India, Nepal, and Iran. The music of India includes multiple varieties of folk, popular, pop, classical music and R&B. India's classical music tradition.
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Slide 1
India, Nepal, and Iran
Slide 2
Slide 3
The music of India includes multiple varieties of folk,
popular, pop, classical music and R&B. India's classical music
tradition has a history spanning millennia and developed over
several eras. It remains fundamental to the lives of Indians today
as sources of spiritual inspiration, cultural expression and pure
entertainment. India is made up of several dozen ethnic groups,
speaking their own languages and dialects, having distinct cultural
traditions.
Slide 4
There are two main types of classical music in India: Carnatic
and Hindustani. Carnatic music is found predominantly in the
peninsular regions. Hindustani music is found in the northern and
central regions.
Slide 5
Hindustani music is an Indian classical music tradition that
goes back to around 1000 BC. It further developed circa the 13th
and 14th centuries AD with Persian influences and from existing
religious and folk music. Hindustani The practice of singing based
on notes was popular from when the hymns in Sama Veda, a sacred
text, were sung and not chanted Classical genres are dhrupad,
dhamar, khyal, tarana and sadra.dhrupadtarana
Slide 6
Carnatic music can be traced back to the 15th - 16th centuries
AD. It is one of the oldest musical forms that continue to survive
today. Carnatic The form itself is reputed to have been one of the
gifts bestowed on man by the gods of Hindu mythology. Carnatic
music is melodic, with improvised variations. It consists of a
composition with improvised embellishments added to the piece. The
main emphasis is on the vocals as most compositions are written to
be sung, and even when played on instruments, they are meant to be
performed in a singing style (known as g yaki). Indian how-to
Indian how-to
Slide 7
Bihu: the festival of New Year of Assam falling on mid April.
This is a festival of nature and mother earth where the first day
is for the cows and buffalos. Second day is for the man. Bihu
dances and songs accompanied by traditional drums and wind
instruments are essential part of this festival Bihu Bihu
Slide 8
Dandiya: a form of dance-oriented folk music that has also been
adapted for pop music. The present musical style is derived from
the traditional musical accompaniment to the folk dance. It is
practiced mainly in the state of Gujrat. Dandiya, Dandiya
Slide 9
Ganasangeet: music generally sung in chorus carrying some
social message. The songs are usually about Freedom, community
strength, patriotism. Due to the British occupation in India, a lot
of protest songs about anti- imperialism/pro-socialism have been
written in India. Ganasangeet Ganasangeet
Slide 10
Uttarakhandi folk music had its root in the lap of nature. The
music is to relate the feel and the touch of nature and subjects
related to nature. The folk music primarily is related to the
various festivals, religious traditions, folk stories and simple
life of the people of Uttarakhand. The songs are a reflection of
the Cultural Heritage and the way people live their lives in the
Himalayas. Uttarakhandi Uttarakhandi
Slide 11
Lavani comes from the word Lavanya which means beauty. This is
one of the most popular forms of dance and music. Traditionally,
the songs are sung by female artistes, but male artistes may
occasionally sing Lavanis. Lavani is a combination of traditional
song and dance, which are performed to the beats of 'Dholaki', a
drum-like instrument. Dance is performed by women wearing nine-
yard saris. They are sung in a quick tempo. Lavani originated in
the arid region of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh Lavani, Bollywood
Lavani LavaniBollywood Lavani
Slide 12
Rabindra Sangeet is a library of songs numbering more than
2,000 written by Rabindranath Tagore. The form is primarily
influenced by Hindustani classical, Carnatic, western music, and
different folk songs of India. Many singers base their entire
careers on the singing of Tagore musical masterpieces. The national
anthem of India and national anthem of Bangladesh are Rabindra
Sangeets Rabindra Sangeet, and again Rabindra Sangeetand again
Slide 13
Rajasthan has a very diverse cultural collection of musician
castes. The melody of Rajasthan evokes from a variety of
instruments. The essence of Rajasthani music is derived from the
synthesis of string instruments, percussion instruments and wind
instruments accompanied by melodies of folk singers. It enjoys a
respectable presence in Bollywood music as well. Rajasthani
Rajasthani
Slide 14
The biggest form of Indian popular music is songs from Indian
films. Film music makes up 72% of the music sales in India. The
film industry of India supported music by maintaining reverence to
classical music while utilizing the western orchestration to
support Indian melodies. Classic, song, Classicsong
Slide 15
In the new millennium, American hip- hop has featured Indian
filmi. Mainstream hip-hop artists have sampled songs from Bollywood
movies and have collaborated with Indian artists. Examples include
Timbaland's "Indian Flute", Erick Sermon and Redman's "React", Slum
Village's "Disco", and Truth Hurts' "Addictive", and The Black Eyed
Peas "Don't Phunk With My Heart"
Slide 16
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, rock and roll fusions with
Indian music were well- known throughout Europe and North America.
This was called Raga Rock.fusions Jazz fusions also became
prevalent. Though the Indian music craze soon died down among
mainstream audiences, die hard fans and immigrants continued the
fusion.fusions Sometimes, the music of India will fuse with the
traditional music of other countries. For example Delhi 2 Dublin,
and Bhangraton.Delhi 2 DublinBhangraton
Slide 17
Indian Pop music, or Indipop, was originally a fusion of folk
and classical music (Ko-Ko-Korina). After the 1960s, it fused
together with film music without many breakout stars outside of the
film industry. Recently, Indian pop has taken an interesting turn
with the "remixing" of songs from past Indian movie songs, new
beats being added to them.Ko-Ko-Korina Pop, Remix, American
Bollywood PopRemixAmerican Bollywood
Slide 18
The rock music "scene" in India is small compared to the filmi
or fusion musicality "scenes" but as of recent years has come into
its own, achieving a cult status of sorts. Rock music in India has
its origins in 1960s when international stars such as The Beatles
visited India and brought their music with them. As of now, the
rock music scene in India is quietly growing day by day and
gathering more support. With the introduction of MTV in the early
1990s, Indians began to be exposed to various forms of rock such as
grunge and speed metal. This influence can be clearly seen in many
Indian bands today.rocktoday
Slide 19
Hip hop music in India had started at around 1990 and Baba
Sehgal is credited as India's first rapper. Hip Hop music became
all the more famous with the song 'Pettai Rap' from the movie
Kadhalan. Rap/Hip Hop was often used in the regional movies as
fillers in between songs and has started to become main stream
songs.Baba SehgalPettai Rap Hip hop exposure has since grown in
both India, and the world, with it becoming ever popular with
today's younger generation. While, no rapper of Indian descent has
made it on the big stage, many Western rap artists perform in
India.
Slide 20
Patriotic feelings have been instigated within Indians through
music, since the era of freedom struggle. Jana Gana Mana, the
national anthem of India by Rabindranath Tagore, is largely
credited for uniting India through music.Jana Gana Mana
Post-independence songs such as Mile Sur Mera Tumhara have been
responsible for national integration and unity in diversityMile Sur
Mera Tumhara
Slide 21
I couldnt really find a place for thisthis Or thisthis
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With more than fifty ethnicities, the music of this country is
a highly dispersed phenomenon. Although genres like pop, rock,
folk, and Classical music exist, a huge number of such genres are
yet to be cataloged. Many musical bands exist in Nepal, with a huge
number in Kathmandu - most of the recent ones focused in pop and
rock. Rap has been known to emerge on the charts from time to
time.
Slide 24
Classical music genres are named after the ethnicity of the
people who perform it. There is virtually no boundary between folk
and classical genres. They are one in the same Newari Music:
developed and flourished during the Medieval era Newari Music Deuda
Music: various traditional genres. Deuda Music
Slide 25
Gurung Music: Gurungs have an ancient tradition of Rodhi where
young people meet, sing and dance to folk songs, and share their
views. Young men and women at Rodhi often sing call-and- response
songs called dohori, which are largely improvised. Some musical
dances like Ghantu and Chudka are still in existence, and are still
performed in many Gurung villages. These dances are many hundreds
of years old, and are performed either solo or in a group. Music
also plays a big role in the Gurung ritual of Argum, which is
performed when someone in the community dies. Gurung
MusicRodhiGhantuChudkaperformed
Slide 26
Dohori is Nepali Folk song. This is unique type of song in
world. Dohoro means from two side,or a debate. This debate is in
rhythm, and involves quick and witty poetry. The two teams in
Dohori usually involves boys in one group girls in the other. The
song is started with a question usually from the boys side. The
girl follows the question with a quick response and continues the
musical conversation. Dohori songs can last for long time. The
length of the Dohari depends on the quick thinking ability of the
players. Some Doharis have lasted as long as seven days. They start
singing in evening and end at dawn.
Slide 27
Love and marriage are usually the topic of the debate. The male
expresses his love or feelings to the girl in the song and girl may
or may not respond positively for various reasons. An example of
this is as follows:example Boy: Hey girl you are beautiful with
long hair, give your life to me and of you I will take care. Girl:
How can you ask for my life, I am worried. I already have two
children and am married. Boy: Come with me, I will take care of
your children and you. I will always love you, dont worry, we wont
have children anew. Girl: Hey don't talk nonsense, I am not yours
and will never be. Beware of my husbands kick who is sitting behind
me.
Slide 28
Kirant Music: The Yakthungs have various forms of dance, songs
and musical instruments. Dhaan Nach (paddy dance) and Dhol Nach
("drum dance") are popular symbolics. Many forms of their dance
involve rituals or religious offerings towards Mundhum (native
Kiranti religion). Traditional dance and songs are also practiced
for weddings, festivals or simply gatherings.Dhaan Nach Dhol
Nach
Slide 29
Tamang Music: The tamang community is well known for Damphu.
Tamang selo music is based on the usage of Damphu and Tungna. It is
said that British people got an idea of making Drum Sets from
Damphu during their stay at India. Western and Indian instruments
are also found in some modern Tamang Selo music. Recently due to
the re-mixing trend of classic Nepali songs, Tamang Selo tuned
songs have been a hit in Nepali radio stations. usage moderna hit
And then theres thisthis
Slide 30
Magar Music: Salai Jo and Sorathi are the two unique and
exclusive musical genre of Magar music.Salai JoSorathi
Slide 31
This This
Slide 32
Rock Rock Metal Metal Rap Rap Pop Pop Hip Hop Hip Hop Dance
Dance
Slide 33
Radio station Hits FM was established in 1996 with the
intention to help the music industry grow. Since then it has been
greatly involved in encouraging and promoting Nepali artists and
music. Then came the idea to hold an Annual Hits FM Music Award
ceremony, which was held for the first time in 1998 with seven
categories. It was the first ever musical award to be organized by
a private company at a national level. The 14 th Award Ceremony had
nineteen categories, including a Life Time Achievement Award and
performances by top Nepali artists. performances The songs and
albums nominated in each category are based on the votes of the
public and the winner is then chosen by an independent panel of
judges.
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Slide 35
The music of Iran has thousands of years of history, as seen in
the archeological documents of the earliest ancient cultures.
Iranian music is divided into two categories: The science of Music,
or Musicology: considered a branch of mathematics, it has always
been held in high regards in Persia/Iran Music performance(Tarab,
Navakhteh, Tasneef, Taraneh or more recently Muzik): this has had
an uneasy relationship with the religious authorities and with
society as a whole
Slide 36
In ancient Iran musicians held socially respectable positions.
We know that the aristocrats made use of musicians, but we do not
know what that music was like. Troubadours (Gosans) were highly
sought after as entertainers. A few ancient Iranian musicians are
said to be highly influencial: Barbad: invented the lute and
Iranian music traditions and scales Zaryab is often credited with
being the greatest influence over Spanish music
Slide 37
Music in Iran is categorized into a hierarchy of importance,
authenticity, and technical value. The position of a particular
work of music often depends on the music genre and its relationship
to music theory.
Slide 38
The academic Authentic Persian Music (Musiq-i-Asil) is strongly
based on the theories of sound aesthetics as defined in the early
centuries of Islam. It also preserves traditional melodies that are
often attributed to the musicians of the Persian imperial court.
Dastgah is the music of those who have a greater share of, or
affect to be in possession of, refined taste and high culture. It
has always been the music of the elite.music Generally is
instrumental, though occasionally will have vocals.vocals
Slide 39
The martial music of Persia (Musiqi Razmi) has roots that go
back to the Parthian era, as attested by Roman sources. This form
of music has now been almost completely replaced by European forms
ever since the modernization of the armed forces. This type of
music with large drums, brass, and reed instruments was used not
only at war but also in official and solemn occasions. The only
modernized form of Musiqi Razmi is a much simplified form in the
music of the Zurkhaneh, the traditional martial arts of Iran. The
exercises of champions are regulated by a drummer or vocalist known
as the Murshid.Zurkhaneh
Slide 40
Religious music is quite divided. The beginnings of military
music came from plays reflecting a martyrdom legend. Also includes
music that is a setting for Persian mystical poetry, called Sufi
music. The recitation of the Koran is not considered music by
Muslims, but something more sublime. Similarly, religious liturgy
(Noheh) is a category of improvised song, but is never discussed in
musical terms.song
Slide 41
Popular music however occupies a low in respectability with the
exception of folk music that plays an important role in the daily
life of rural Iranians. Some of the most beautiful music composed
in Iran is remembered in the folk songs in Kurdistan and Khorasan
for example.KurdistanKhorasan Unlike other forms of music that
derive from Classical Persian Music, Folk songs have greatly
influenced the Dastgah system.
Slide 42
Musical theatre is in the form of Rohozi. It is performed in a
covered pool in the middle of an inner courtyard. It is considered
decadent by many Iranians.
Slide 43
Persian Symphonic Music has a long history. In fact, Opera
originated from Persia much before its emergence in Europe.
Iranians traditionally performed Tazeeieh, which resembles the
European OperaTazeeieh There are also some growing attempts to
combine Persian classical music and western classical
music.attempts Iran is not alien to western classical music either.
Many radio stations in Tehran play Mozart's concertos on a daily
basis, and many Iranians even make it to world fame and
fortune.
Slide 44
In general, folk music has relatively clear-cut melodic and
rhythmic properties with little improvisation. The function of each
folk melody determines its mood. The requirements of wedding songs,
lullabies, love songs, harvest songs, dance pieces, etc., are
characterized by simplicity. There are literally dozens of musical
instruments of various sorts found among the rural people. In fact,
each region of the country can boast instruments peculiar to
itself. Iran is home to several ethnic groups, including Kurds,
Bakhtiari and Baluchi peoples
Slide 45
The forms of music found in various parts of Kurdistan (Kurdish
music) vary depending on the regions as well as their contact with
the neighboring cultures. The poetry and the rhythms are common to
both areas. There are two forms of Kurdish music. The first is
largely improvised, while the second is a defined set of rhythms
and melodies.first
Slide 46
The poems used in most Kurdish music are filled with stories of
romance and unrequited love. Gouranis fall into several categories,
each performed with specific melodies for specific occasions. Some
examples are work gouranis, shepherd gouranis, romantic gouranis,
religious and spiritual gouranis, festive gouranis, Chemari
(mourning) gouranis, war gouranis, children gouranis, women
gouranis, and Ramadan gouranis
Slide 47
Due to its ethnic diversity and the existence of different
languages and religious observations (Sunni and Shi'a), the musical
tradition of Khorasan is very rich In the north of Khorasan, one
can find the bakhshi narrating and singing, among other things,
"daastans" (stories in old Persian), although they can also sing in
Kurdish about the historical deeds of local figures. They accompany
themselves on the dotar. thingsdotar In the south, the musical
culture changes: the dotar is no longer present. The songs are
called "sotak" and are accompanied on the "dayereh"
(tambourine)
Slide 48
The word bakhshi means instrumentalist, singer, and
storyteller.bakhshi As a singer, the bakhshi is more precisely a
narrator of dastan and an instrumentalist who plays the dotar and
who fabricates his own musical instrument. The majority of the
great bards of Khorasan, regardless of their ethnic origin, sing in
three languages (Turkish, Persian, and Kurdish). The bakhshi
doesn't usually earn his living solely through playing music. Most
often, he is also a farmer, a barber, or a teacher, etc. The
Turkmen bards prefer to play in groups of two or three. In this
case, the bard is accompanied by another dotar player and a person
playing the kamanche.playing
Slide 49
A bakhshi should not only be a good musician and have a good
voice, he also needs excellent diction for telling stories. He
learns his art from his father or his uncle while living under the
family roof. Some acquire their apprenticeship under the tutelage
of a master (ostad). The learning process evolves in three stages:
1) learning the dotar technique, 2) learning vocal techniques, 3)
memorizing the stories. In the last stage, the master teaches his
student a fragment of a dastan on a daily basis, so that he can
memorize and recite it the next day. The bakhshi is renowned for
his prodigious memory. Traditionally, the bakhshi plays at village
ceremonies, but he also performs at private gatherings and in the
coffee houses of the bazars. Unfortunately, nowadays, television
has taken the place of the traditional bard.
Slide 50
Women have a specific set of songs to be sung. Maryam Akhondy,
a classical singer, collected such songs and published them on her
album "Banu Songs of Persian Women". Maryam Akhondysongs It had
been sung at the cradle, at the housework and work in the fields or
on women's celebrations.
Slide 51
Iran developed its own pop music by the 1950s,when Vigen
Derderian introduced the Guitar for the first time. Later on he
used indigenous instruments and added electric
guitar.introducedLater He became the most popular pop singer of
this period. Later on in 1970's, Googoosh (who was Vigen's student)
became popular.Googooshbecame After the Iranian Revolution in 1979,
pop music's future seemed dark because of the new Islamic laws and
restrictions.dark Many Iranians migrated to foreign countries,
especially Los Angeles in the United States
Slide 52
Iranian rock music first developed in the 1970s, but was
largely silent during the 1980s, only to witness a recurrence in
the 1990s.970s One of the notable Heavy metal bands is Angband
which is the first Iranian metal band to release its work
internationally through a European record labelAngband Rock music
in Iran has been influenced by many traditional forms of Iranian
music and popular Western rock bands such as Pink Floyd, AC/DC,
Metallica and Pantera.
Slide 53
With the introduction of satellite television in Iran in the
early 1990s and world- wide recognition of hip hop and its American
artists such as Tupac Shakur, NWA and Eminem, hip hop found a
following among the Iranian youth (mostly born after the Islamic
Revolution of 1979). They started paying attention to the rhythmic
beats and lyrics present in hip hop. Soon they turned from rap
enthusiasts to poets and rap producers, writing about how they saw
life as Iranians and what they wanted from the world.about
Slide 54
Electronic pop Electronic pop Rock Rock Dance Dance Metal
Metal