElectPast Rotary International DirectorPrint Care (Ceylon) Ltd.77 Nungamugoda Rd., Kelaniya, Sri LankaTel (O) : 94-11-2912789Tel (R) : 94-11-2573612Fax : 94-11-2912790E-mail : [email protected], [email protected]
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P. T. PrabhakarRotary International Director15 Sivaswami Street, Mylapore,Chennai, Tamil Nadu-600004Tel. (O) : 044-28116661Tel. (R) : 044-28111631Mobile : 09840874787E-mail : [email protected],
Dr. P. C.ThomasPast Rotary International DirectorGoodshepherd International SchoolFernhill Post, Ootacamund - 643 004Tamil NaduTel. (O) : 0423-2550371-77/2550866Tel. (R) : 0423-2550555/2550666Fax : 0423-2550877E-mail : [email protected]
ROTARY INTERNATIONAL GENERAL OFFICERSROTARY INTERNATIONAL GENERAL OFFICERSROTARY INTERNATIONAL GENERAL OFFICERSROTARY INTERNATIONAL GENERAL OFFICERSROTARY INTERNATIONAL GENERAL OFFICERS
Noraseth PathmanandPast Rotary International DirectorSinovest, 4/F Lake Rajada Off. Complex,192/23 Rajadabhisek Rd., Klong ToeyBangkok, Thailand 10110Tel (O) : 662 –2640251Tel (R) : 662-3922376 /2640255E-mail : [email protected]
Dr. Manoj D. DesaiRotary International Director-Elect`Arpan’, 11, Sampatrao ColonyAlkapuri, Vadodara - 390005GujaratTel (O) : 0265-2343119Tel (R) : 0265-2395951Mobile : 9825317488E-mail : [email protected]
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THE PARTNERS IN INDIA’SPOLIO ERADICATION INITIATIVE
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