Demography Society of India Ass. Professor Irina Petrosyan MSU FFLAS 2013
Jun 23, 2015
DemographySocietyof India
Ass. ProfessorIrina Petrosyan
MSUFFLAS2013
Demographics: introduction
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/7-billionhttp://www.economist.com/blogs/multimedia/
2010/11/world_population
• lakh = 100,000 • crore = 10m
Population growth
Historical population of India
Census Pop. %±
1951 361,088,000 —
1961 439,235,000 21.6%
1971 548,160,000 24.8%
1981 683,329,000 24.7%
1991 846,387,888 23.9%
2001 1,028,737,436 21.5%
2011 1,210,193,422 17.6%
Age structure
0-14 years: 29.7% (male 187,450,635/female 165,415,758)
15-64 years: 64.9% (male 398,757,331/female 372,719,379)
65 years and over: 5.5% (male 30,831,190/female 33,998,613)
Median age
total: 26.5 years male: 25.9 years
female: 27.2 years
Fertility rate
• 2.58 children
born/woman
• Goa –
the lowest
• Uttar Pradesh –
the highestCrude birth rate trends in India(per 1000 people, national average
Population density
Rank City name State/UT Pop.
1 Mumbai Maharashtra 12,478,447
2 Delhi Delhi 11,007,835
3 Bangalore Karnataka 8,425,970
4 Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh 6,809,970
5 Ahmedabad Gujarat 5,570,585
6 Chennai Tamil Nadu 4,681,087
7 Kolkata West Bengal 4,486,679
8 Surat Gujarat 4,462,002
9 Pune Maharashtra 3,115,431
10 Jaipur Rajasthan 3,073,350
urban population: 30% of total population rate of urbanization: 2.4% annual rate of change
Literacy rateState/UT Code India/State/UT Literate Persons (%) Males (%) Females (%)
10 Bihar 63.82 73.39 53.33
32 Kerala 93.91 96.02 91.98
INDIA 74.04 82.14 65.46
Infant mortality rate
total: 46.07 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 67.14 years male: 66.08 years female: 68.33 years
Ethnic groups
• Indo-Aryan 72%,
• Dravidian 25%,
• Mongoloid and Negrito 3%
Genetics
• fewer females since prehistoric times• tribes and castes – highly differentiated• Austroasiatic tribals – the earliest settlers in
India (?)• most population migrated from the northeast • the Tibeto-Burman tribals – the Austroasiatic
tribals – south China (?)• the Dravidian tribals – used to be more
widespread but moved to the south• the upper castes – closer to Central Asian
populations, but not that much in southern India• “melting pot”
7 billion
• The 7th billion person
born in Uttar Pradesh,
India, in 2011
• Malthusian theory of the English economist Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834) stated that increases in population tend to exceed increases in the means of subsistence and that therefore sexual restraint should be exercised
Population growth implications
• unbalanced population (north – south, urban – rural)
• strategic asset for India: innovation, army, etc.
• growing demand in
jobs,
schools,
opportunities,
resources.
Population growth implications
• gender discrimination – ‘gendercide’, ‘foeticide’• child marriages (for protection, debt cancellation,
capture, etc.)• girl = somebody else’s wealth• migration, ‘trafficking’, of women• Sex ratio:at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.13 m/f 15-64 years: 1.07 m/f 65 years and over: 0.9 m/f total population: 1.08 m/f
Next class
Lecture: Economy
Presentation:The economic prospects of India
Discussion: What’s the recipe for economic success?