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QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Index
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Peter Bowers
Developing literacy and critical thinking through scientific inquiry about how English spelling works.
Developing literacy and critical thinking through scientific inquiry about how English spelling works.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Structured Word Inquiry
Index
• English Spelling
Index
• English Spelling❖ irregular, unreliable, crazy, frustrating...
Index
• English Spelling❖ irregular, unreliable, crazy, frustrating...
• Spelling Instruction
Index
• English Spelling❖ irregular, unreliable, crazy, frustrating...
• English Spelling❖ irregular, unreliable, crazy, frustrating...
Index
This is a hypothesis that can be tested through scientific inquiry.
• English Spelling❖ irregular, unreliable, crazy, frustrating...
Index
Structured Word Inquiry
Developing literacy and critical thinking through scientific inquiry about how English spelling works.
Developing literacy and critical thinking through scientific inquiry about how English spelling works.
This is a hypothesis that can be tested through scientific inquiry.
• English Spelling❖ irregular, unreliable, crazy, frustrating...
Index
English spelling works?
• English Spelling❖ irregular, unreliable, crazy, frustrating...
Index
“…[L]earning to read is learning how to use the conventional forms of printed language to obtain meaning from words…
Rayner, Foorman, Perfetti, Pesetsky, & Seidenberg,et al. (2001). How psychological science informs the teaching of reading, American
Psychological Society, 2, 31-74.
Index
“…[L]earning to read is learning how to use the conventional forms of printed language to obtain meaning from words…This view implies that the child learning how to read needs to learn how his or her writing system works [emphasis added]” (p. 34).
Rayner, Foorman, Perfetti, Pesetsky, & Seidenberg,et al. (2001). How psychological science informs the teaching of reading, American
Psychological Society, 2, 31-74.
Index
“…[L]earning to read is learning how to use the conventional forms of printed language to obtain meaning from words…This view implies that the child learning how to read needs to learn how his or her writing system works [emphasis added]” (p. 34).
Rayner, Foorman, Perfetti, Pesetsky, & Seidenberg,et al. (2001). How psychological science informs the teaching of reading, American
Psychological Society, 2, 31-74.
Assuming English spelling has conventions that work, let’s...
Index
Test our systems for teaching spelling against the spelling system.
Index
criesskyreallyballhelpfulfullsee, seaheto, too, twotheir, there
ORIGIN Middle English : from be- [about] + Old English cwis [speech,] influenced by bequeath .
⨯ equestrianORIGIN mid 17th cent. (as an adjective): from Latin equester ‘belonging to a horseman’ (from eques ‘horseman, knight,’ from equus ‘horse’ ) + -ian .
ORIGIN Middle English : from be- [about] + Old English cwis [speech,] influenced by bequeath .
⨯ equestrianORIGIN mid 17th cent. (as an adjective): from Latin equester ‘belonging to a horseman’ (from eques ‘horseman, knight,’ from equus ‘horse’ ) + -ian .
quest → questquests → quest + sinquest → in + questquested → quest +edrequest → re + questconquest → con + questinquests → in + quest + squesting → quest + ing question → quest + ion
requests → re + quest + sconquests → con + quest + s questions → quest + ion + srequested → re + quest +ed questioned → quest + ion + edrequesting → re + quest + ingquestioning → quest + ion + ingquestionable → quest + ion + ableunquestionable → un + quest + ion + able
What does the interrelation of this family look like?
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
Investigate word structure & meaning
quest → questquests → quest + sinquest → in + questquested → quest +edrequest → re + questconquest → con + questinquests → in + quest + squesting → quest + ing question → quest + ion
requests → re + quest + sconquests → con + quest + s questions → quest + ion + srequested → re + quest +ed questioned → quest + ion + edrequesting → re + quest + ingquestioning → quest + ion + ingquestionable → quest + ion + ableunquestionable → un + quest + ion + able
What does the interrelation of this family look like?
uninre
con
questLatin Rootquaerere
‘ask, seek, gain’
singed
ionablesing
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
uninre
con
questLatin Rootquaerere ‘ask, seek,
gain’
singed
ionablesing
Investigate word structure & meaning
Orthographic morphological
relatives
uninre
con
questLatin Rootquaerere ‘ask, seek,
gain’
singed
ionablesing
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
un +
Investigate word structure & meaning
Orthographic morphological
relatives
uninre
con
questLatin Rootquaerere ‘ask, seek,
gain’
singed
ionablesing
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
un + quest +
Investigate word structure & meaning
Orthographic morphological
relatives
uninre
con
questLatin Rootquaerere ‘ask, seek,
gain’
singed
ionablesing
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
un + quest + ion +
Investigate word structure & meaning
Orthographic morphological
relatives
uninre
con
questLatin Rootquaerere ‘ask, seek,
gain’
singed
ionablesing
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
un + quest + ion + ing →
Investigate word structure & meaning
Orthographic morphological
relatives
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
un + quest + ion + ing → unquestioning
uninre
con
questLatin Rootquaerere ‘ask, seek,
gain’
singed
ionablesing
Investigate word structure & meaning
Orthographic morphological
relatives
uninre
con
questLatin Rootquaerere ‘ask, seek,
gain’
singed
ionablesing
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
con +
Investigate word structure & meaning
Orthographic morphological
relatives
uninre
con
questLatin Rootquaerere ‘ask, seek,
gain’
singed
ionablesing
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
con + quest +
Investigate word structure & meaning
Orthographic morphological
relatives
uninre
con
questLatin Rootquaerere ‘ask, seek,
gain’
singed
ionablesing
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
con + quest + s →
Investigate word structure & meaning
Orthographic morphological
relatives
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
con + quest + s → conquests
uninre
con
questLatin Rootquaerere ‘ask, seek,
gain’
singed
ionablesing
Investigate word structure & meaning
Orthographic morphological
relatives
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
Etymological relatives...Include a larger family of words:
Investigate word structure & meaning
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
Etymological relatives...Include a larger family of words:•All those that can be shown in a word matrix (share a base element)
uninre
conquestLatin Rootquaerere
‘ask, seek, gain’
singed
ionablesing
Investigate word structure & meaning
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
Etymological relatives...Include a larger family of words:•All those that can be shown in a word matrix (share a base element)
•Also words of the same root origin but not the same base element.
uninre
conquestLatin Rootquaerere
‘ask, seek, gain’
singed
ionablesing
Investigate word structure & meaning
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
Etymological relatives...Include a larger family of words:
Recall references citing <*-tion> suffix:Oxford English Dictionary
relationcompletion
Index
Recall references citing <*-tion> suffix:Oxford English Dictionary
relation → relate/ + ioncompletion → complete/ + ion
Index
Question:
Index
Question:
How many of us have explicitly taught our students that asking a question literally means to go on a quest for knowledge?
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
Why do most of us fail to see the link between <quest> and <question>?
Investigate word structure & meaning
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling...
Investigate word structure & meaning
Index
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
Investigate word structure & meaning
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
• Often directs attention away from spelling-meaning links
Investigate word structure & meaning
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
• Often directs attention away from spelling-meaning links- Emphasizes the spelling of the syllable pronounced /tʃən/
Investigate word structure & meaning
<question>
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
• Often directs attention away from spelling-meaning links- Emphasizes the spelling of the syllable pronounced /tʃən/ but not the base (meaning-bearing element).
Investigate word structure & meaning
<question>
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
Investigate word structure & meaning
<qu-e-s-t>
<question>
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
• Often directs attention away from spelling-meaning links- Emphasizes the spelling of the syllable pronounced /tʃən/ but not the base (meaning-bearing element).
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
Investigate word structure & meaning
<qu-e-s-t> /kwɛstʃ/
<question>
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
• Often directs attention away from spelling-meaning links- Emphasizes the spelling of the syllable pronounced /tʃən/ but not the base (meaning-bearing element).
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
• Cannot teach that the pronunciation of morphemes shift across words in English.
Investigate word structure & meaning
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
<quest>
basespelled
• Cannot teach that the pronunciation of morphemes shift across words in English.
Investigate word structure & meaning
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
• Cannot teach that the pronunciation of morphemes shift across words in English.
<quest>
basespelled
basepronounced
/kwɛstʃ/
Investigate word structure & meaning
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
• Cannot teach that the pronunciation of morphemes shift across words in English.
<quest>
basespelled
basepronounced
/kwɛstʃ/ question, questionable...
Investigate word structure & meaning
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
• Cannot teach that the pronunciation of morphemes shift across words in English.
<quest>
basespelled
basepronounced
/kwɛstʃ/
/kwɛst/
question, questionable...
Investigate word structure & meaning
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
• Cannot teach that the pronunciation of morphemes shift across words in English.
<quest>
basespelled
basepronounced
/kwɛstʃ/
/kwɛst/
question, questionable...
quest, inquest, requested...
Investigate word structure & meaning
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
• Cannot teach that the pronunciation of morphemes shift across words in English.
<quest>
basespelled
basepronounced
/kwɛstʃ/
/kwɛst/
question, questionable...
quest, inquest, requested...
Investigate word structure & meaning
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
• Cannot teach that the pronunciation of morphemes shift across words in English.
<do>
basespelled
basepronounced
Investigate word structure & meaning
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
<do>
basespelled
basepronounced
/du:/ doing, undo, redo
• Cannot teach that the pronunciation of morphemes shift across words in English.
Investigate word structure & meaning
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
<do>
basespelled
basepronounced
/dʌ/
doing, undo, redo
does, done
• Cannot teach that the pronunciation of morphemes shift across words in English.
Investigate word structure & meaning
/du:/
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
<do>
basespelled
basepronounced
/dʌ/
do ingesne
• Cannot teach that the pronunciation of morphemes shift across words in English.
Investigate word structure & meaning
/du:/
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
<do>
basespelled
basepronounced
/dʌ/
do + ing → doingdo + es → doesdo + ne → done
do ingesne
• Cannot teach that the pronunciation of morphemes shift across words in English.
Investigate word structure & meaning
/du:/
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Mean? Built?
Relatives?Pronunciation?
go + ing → goinggo + es → goesgo + ne → gone
do + ing → doingdo + es → doesdo + ne → done
dogo
ingesne
• Cannot teach that the pronunciation of morphemes shift across words in English.
Investigate word structure & meaning
An instructional emphasis on the role of sound in spelling without reference to morphology (or etymology) has predictable consequences.
Index
Assumptions of Structured Word Inquiry:
Index
Assumptions of Structured Word Inquiry:•English spelling makes sense.
Index
go + ing → goinggo + es → goesgo + ne → gone
do + ing → doingdo + es → doesdo + ne → done
dogo
ingesne
uninre
conquest
Latin Rootquaerere
‘ask, seek, gain’
singed
ionablesing
Assumptions of Structured Word Inquiry:•English spelling makes sense.
Index
Assumptions of Structured Word Inquiry:•English spelling makes sense.•Children deserve to learn how their writing system works.
go + ing → goinggo + es → goesgo + ne → gone
do + ing → doingdo + es → doesdo + ne → done
dogo
ingesne
uninre
conquest
Latin Rootquaerere
‘ask, seek, gain’
singed
ionablesing
Index
Assumptions of Structured Word Inquiry:•English spelling makes sense.•Children deserve to learn how their writing system works.•Teachers require accurate resources and training.
go + ing → goinggo + es → goesgo + ne → gone
do + ing → doingdo + es → doesdo + ne → done
dogo
ingesne
uninre
conquest
Latin Rootquaerere
‘ask, seek, gain’
singed
ionablesing
Index
Investigate word structure & meaning
Assumptions of Structured Word Inquiry:•English spelling makes sense.•Children deserve to learn how their writing system works.•Teachers require accurate resources and training.•Spelling can be investigated and understood through scientific inquiry -- with the proper tools and resources.
do + es → doesdo + ing → doinggo + es → goesgo + ne → gonequest + ion → questioncon + quest + s → conquestsact + ion → actioninvent + ion → inventionlocate + ion → locationprotect + ionvacate + ion → vacationcomplete + ion → comletionrelate + ion → relation