Index a-iron single crystal 334 a-iron 328 I'-ray spectrometry 61 56 Fe 206 57Fe 206 74Ge+ 207 ab initio calculation 361 ab initio calculations 383 ab-initio computations 368 absorption 127,131,225 accel-decel-type potential layout 212 accelerators 357 acoustic phonons 379 activated hydrogen atom 182 activation analysis 61 ad-atom 355 adiabatic calorimetry 365 adsorption 129,280 AES 283 alkali metals 352 alloy softening and irradiation softening 343 alloying element 277 aluminum 249 angle-resolved XPS 284 angular correlation of annihilation radiation 372,374,378 anharmonicity 396 anion exchange 81 anion exchange in hydrochloric acid media 98 anion-exchange chromatography 84, 91 anion-exchange purification 74,87 anion-exchange separation 72 anionic complex 79 anisotropy 256 anisotropy of bulk residual resistivity 261 anisotropy, elastic 352 annealing 97,121 annihilation photons 370 anomalous slip in bcc metal 332 anti-twinning direction 330 application ofa magnetic field 270 aqueous chemical method 72 aqueous chemical separation 79 aqueous precipitation technique 97 Arrhenius law 387 association entropy 360 asymmetric boundary 298 atomic defects 349 ff. atomistic configuration 282 Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) 278 axial stress 308 back-extraction 115, 123 back-scattering 58 background problem 363, 366, 368, 393,394,397 ballistic electron transport 267 basic reaction mechanisms of gases 129 beam divergence 213 /3+ I'-technique 371 bicrystals 298 Bloch-Griineisen law 251 Bloch-wave states 387 Born-Oppenheimer approximation 357 Bravais lattices 366 Brillouin zone 258 Burgers vector 306
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Index [link.springer.com]978-3-642-56255-6/1.pdf · Index a-iron single crystal 334 a-iron 328 I'-ray spectrometry 61 56Fe 206 57Fe 206 74Ge+ 207 ab initio calculation 361 ab initio
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Index
a-iron single crystal 334a-iron 328I'-ray spectrometry 6156 Fe 20657Fe 20674Ge+ 207
ab initio calculation 361ab initio calculations 383ab-initio computations 368absorption 127,131,225accel-decel-type potential layout 212accelerators 357acoustic phonons 379activated hydrogen atom 182activation analysis 61ad-atom 355adiabatic calorimetry 365adsorption 129,280AES 283alkali metals 352alloy softening and irradiation softening
343alloying element 277aluminum 249angle-resolved XPS 284angular correlation of annihilation
radiation 372,374,378anharmonicity 396anion exchange 81anion exchange in hydrochloric acid
anisotropy, elastic 352annealing 97,121annihilation photons 370anomalous slip in bcc metal 332anti-twinning direction 330application of a magnetic field 270aqueous chemical method 72aqueous chemical separation 79aqueous precipitation technique 97Arrhenius law 387association entropy 360asymmetric boundary 298atomic defects 349 ff.atomistic configuration 282Auger electron spectroscopy (AES)
278axial stress 308
back-extraction 115, 123back-scattering 58background problem 363, 366, 368,
393,394,397ballistic electron transport 267basic reaction mechanisms of gases
129beam divergence 213/3+I'-technique 371bicrystals 298Bloch-Griineisen law 251Bloch-wave states 387Born-Oppenheimer approximation
357Bravais lattices 366Brillouin zone 258Burgers vector 306
318critical shear stress 306crowdions 353crucible material 116crystal defects 349crystal growth after purification 165crystal perfection 105
Curie temperature 384current density 51cyclic-deformation technique 329cyclotron motion 270Czochralski technique 165
o-phase 392DC conductivity, 0"0, of a cubic metal
261de Broglie wavelength 267Debye temperature 251,389,396Debye temperature, e, of aluminum
254decarburization 119, 136, 139, 183decarburization of Fe 187deceleration 230deceleration technique 208deflection 232degassing kinetics 133degassing 133degassing reaction 133degassing time 133dehydration 123denitrogenization 183denitrogenization of Co 189denitrogenization of Fe 186density of states 395deoxidation 182deoxidation of Co 188deoxidation of Fe 184deoxidation technique 3, 4dependence on axis orientation 260dependence on surface orientation 256deposition 108, 204, 206deposition rate 109, 122desorption 127,129,131deterioration of the purity 139deviations from Matthiessen's rule
251,252diamond-like carbon film 206diaphragm 54differential dilatometry 366 ff., 386,
E x B type mass filter 214EBFZM 122effective activation enthalpies 369effective flow stress of bcc metal 325effective formation enthalpy 370effective formation entropy 370effective partition coefficient 55effective valence 138efficiency of purification 94Einstein's coefficient 227elastic interaction 358elastic-interaction model 336electrical property 249electrical resistivity 31-33,106,256electrical resistivity contributions 128electrical resistivity in cubic metal
358Freeman-type ion source 211Frenkel defects 350Frenkel pairs 349,350,355,396,398Fuchs-Sondheimer theory 256fused salt 14fused salt electrolysis 107, 113, 121FZ- (floating zone) purified Fe 218
gadolinium 13, 19,23,25, 170galvanomagnetic size effect 271gas atmosphere 131gaseous environments 126Gaussian lineshape 227GdOCI 27,29Gedankenexperiment 355-357gettering 137Gibbs free enthalpies of the different
core configuration 341global indication 62glow discharge mass spectrometric
(GDMS) 193gradient force 228grain boundaries 349grain boundary segregation 283,291group IVa metals 105group Va metals 114group VIa metals 121
group VIla metals 125Group-V transition metals 396Group-VI transition metals 396
hafnium 109Halbkristallage 355,356,360halide flux 6hardness 190harmonic oscillators 356,396heat of solution 129heat treatment 121hematite Fe203 powder 216Henry's law 9hexagonal metals 369high-corrosion-resistance Fe film 215high-purity 203high-purity chromium 77high-purity cobalt 83high-purity iron 80high-purity titanium 34high-purity vanadium 74high-temperature annealing 131, 135high-temperature calorimetry 365,
kinetic energy 204kink pair 311kink theory of bcc metal 334kink-pair formation enthalpy 336Kroll process 111Kroll sponge 72
Langmuir-McLean equation 280lanthanum 13, 17, 19,22,25,167laser 223laser manipulation 227lifetime spectrometry 378, 379light-induced drift 237limiting current of diffusion 52line-tension model 337linear I-V characteristic 255liquid metal-through distillation 157liquid-liquid extraction 109,115,119,
122Lomer model 362Lomer-Cottrell dislocation 315long-range internal stress model 316Lorentz force 272Lorentzian lineshape 227low-energy 203lutetium 173
mean free path 256,261,267,290mean lifetime 381melting technique 81melting temperatures 359mesoscopic system 268metal extraction 47, 98metal-gas reactions 130metal-oxygen systems 134metallic impurities 104, 112microplastic deformation 324microwave (2.45-GHz) discharge 212microwave ion source 211migration 60,206misorientation 298mobility of an ion during SSE 159modulation calorimetry 365molten salt electrolysis 104, 114, 115,
117,119,121,139molybdenum 122,328,339molybdenum single crystal 322,327momentum distribution 371Mond-Langer process 59monovacancies 351,352,355,384monovacancy formation entropy 390monovacancy migration 363monovacancy migration enthalpy 390motional averaging 383multi-component system 281multi-photon process 237multiple vacancies 351muon spin rotation 391
native oxide layer 288negative bend resistance 267neodymium 13, 17, 19, 22, 25,168Nernst-Lindemann equation 394Nernst-Lindemann temperature 394,
395neutralizing electrons 214neutron activation 62niobium 6, 114, 193,328niobium single crystal 323nitrogen 127,129,130nominal purity 65non-conservation of paritynonequilibrium segregationnonlinear I-V characteristicnonmetallic impurities 112normal process 251
normalization of treatment 65nuclear magnetic moments 382nuclear reactions 62
obstacle profile 319Ohm's law 260,267onset of slip 308open orbits 272optimization of rinsing 94optimum elution condition 98Orowan equation 318overpotential 51oxidation 289oxide layer 140oxygen 127,133oxygen solubility 135oxyhalide 7,25
1l"-mesons 381partial pressures 132partition coefficient 54, 94Peierls barrier 311,336Peierls potential 311,337Peierls potential of the first kind 311Peierls potential of the second kind
311Peierls valley 311phase coherence length 267phonon scattering 63, 387phonons 350,356physical sputtering 207pick-up of carbon 136plasma arc melting 181plastic behaviour of pure bcc metal
319Poisson's ratio 376polycrystal 291,389positive muons 380 ff.positron age 371positron annihilation 370,383,386,
positron traps 374positron-vacancy binding energy 377positron-annihilation 370 ff., 386, 392positrons 370powder metallurgy (PM) 125praseodymium 13, 17, 19,22,25, 168pre-purification 122precipitated compound 46precipitates 128precipitation 42, 115, 280preliminary purification 42pressure dependence 352,354prevacancy effect 388primary ion-beam deposition 203problematic elements 119production flow-sheet 110proton activation 62proton activation analysis 85pulse calorimetry 365pure manganese 79pure nickel 85purification 223purification effect 105, 124purification of chromium 77purification of cobalt 83purification of copper 89purification of copper in aqueous
solution 89purification of iron 80purification of manganese 78purification of nickel 85purification of titanium 71purification of vanadium 74purification of zinc 97purification routes for rare earth metals
radiation damage 220radiation force 228radionuclides 62rapid-heating calorimetry 365
Index 409
rare earth metal 3rate of evaporation 58rate-controlling process 133ratio of elimination 94RE-O 19re-contamination 105reaction mechanisms 130reaction parameters 134reactive distillation 59,81reactive metal 3reactivity 109recombination 129, 132redistribution 112redistribution of electron density 267reduction 111,115,123,126reduction of the oxide 145reduction process 72refining efficiency 106refining mechanism 198reflection 233refractory metal 103, 128, 183relaxation 355relaxation time 258remelting 104removal of alloying elements 195removal of metallic impurity element
192removal of nonmetallic impurity 182repeatable step 355residual carbon concentration 136residual gas atmosphere 139,140residual gas molecule flux 208residual resistance ratio 250residual resistivity 122,250residual resistivity ratio 29,31,33,63,
saddle-point 353samarium 169saturation effects 372scandium 173scattering force 228Schmid factor 310Schmid's law 306,310
410 Index
screening 358secondary system 309sector-type electromagnet 214segregation 55,86, 112,277selective removal 41selective vaporization 86self-diffusion 352,369,397self-interstitial 350,352,355,361self-localized states 388semiconductor film 203sensitivity 61separation 109sesquioxide 19shear-stress law 308short-range obstacle 316SiCl4 212Sievert's law 11,21, 129Sigmund's theory 207silicon 200similar elements 109similarity 104simultaneous reaction 42single crystals 124site competition 295size effect 252, 256skull melting 109slip direction 305slip geometry of pure bcc metal 320slip plane 305softening of bcc metals by atomic defect
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