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Fetal head, hyperextension of, 98Fetal head molding, 350-352Fetal heart rate
effect of pressure on, 419-421intrapartum monitoring of, 53-54
Fetal malformations, and ultrasound,194
Fetal-maternal mass studies, 127-128Fetal rnortality, according to type of
delivery, 96-97Fetal motion, visualization of, 175Fetal parietal bone
bone-thickness values for , 340deformations, 344-346
Index
Fetal parietal bone (cont.)finite element analysis of, 338finite element model of, 339 , 335-349loading data , 34 1-342material pr operties of, 339-341struetural geometry of, 336-339
Fetal peripheral pH, perinatal ehanges in,95
Fetal/plaeental weight ratio , 129-131Fetal positions, abnormal, 408-411Fetal sealp pH testing, 148Fetal skulI, regions of, 335Fetal skull bone
Head-to-cervix pressures, 378 , 397, 398compared to amniotie fluid pressures,
388-39 3sehematie diagram of, 381
Heart rate monitor, 33Hemorrhage
antepartum, 186eaused by head eompression, 72cerebellar, 65-66germinal layer (GLH), 50-52intraventricular (IVH), 50-52, 70-71model for , in newborn infant brain,
Hyperinsulinemia, fetal , 136Hypertonic solutions, and cerebral blood
flow alternation, 70-71Hyperviscosity, in IUGR neonates, 151Hypocalcemia, in IUGR infant, 150-151Hypoglycemia, in IUGR neonate, 150Hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia, 151Hypoparathyroidism, in IUGR infants,
151Hypotonic inertia, displa cement of fetal
skull bones in, 402Hypoventilation. chronic, 24Hypoxia
evidence of in SIDS autopsies, 21-22in prolonged sleep apnea, 10
145and sex chromosome abnormalities, 123treatrnent, 64
Intrauterine pressure, measurement of,362
Intrauterine stress, and neurologichandicap, 62-63
Intrauterine tokometry, 364-368Intraventricular antibiotic therapy, 69Intraventricular hemorrhage, and
hypertonic solutions, 70-71IQ scores , 232
and androgenic hormones, 261and biomechanics of deliver y
presentation, 298in children of alcoholi c mothers, 246in children of smokers, 254and forceps delivery, 300-301and labor patterns, 299and progesterone, 262of SGA infants, 62
Ischernia, model for, in newborn infantbrain, 51-52
Ketamine, effect on infant performance,241-242
Ketamine-nitrous oxide, effect on infantperformance, 241-242
LAAM (lambda-alpha-acetyl-methadol),237
Index
Laborsecond stage, press ures on fetal
cranium, 411-413stress factors in, 357
Labor patterns, effects on neonatal wellbeing, 299-300
Lashley III maze, 273Lead
as environmental toxicant, 263neurotoxic effects , 262-263and visual deterioration, 263-264
Leukomalaci a, 1-2,55Lidocaine pudental block, effect on infant
238, 239, 240, 242Neonatal complieations, related to IUCR,
148-151
436
Neo natal intensive care unit (NICU),salvage rates, 48-50
Neura l tube de fects, and ultr asound,191-194
Neurobehaviora l Exam inat ion , 239-240Neurologica l sequelae, 01'IUGR infan ts,
154-155Neuromuscu lar d rive
cessat ion 01', 6-7reflex suppression 01', 7-8
Neuro transmitters, activity levelregul ation de velopment, 266 -268
Nitrous oxide, effect on cere bra I bloodflow, 70
Nonstress testin g (NST), in IUGR , 144Nuchal arm, 97Nullipara, normal contraction 01', 376Nutrition , and teratogenesis, 257-260
Obstetric drugssta tistical stud ies 0[, 237-239ter atogen ic ef fects, 237 - 244and visual beh avior, 243- 244
Occipita l osteodias tasis, from birt htr auma, 65-66
Ope n-field test, 233Operant performance test, 233Oxford record er, 23Oxygen dep rivat ion , and IUGR, 129Oxytocin , use in breech presentat ion , 111Oxytocin cha llenge test (OCT ), in IUGR,
Peri ven tricular leukom alacia (PVL), 5 1Pethidine, effect on fetal br eathing , 207Phased ar ray secto r scan, 169Phenergan , 242Phen obarbitol, neona te with d rawal, 248Phenothiazines
effects 01'pren atal use, 249learning defi cit effects, 273
Phenylketonuria (PKU) syndro me, 258Piper for ceps, in breech delivery, 101-102Placental ana tomy, and menstrua l age,
187Placental d ynarn ics, 184-1 86Placental dysfunction , 64Placental factors, and fetal growth,
129-1 32Placental tum ors, ultrasoni c d iagn osis 01',
183Placen ta previa , 186Placentogr aphy, 183-1 89Pneumogram techn ique, for res piration
and heart rate record ing , 26- 27Pneumogra ms, 28 -29Podalic version, and tentorial tears , 96Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)
and dev elopmental toxicity, 264-265ne urot oxic effects , 262-263
Polycythem ia, in IUGR neon ates, 151Polygrap h, 23Polyhydramnios, 194Ponderal index, 119, 128Posteri or fossa hem orrh age, 66Postnatal growt h, 01'IUGR infa nts,
153-1 54Pregnan cy, effect 01'alco hol consumption
in, 244-247Pregnancy confirma tion, with ultrasound,
176Premature deliver y, and trauma, 30 1Prematurity
and cerebra l palsy, 30 1defined,46
Pre ssure gradient, effeets on fetalcra nium, 357- 425
Pre term infant , 46, 47Priloeain e, effeet in neon ates, 238-239Priming effeet, 6 1Primiparity, and neon atal neu rologie
ab nor malities, 67Progestero nes, teratogen ic stud ies,
260-262
Index
Prostaglandins, and fetal grow th, 136-1 37Protein restriction s, and IVCR , 128Pud en dal block anesthetic technique , 112Pyrid oxin e dep rivation , 259
Qu iet sleep , 13
Radi ation hazard , 72- 74Radiation sparing effect, of CT scanning,
72Radi onucleotide brain scanning, 69Real-time visua lization, 167-1 70Region al anes the tic technique, 112Ren al fun ction , ultrasound observation of,
214-21 8Reserpine , anima l beh avior al studies with ,
266Respirator y dis tr ess syndrome (RDS), 46 ,
209Retardation , PKV-rel ated , 267Retinoic acid, see Vitamin ARhesus incompatability, 187Ritod rine, in IVCR treatm ent, 147Rosvold -Mirsky swimming maze, 273Rubell a virus, and IVCR, 124
Salbutamol, in IVCR treatm en t, 147Salicylate s, teratogenic effects, 251, 273Scanning meth ods
Sodium bicarbonate, infusion of, 70Soma tomed in C, and fetal growth, 136Sonography, 142; see also VItrasoundSpinal cord trauma, 66-67Splinting effect, in breech presentation,
92-93Stornach function, visualization, 214Strength of Association, defined , 238Subdural hem orrhage , from birth trauma,
65Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) , 2,
11-12, 14,17-1 9,21 -22
Tartazine, teratogenic effects, 259-260Technetium-99m brain scanning, 57Tentori al tear , from birth trauma, 65Teratology, defined, 231Terbutalin , effect on fetal br eathing, 207T estoste rone, teratogenic stud ies,
260-262Testosterone depression, du e to narcotic
tre atm ent, 235Thalidomide, effects of pren atal use , 249Theophylline
for apnea of prematurity, 25-28for apnea treatment, 37-38for ful l-time infants, 29
Theory of Ilexure, 3 18, 320Thiazides, for antihypertensive tre atment
in pregn an cy, 146Thiopentone
effect on cerebra l blood llow, 70effeet on infant performan ce, 241-242
Thiopenton e-nit rou s oxide, effect oninfant performance, 241-242
T hree-dimen sional imaging, 170-1 72T hromboem bolic lesions, 69- 70T hyroidectom y, 134Thyro id hormon e, teratogen ic effects,
and abnormal fetal growth, 139-142antepartum hemorrhage, 186confirmation of pregnancy, 176Doppler devices, 172early and late amniocentesis, 187-189fetal age, 181, 199fetal growth, 199-203fetal weight, 203-204in first trimester, 173-182gray-scale imaging, 166intra- or extrauterine location of
pregnancy, 176multiple pregnancy, 64, 180in normal and high-risk pregnancy,
165-220pelvic mass, 182possible prospects for, 219-220real-time visualization, 167-170recent developments in, 165-172rhesus incompatability, 187safety of, 172in second and third trimesters, 182-219three-dimensional, 170-172vaginal bleeding, 177-180ultrasonic beam focusing, 166-167
adaptation to labor, 358-361changes in, during pregnancy, 359funetions in reproductive process, 358just after delivery, 360muscle fiber arrangement in, 358
Vaginal bleeding, 177Vaginal delivery, 93Vasoactive drugs, and cerebral blood flow
alteration, 71Ventilation
defective control of, 11-20regulation of alveolar, 4-6