Index [link.springer.com]978-0-230-50230-7/1.pdf · 258 Index CMS network, 223 CMT, 199, 201 Coats Viyella, 195-6 Code of Practice on Voluntary Dispute Resolution and the Industrial

Index

ABB,26 Abo, T., 58 acquisitions and mergers, see mergers

and acquisitions Adidas, 36 Adler, P. S., 59, 61 Adtranz, 42 Advanced Institute of Management

Research, 49 Agreement on Textiles and Clothing

in 2005, see ATC AIDS, 35 Airbus, 42 Albert, M., 241 Alcan, 26 Alcoa, 26 Allen & Overy, 229 Alusuisse, 26 Amdahl, 99 American Chamber of Commerce

(ACC), 103 Organization of Working Time, 103

American managers, 15, 56, 146 American MNCs, 29, 56, 100, 105, 133

consequences for IR, 101, 88, 139 'country-of-origin' influences in,

151 diffusion of employment practices

in, 141 employment practices in European

subsidiaries of, 132 FDI primacy of, 101 international employment

strategies of, 133 management-labour relations,

142-3, see also IR; labour; trade unions; unions

pay and rewards system, 142, see also HRM

personnel policy, 143-4 practices, organizational effects on,

146 strategies of, 133

subsidiaries in Ireland, 2, 13, 89-98, see also under Ireland

training courses, 143 transfer of practices, 141,

see also under transfer in the UK, management of

employment relations in, 141, see also under UK

union-avoidance strategies, 62, 139, see also unions

workers, seeking to maintain employment security, 56

Americas, 137 Amicus, 137-8 Amoore, L., 7, 54 Anglo-American models, 72, 241 Anglo Saxon, 131

approach, 157 business practices, 131, 134 HR/IR practices, 131 law, 18

arbitraging between legal systems, 218,219,235

arrhythmic production, 179 'arrhythmic Taylorism', 170 Arthurs, H. W., 37-8 Ashmore,] ., 88-9, 97 AT&T, 34 ATC, phasing out of, 194 Audi, 158 Austria, 138, 230

Bair, ]., 9 Bansal, P., 120 Barroso, J. M., 247 Bartlett, C. A., 46 Becker, B., 118 Beiten Burkhardt Goerdeler, 234 Belanger, J., 2, 6, 10-11, 14, 54 Belgium, 42, 137, 223 Bell Helicopter Textron, 38 Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream company,

126

256

Berle, A., 39 Berwin & Berwin, 199 Betty Barclay, 196 Bluhm, K., 161 BMB, 199 BMW, 160 Body Shop, 127 Boeing, 42 Bombardier Inc., 40-5, 49 Bombardier]. A., 40 Bonazzi, G., 171 'borderless world' see under globalization boundary spanners see under social

capital Boyer, R., 60-1, 156-8, 163-4, 242 Boyle, E. H., 214 BP (British Petroleum), 48 branch-plants, 61, 80-1

approach, 62 imagery, 77, 79 model, 80 weakness of, 62

'brand identity', 225 Brannick, T., 98 Brazil, 41 Britain, 63, 87, 194, see also England;

UK British clothing firms/industry, see UK brownfield

hybridization, entry and early development, 170

non-unionized, 59 unionized, 155

Brussels, 224-5, 244 comitology, see under EU consensus see EU;

neoliberal/neoliberalism Bulgaria, 203 Bundeslander, 157 Burawoy, M., 30, 32, 48, 172 Burberry, 196, 199

Canada, 37-8,40-1, 43 capitalism/capitalisms, 241

embedded forms o( 156 internationalism, 248 see also varieties of capitalism (VoC)

capital-labour relationship, 54 CAPITB Trust, 197, 205

Index 257

Carroll, W. K., 38, 39 case-study analysis of a big American

MNC, 135 CE, 155-81 CEE countries/states, 202, 207 Central Europe (CE), see CE Centre de recherche interuniversitaire

sur Ia mondialisation et le travail (CRIMT), 48

Child, J ., 54 child labour, 33 China, 27, 36-7, 48, 78, 124, 160,

187,192,202-3,207, 216 Christian-Democratic, 251 civil society, 250-1, 253 class struggle, 248-9, 252 Clifford Chance Piinder, 229 clothing enterprise/industry, 184

branding capability abandoned, 198 CMT (cut-make-trim), 189 competences/capabilities, 187-8, 208 competitive strategies, 208 development and planning, 189 divergent ownership profiles, 196 domestically anchored firms,

analysis of, 186 firm size, turnover and ownership,

194-7 five types o( 190 German see under German/Germany global production networks,

development of, 200-4 labour market segmentation, 190, 204 low-wage countries, 200 outward processing (OPT) versus

full package, 204 popularity of foreign sourcing, 203 powerful domestic retailers, close

relationships to, 198 product and market strategy, 189,

198-200 quotas and tariffs, 200 segmentation of the labour market,

208 skill profiles, 197-8 UK firms, see under UK

clothing/industry firms value chain, five ways of organizing,

190, see also value chains

258 Index

CMS network, 223 CMT, 199, 201 Coats Viyella, 195-6 Code of Practice on Voluntary

Dispute Resolution and the Industrial Relations (Amendment) Act, 103

Cohen, D., 112 collective bargaining see under trade

unions Collings, D. G., 87 Collings, S. T., 22 Collings, T., 13 Collinson, D., 31 comitology, see under EU Commission of Inquiry Report, 99,

246 communism, 170, 247 Comor, E. A., 34 company

decision-makers, 246 commitment to, 143 compensation and reward policies,

121 core vision of, 123 culture, 168 values, 143

competitive/competitiveness, 46, 151, 244-5, 251

conglomerates, 63 contingency theory, 45 Conville, P. , 236 coordinating firms, 192, 201

competitive strategies of, 186 in developed economies, 190 employment practices, case-study

evidence, 145 four options, 201 German and UK, 204 networks, lack a strong

coordinating headquarters, 223

outsourcing of manufacturing, 204, see also outsourcing

product strategy, 190 sourcing strategies of, 192

core competence of the firm, 116, 186, 193

core employees, 116, 118, 125 corporate/corporations

American, 139-41, see also American MNCs

codes of conduct, 36 crisis of, 78 culture, 143, 169 ecological response, 120 goal of maximizing efficiency and

profit, 136 HR, 121, see also HRM policy repertoires, 81 profitability, 78 restructuring of, 37-8 restructuring, global programme of,

143 strategies/strategy, 60, 72, 74, 81

corporate law/law firms, see law firms corporate social responsibility, 47,

252, see also under social Courtauld, 195-6 cross-border, 10, 19, 218, 222

cooperation, 37 knowledge diffusion, 14 merger, 18 networks, 208 transfer, 157

cross-national comparison, 147, 193 institutional differences, 144 trade liberalization of, 241 transferability, 21, 215

Czech Republic, 161-2

Daimler Chrysler, 42 Danone, 161 DBS (Digital Broadcasting Satellite),

34 De Ly, F., 216 Digital, 99 Dedoussis, V., 62 Delors, ) ., 245

Growth, Competitiveness and Employment, 245

Deringer-Bruckhaus, 233 developing and developed countries,

82, 184 Dezelay, Y., 235 DG EMPL, 246 Dicken, P., 26, 29, 43 Dickman, M., 158 DiMaggio, P.).. 21

disembedded/ disembedding, see also embedded

liberalism, 20 liberalization, 249 of market competition, 249

Djelic, M.-L., 235 dominance/dominant

effects, 5, 53, 58, 140 practices, 56 reference points, 72 systems, 140 UK strategy, 202

Domsch, M., 161 Donaghy,]. M., 104 Dore, R., 243-4, 247, 252 Dorrenbacher, C., 155-9, 181 'double-breasting', 96, 100-1,

see also IR draft EU Constitutional Treaty, 249 Dunphy, 127 Durand, C., 161 Durkheim, E., 248

eastern Europe, 48 eastern Germany, 42 Ebbinghaus, B., 239 economic

activity, four freedoms of, 244 determinism, 243 imperative, 121-2 integration, 246 socio-economic model of

networking, 134 Economic and Monetary Union, 240 Economic and Social Research

Council, 49 Economist, The, 87 Edwards, P., 2, 6, 10, 11, 14, 48, 54 Edwards, T., 160 EEN (European Environmental

Network), 232 EES, 245 Egan, D., 48 El Ltd, a subsidiary of General

Electric, 99 Eisenach Opel factory, 157, see also

Opel Elementary Technology Units (ETUs),

see ETUs Elger, T., 6, 11-12

Index 259

embedded/embeddedness, 25, 46, 123, 132, 140

of companies, 131 divergent strategies, 186 effects', 29 'liberalism/liberalization', 4, 6, 239,

248-9, 251 Embraer (Empresa Brasileira de

Aeronautica SA), 41 EMDA (Electrical Manufacturers and

Distributors Association of Ireland), 198-9

empirical research, 48, 55, 83 employment practices

comparing institutional frameworks of, 133-5

corporate strategy of individualization of, 148

crisis of, 61 diffusion of, 132 dynamic configurations of, 132 employment relations, 70, 134 individualization of, 147 integration of, within business

units, 144 layer-cake of different historical

models, 175 in MNCs, 132 regulation of, 70, 136, 240 scope for local adaptations of, 144 segmentation of, 177

Enderwick, P., 98 England, 42, see also UK environmental values, 125-6 EP, 247 Escada, 196 ethnocentric, see under MNCs ETUs, 171, 172, 177, 246,253 EU, 2, 7, 19, 28, 37, 42 137, 155, 160,

199,228,235,240 accession countries, 222 Bolkestein Directive, 247 Brussels comitology, 245, 247, 253 Brussels consensus, 20, 239, 252-3 Constitutional Treaty, 250 Charter of Fundamental Rights of

2000,249 decision-making process, 245 economic integration, 241 governance, 244

260 Index

EU - continued imbalance within institutions, 246 key element in the official discourse

of, 240 market liberalism, 247 'symbolic politics' of the, 19 tariff-free trade agreement, 203 trade, 243

Euratex, 198 Eurocrats, 251 Euro-liberalism, spectre of, 244-53 Europe, 43, 56, 137, 178, 225 European

Commission, 252 'European social model', 239, 244-5

insulated from 'global' challenges to, 244

rhetorical commitment to the, 244

integration, 243, 246, 248 European Employment Strategy,

see EES European Parliament, see EP European Union, see EU European Works Councils, see EWC Euro-Tobib, 252 EWC, 26, 136, 145, 177, 180-1 Exxon,26

Fame and Factiva, 187 FDI, 7, 36, 162, 181

developments in Irish public policy on, 101

FDI-dependent economies, 87 global downturn in, 87 in Ireland, see also under Ireland

Ferner, A., 30, 86, 105, 111 Fiat, 160, 170-1, 174, 178 Fichter, M., 159, 181 Finegold, D., 198 Florida, R., 57-8 flexicurity, 245 Fordism, 170, 172 Foreign direct investment (FDI), see FD! Fortune 500 companies, 36, 89 France, 26, 137-8 free market

agenda, 19 concept of, 248 self-regulatory virtues of, 244

French-Canadians, 39 Frenkel, S.)., 35-6 Freshfields, 229, 233 Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, 229 Fruin, M., 59, 61 Frybes, M., 181 Fukuyama, 119

Garth , B. G., 235 GATf (General Agreements on Trade

and Tariffs), 34 GCC, 184, see also global commodity

chain GDP. measure of value added,

not sales, 26 General Electric, 26, 162 General Motors, 27 Gennard, ]., 86 Gereffi, G., 9, 192 Gerhart, B., 118 German/Germany, 37 42, 87, 105,

137-8, 140, 179, 196, 200 clothing firms/industry comparison

with UK, 186, 194-5, 198, 206, 208

co-determination system, pillars of, 158

concentrations of ethnic minority populations, 205

coordinating firms, 201, 204, see also coordinating firms

FDI, 159, see also FDI firms, in Hungary, 159, see also

Hungary firms, direct importing and full

package manufacturing, 202 MNCs, 157-8

in Britain/UK, 131, 156 hybridization, 159, see also

hybridization pluralistic HRM, Anglo Saxon

context, 157, see also HRM; lR

in Spain, 158 Standortdebatte, 15 7 transfer of, 158 and UK coordinating firms,

see under coordinating firms Ghoshal, S., 46, 112 Gleis:; Lutz, 224

global competition, growth of, 32 firms, 213-36 HRM, see under HRM intellectual property rights see

intellectual property rights law firms, see global law firms MNCs, key players, 86 models, 179 networks, 213-36 politics, 34-5 production networks, 186, see also

global commodity chain (GCC) global commodity chain (GCC), 184,

see also clothing industry global law firms, 18, 222, 236

advisers to national governments and the largest MNCs, 228

characterized on two dimensions, 227

'choice of law' principle, 216, 218, 235-6

complex federations of national partnerships, 18

convergence or Americanization, 236

coordinated quasi-firm network, 223 distribution of rewards, 220 global firm model, 225 intellectual property rights, see

intellectual property rights levels of cooperation, 225 networks, types of, 220-3 partnership structure, 220 practice groups, 228 referral systems/networks, 221, 236 rewards, 220, 228 'regulatory arbitrage', see under

arbitrage globalization/anti-globalization, 40,

246,249,252 activists, anti-globalization, 35 ambiguities of, 241 backlash, anti-globalization, 250 'borderless world' emergence of,

241 critics of, 24 current dynamic of, 19 effects of, 54 era of, 215

Index 261

established regulatory processes of 'social Europe', 239

impact of, 185 labour market segmentation, 184-209 logic of, 38 neoliberal/neoliberalism, see

neoliberal/neoliberalism theory, deterministic strands of, 1

'governance without government', concept of, 217

government and corporations, divide between,

44 have to ensure 'level playing field',

41 support, extent of, 43

Gramsci, A., 48 Granovetter, M., 248 greenfield

hybridization, 166, see also hybridization

international reorganization, 166 investment, cases, 155 Italian, 177 operations, 64 situations, 164 subsidiaries, 70 Toyota, 59 US factor, 99

Gunnigle, P., 2, 13, 106

Haarmann and Hemmelrath, 234 Hall, P. A., 29, 40, 193, 243 Held, D., 209 Hengeler MUller, 224 Hennas & Mauritz, 199 Herbert Smith, 224 Hewlett Packard, 122 Hofstede, G., 21 Hollingsworth,] . R., 242 'hollowing out', 47-8 home country

diffusion and host-country resistance, 163

models, 178 versus host country dichotomy, 176

home and host country, interactions between, 64 management repertoires, 81 societies, 63

262 Index

Honda, 38 host country

alien HR/IR, lOS context, 88 convergence with, 99 dynamics, importance of, 155 institutional determinants, impact

of, 140 isomorphic pressures exerted, 131 local isomorphism, 124 practices, 99, 105 resistance, 180

Howell, C., 240 HRM!HR/IHR, 14, 179, see also lR;

labour; trade unions; unions alternative approaches to achieving

its goals, 124 barriers to implementation, 109 decentralization of, 111 diversity management, 56 global HRM integration, 109-27 implementation challenges, 123-5,

138 'international suitcase employee',

125 labour abuses, 122 principles, policies and practices,

13, 26, 56, 111, 118, 123, 138 social responsibility motivation,

121 theory and practice, 118 three areas: institutional, cultural

and organizational, 123 three sustainability goals, 126 unbalanced lives, 125

human capital or capability (absorptive capacity), 113, 116, 118

Hungary, 137, 158, 162, 165 Hutton, W., 34 hybrid/hybridized/hybridization, 58,

63, 76-81, see also brownfield; greenfield; japanese/Japanization; MNCs

adaptation to local conditions, 60 analyses of, 59, 74 development, 169, 176 existing debates on, 155 exogenous hybridization, 159,

see also hybridization

forms of, 61 home-and host-country effects,

see home-and host-country home and host societal effects, 57 limitations of, 61 models of, 156, 163 multidimensional perspective on,

160 outcomes, 155 policy repertoires, 76 problematizes transplantation, 7 4 process of, 63,74 pull hybridization, 16, 160, 164-9,

180 reverse diffusion of practices, 160 theory, insights and limits, 156-7 variant in analyses of, 59

Hyman, R., 2, 4-5, 19, 30, 48, 134

IDA, 13, 95, 99 IMF, 235 India, 35 industrial development

employment relations framework, 133

peace, logics of, 36 protectionist approach to, 98

Industrial Development Agency (IDA), see IDA

Industrial Development Authority (IDA), see IDA

industrial relations (IR), see lR Industrial Relations News, 100 information and communications

technology (ICT) sector, 89 innovations, 53, 59, 180 integrative networks, see networks Intellectual Property Committee,

35 intellectual property rights (IP), 35 International Association of

Machinists and Aerospace Workers in Montreal, 43

International Bar Association, 228, see also global law firms

international business law, 216, see also global law firms

international human resource management (IHRM), see HRM/HR/IHRM

international law, internationalization of legal firms, see global law firms

internationalization global firm model, 213, see global

firms network model, 213 of trade, 218

Intervention Board Executive Agency (IBEA), 102

IPOs (initial public offerings), 225 IR, see also labour; trade unions;

unions actors, 192 approach, 98 current British IR, 134 differentiated, 145 double-breasting, 96 implications for, 86 Irish, see under Irish policy and practice, 86 principle of abstention of the state,

133 systems, 145

Ireland/Irish, 56, 86-8, 97, 99, 101, 104-S

accommodating host environment, 102

American MNCs in, 86-106 Congress on Trade Unions (ICTU),

102 contrasting strategies on trade

union recognition, 90-S Global Capitalism, State Policy

and Industrial Relations, 86-106

union avoidance, 92-4 changing strategies, 101 corporate profits, low level of tax

on,88 industrial promotion agencies, 101 inward-investing MNCs, 97, 99, lOS open, pro-business, POl-friendly

economy, lOS series of centrally negotiated

agreements, Sustaining Progress (2003-2005), 88

strong advocates of national level accords, 88

trade unions, 89

Index 263

union-neutral stance, lOS world's eleventh largest recipient of

FDI, 87 world's most globalized economy, 87

ISO 9001 certification, 172 Italy/Italian, 138

collective bargaining system in, 135 MNC, 16 Social Pact (or tripartite agreement)

of 1993, 134

Jacoby, S. M., 143 Japan/Japanese/'Japanization', 26, 31,

56,63, 156,178 companies, generalizability of their

parental model, 60 home-influenced company

practices, 56 hybrids/hybridization,

branch-plants, 64, see also hybrids/hybridization

TNCs, 32 work organization, 58

management/managers, 56-7 model, 58, 73, 171 parent company, corporate

practices of the, S 7 problems of, 156 production principles, introduction

of kanban, 166 subsidiaries, 56, 64-72, see also

transplants/transplantations Jones Day Reavis, 229

Kelly, A., 98 Kenney, M., 57-8 Keynesian

economic management, 248 monetarism, 245

KFAT, T&G and GMB, see under UK clothing firms/industry

Klar-Text (2003) annual rankings, 187 Kochan, T. A., 99 Kogut, B., 112 Konrad, M., 236 Korzeniewicz, M., 9 Kostova, T., 21, 113-14, 116 Krippner, G., 250 Kristensen, P. H., 8, 46-7

Local Players in Global Games, 46

264 Index

Kurdelbusch, A., 159 Kuruvilla, S., 35

labour, 131, see also HRM; IR; trade unions; unions

conditions, 162 decommodify, 240 empowering, 252 global production networks for, 206 impact of sourcing strategies, 185 individual flexible models, 161 lack of job security, 179 law and trade union organization,

140, see also under global law firms

market characteristics, 123 organized, 55, 88, 192 power, 55 regulation of, 79 segmentation, 186, 206-7

Lane, C., 3, 9, 17-18, 29, 159 law, 216

convergence on a single model of, 235

'choice of law', 235 and the economy, inter­

relationship between, 215 firms, 224, 229, see also global law

firms Clifford Chance, 236 four Magic Circle firms, 236 Linklaters and Allen & Overy, 236 Slaughter & May, 236

law-making and lawyering, 215, 218

more US dominance, 235 Leana, C., 112, 115-16 Legrain, P., 24 Lepak, D., 116 Levy, D. L. , 48 lex mercatoria, 216, 218 Lex Mundi, 221 Liker, J. K., 59 Lisbon, European Council in, 245 Lithuania, 203

management, 59, 70, 167-9, 178 case studies, 11, 71-3, 133 culture, individualism over

collectivism, 134

family-management, 178 hegemony, 80-1 -labour relations, 141, 145 micropolitics, 71-3 paternalistic, 16 7-9 prerogatives, 70, 98 rhetoric of, 70 -worker relations, 71

management buy-outs (MBOs), 196 managerial and non-managerial

employees, 143 Marginson, P., 141, 181 market

alternative socio-political priorities, strained by, 241

fundamentalism, 20 principles, dominance of, 250 social control of, need for, 251 socially embedded, 248 societies, 241

Marks & Spencer, 202 Martin International, 196 Martindale-Hubbell, 214 Martinez Lucio, M., 140 Martiny, D., 216 Marx, Karl, 243 McDonalds, 87 McHugh, D., 31 McMillan, J., 35 Means, G., 39 Meardi, G., 3, 8, 16, 61, 77, 209 Meiksins, P., 140 mergers and acquisitions, 18, 225,

228, 236 Mexico, 160 Meyer,]. W., 214 Mickethwait, ]., 24-5 micro firms, 195-6, 203 micropolitics/micropolitical, 7, 9, 12,

71, 73, 75 action, 15 activity, arenas of, 9 organizational, 12 pervasiveness of, 9 processes, 54, 74, 141, 82 of the workplace, 71

Mielczarek, A., 181 Milkman, R., 56, 62 MIT (Massachusetts Institute of

Technology), 187

MNCs, 2, S-6, 8, 14, 86, 112, 114, 120,157,160,162,177,243

agglomerative effects, 7 autonomous dynamic of financial

flows, 242 behaviour, studies of, 4, 7, 140 case studies/data, 86, 178 case-study analysis, 133, 135 corporate ecological response, three

main motivations to adopt, 120 countervailing power, 6, 11 decentralization of authority, three

considerations, 144 diffusion and hybridization, 157,

see also hybridization diffusion of work practices in

MNCs, 16, 132-3 effects of diverse institutions, 243 embeddedness of, 4, see also

embedded ness escape restrictive industrial

relations regimes, 242 ethnocentric, 29, 139, 141, 158,

160, 173 fragmentation, internal sources of,

134 home-country dominant practice,

177 HRM policies in, 132, see also HRM;

HR/IHR 'hybridization a Ia management',

179-80, see also hybridization internal micropolitical forces, 8 international competitive

advantage, 14 inward-investing, 13, 94-S, 97-9,

lOS IR policies and approach of, 98 Italian, 16 local actors, 10, 140 locational decisions, 242 mimetic isomorphism, 3 policies/policy, 2, 140 Quakerism, 181 research design, 135-7 resource flows, 114 social capital, creation of, 14 subsidiaries, 98, 132, see also

subsidiaries transnational social spaces, 6

Modell Flucht, 157 Montreal, 39, 43 Moran, T. H., 36 Morgan, G., 3, 6, 18, 30 Morley, M. ]., 13 Muller-Camen, M., 124 Multifibre Arrangement

Index 265

(MFA)/ Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), 194

multi-skilling, 167 multi-tasking, 167, 178 multi-unionism, difficulties of, 99,

see also unionism multinational corporations, see MNCs Multilaw, 221

NAFTA, 7, 43, 161 Nahapiet, ]., 112 national business systems, see NBSs National Economic Social Council

(NESC), 104 NBSs, 3-4, 6, 11, 16, 20, 29, 81

adaptability of, 13 analytical distinctiveness of, 4 Brussels consensus, 20 change of course in the priorities

of, 246 comparative analysis of, 3 conflict between, 239 disembedding liberalism, 249 evolution of, 2 MNCs, regime arbitrage capacity

for, 6 neo-liberal/neo-liberalism, see also

globalization patterns of, 151 structural determinants of, 16 theory, 1 see also varieties of capitalism (VoC) voluntaristic regimes, 6

Nestle and Nike, 27 Netherlands, 137-9 networks, 8, 10, 58, 111, 221

four types of, 221 global internal, 14, 18, 109 inter-organizational, 10 organizational, 75-6 social, 11, 39 of subsidiaries, 20 of suppliers, 49, 56

266 Index

Neumann, L., 181 New International Division of Labour

theory, 161 New York Stock Exchange, 247 NGOs (non-governmental

organizations), 122 Nike, 122 Nohria, N., 21 Nordic countries, 140 Norm Thompson Outfitters, 122, 127 Norr Steifenhofer Lutz, 234 North American Free Trade

Agreement, see NAFT A

OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), 87, 244

Offe, C., 35, 246 Ohmae, K., 241 Oliver, N., 58 ONS Labour Market Trends, 194 Opel, 179 organizational development

competence-based strategies for, 190

culture and employee socialization, 121

factors, 123 forms of, 220-33 politics, 53

Osland, L 120 outsourcing, 173

implementation of, 178 practices for employment, 185 tercjaryzacja, a Polish neologism,

173 terziarizzazione, the Italian term,

173

Palpacuer, F., 186, 190, 192 parent/parent company

central authorization from the, 143 and host business systems, relative

strengths of, 140 periodic communication between,

143 practices, salience of, 73 production network, 165 and subsidiary, 143 systems, 131

PaulS., 199 Pechiney, 26 performance

criteria, 78 ranking, 142 -related pay, 159

Perlmutter, H., 141 Peugeot, 162 pharmaceuticals companies, 35 Pharmaco, 89 Philippines, 36 Philips Electronic, 26 Pogue, 229 Poland, 137, 161, 165, 170-1, 178, 202 Polanyi, K., 241, 248, 250 Polish trade unions, 17 4, 177 political

economy framework, 24-49 economy, two basic types of, 193 processes, 47 transactions examples of, 41

politics of cross-national diffusion

multinationals, 1-21 of production, 30 three domains of, macro, meso and

micro spheres/processes, 25, 30, 34, 47

three levels of, 45 Portugal, 13 7 post-Washington consensus, 244 Powell, W., 21 power

contradictions of, 32-4 forms of, 30-1

Pries .. L., 15 7 privatization, 170, 17 4, 225 Probert, L 3, 9, 17-18 Prodi, R., 247 production

organization, established repertoires of, 72

process, organization of, 70 Taylorist, system, 171 workers wage, system for, 167

Prusak, L., 112 Pulignano, V., 8, 15-16, 21, 77

Quack, S., 3, 18, 179 quality circles, 80, 116

quasi-cartel system, 26 Quintanilla, L 86

Ramsay, H., 9, 27 Rands, G., 121 Reich, R. B., 241 research design and methods, 63-4 Reynolds, 26 Roche, W. K., 89 Rolls-Royce, 38 Romania, 170, 202-3 Rosenzweig, P., 21 Roth, K., 113-14, 116, 120 Ruggie, J. G., 239, 248, 250-1 Runciman, W. G., 31

Sadowski, D., 111 Sally, R., 30 Sassen, S., 225 Schmitt, M., 111 Schroeder, Chancellor, 42 Scott, W. R., 21 Shannon Free Airport Development

Company, 99 Sharpe, D. R., 31 Siemens, 38, 42, 159, 162 Silver, B., 31 Singapore, 87 Single European Market, 240 Skadden Arps, 229 Sklair, L., 48 Slaughter, A.-M., 217 SMEs (small and medium enterprises),

222, 224, 235-6 Smith, C., 6, 11-12, 140 Snell, S., 116 social

Europe, 19, 240, 247 industrialization model, collapse of,

179 management and work practices,

rejected, 171 motivation, 121-3 reputation of the company, 122 responsibility, 33, 120-2, 125 sustainable strategy, 125

social capital, 118, 124-5 boundary-spanners, 116 building all three types of, 125 cognitive, 113, 125

Index 267

creation and sharing of knowledge worldwide, 116, 118, 125

critical to effective coordination and control, 112

defined, 14, 112 described as, 113 knowledge exchange of/knowledge

absorption and sharing, 115, 125

in MNCs, 116 relational, 112-13, 115, 125-6 structural, 113, 115

socialist, 171, 179 peculiarities defined, 170

societal effects, 53 society

analysis of, 29 effects of, 53

Sony,87 Soros, G. , 244 Soskice, D. W., 29, 40, 193, 198, 243 South Africa, 35, 160 South America, 160 Southern Italy, 160 Soviet Union, 27, 170 Spain, 87, 132, 137-8, 140, 158 Stability and Growth Pact, 1997,

Prodi's denunciation of, 247 standardization, 16, 29, 162 Stanojevic, M., 181 Starik, M., 121 states

policies of liberalization and flexibilization, 82

process of material wealth creation, 40

socialism, chaotic conditions of, 16 Statistics Canada, International

Merchandise Trade: Annual Review, 48

Steedman, H., 197-8 Steilmann, 196 Steuer, M. D., 86 Stibbe, 224 Stiglitz, L 244, 252 strategic management,

competence-based approach, 187-8

Streeck, W., 2-3, 6-7, 21n2 Stryker, R., 215

268 Index

subsidiaries/subsidiary, 12, 54, 56, 72 actors, 21 American/US multinationals, 103,

131-2 behaviour, 132 British/UK, 137 commercial and labour market

circumstances of, 7 4 countervailing power of, 21 development trajectory of, 57 effectiveness, 59 embedded/embeddedness, 132, 145,

see also embedded/embeddedness evolution of, 55 foreign, mediated outcome, 158 greenfield see greenfield (order) hierarchies of power, 76 at home or abroad, 62 international subsidiaries, 53-83 inward-investing, 78 Italian, 137 key features of the dynamics of, 76 networks of, 20 objectives and priorities of newly

established, 5 operations of, 61, 71, 73, 76 optimal and suboptimal levels of

performance, 61 organization of work and

management-worker relations, 70, see also lR; labour; trade unions; unions

overseas, 62 relationship between headquarters

and overseas operations, 71 roles of, 74 subordinate role of, 61 three contrasting conventional

models of, 12 transfer of parent company

practices to, 70 transplants, hybrids and

branch-plants, 56 very diverse IR and employment

regulation systems, 145, see also HRM; IR

supply chain, 184 sustainable/sustainability, 125

agenda of, 14

concept of, 119 development, defined, 119 eco-innovation, 127 identify sources of eco-innovation,

121 link between, 121 motivations of, 123 new product design, 122 strategies/strategy, 120, 121, 124,

127 three goals, 127 three principles, 120

'sweatshop', 192, 205 Swenson, P., 251 systems effects, 58 systems, society and dominance

model, 54 dominance effects, see under

dominance dominance provisional character of

such, 59 from dominance to system effects

transplant, 57 highlights the contradictory and

shifting pressures, 54 interplay, 56, 61 see also societal effects see also system effects

T&G, 138 Takeovers Directive, 247 Tariffs, 194 Taylor, S., 13-14, 116 Teece, D., 193 Thelen, K., 2-3 Thompson, E. P., 250 Thompson, P., 31, 48 Thomson Corporation, 26 TNCs, 29, 31

acceptance of standards, three factors, 36

complex coalitions of interests, 45 complex issues of strategy, 26 'corporate glue', 48 country-of-origin effects, 29 critics of, 27 distinctive features, 25 economic and political powers of,

32

evolutionary models of, 46 global ambitions, 40 global oligopolists, 26 hybrid arrangements, 27 as National and Global Players,

24-49 are political actors, 24 transnational solution, 46 transnational space, structuring the,

239-53 two core features, 24

Tobin tax, 252 Toronto, 39 T6th, A., 3, 8, 16, 61, 77, 209 Toyota, 26, 38, 162, 172 Trade Commissioner Bolkestein, 247,

see also EU trade unions/unionism, see unions Trade-Related aspects of Intellectual

Property (TRIPS), 35 Trades Union Congress, 244 transfer, 156, 169, 173

attraction (pull) from abroad, 156 diffusion (push), 156 dynamics of, ISS HRM and IR, 124, 17 4--6, see also

HRM; IR, trade unions; unions micropolitics of, 12 outcome of cross-border, 157 process, 16 selective, 169 two aspects of, 156

transnational corporations/organizations, see TNCs

transnationality index (TN!), 26 transplant/transplantation, 57-9,

72--4, see also international subsidiary

convergence of interests between workers and managers, S 7

directly from home factories to overseas subsidiaries, 57

dynamic and contested process, 73

and hybridization, 61 'model' production regimes, of, 59,

73 policy of selective, 61

three key themes, 81 two key arguments, 73

Index 269

transplants, hybrids or branch-plants, 72-81

Triumph, 196 'trust-breaking' behaviours, 115 Turkey, 202 Turner, L., 30 Tuscaloosa (USA), 157 Ttiselmann, H.-J., 157

UK, 26, 29, 31, 42, 58, 137-8, 185, 187, 196, 200

American MNCs in, 3 clothing/industry firms, 195-7, 205,

208 comparison with Germany, 194 ethnic minority owners, 196 graduate recruitment

problematic, 197 immigrants in, 205 polarized, 195 shielded by MFA/ATC, 194 sourcing strategies of, 203 unions, under KFAT, T&G and

GMB, 205 white-collar staff, 206

current British IR, 134 industry, outsourcing of

manufacturing operations, 205 UK law firms, see global law firms

UK Economic and Social Research Council, 181

Ukraine, 203 UNCTAD, 213-14, 87, 226 UNICE (Union of Industrial and

Employers Confederations of Europe), 246

unions, 88, 92, 94, 171, 174-S, 253 avoid/avoidance, 70, 99-100 collective bargaining, 94, 97-8, 100,

131, 134, 148 communist rank-and-file, 175 contemporary industrial relations,

251 density, 88, 97, 136-7, 143 in Ireland, 99

Federated Union of Employers (FUE), 95

270 Index

unions - continued in Italy, 135-9

FEMCA-CGIL (Federazione Operai Chimici), 139

Fim-Cisl, 'social movement' union, 175

FIOM-CGIL (Federazione Jtaliana Operai Metalmeccanici), 138

unitary trade union representative body (rappresentanza sindacale unitaria or RSU), 135

levels of, 88 pattern of, 100 in Poland, 17 4-6

Solidarity, 171, 174, 177 policy, 251 recognition, 70, 97, 100

and avoidance contrasting strategies on, 90-S, 102

remove the, 143 representation and collective

bargaining, 133 rights and responsibilities of, 98 role of, 88, 142 role in employee voice, 143 suppression approach, 92 system of employee representation,

135 three major handicaps for, 253 'US greenfield' factor, 99,

see also American corporations; American MNCs

wages, harmonization of, 177 work force, 168

unionization, rate of, 96, 206 United Nations, 26 United States, 25-6, 28, 37, 42-4, 59

MNCs, see American corporations; American MNCs

multinationals, see American MNCs

value chains, 9, 17, 186, 188-9 Van Buren lll, H., 112, 115-16

varieties of capitalism (VoC), 3, 17, 29, 54, 186, 193, 208, 214, 233, 236

Volkswagen, 160, 180-1 Foundation, 10

voluntarism/voluntarist, in Britain, 133, 134

Wagner, K., 197-8 Wang, 99 Wajcman, J., 48 Walesa, L., 174 Wal-Mart, 26 Wallace, H., 243 Wallace,]., 99 Washington consensus, 244-53 Weber, M., 215 welfare capitalism, 4, 143 Wensum, 196 Western European, 190 Weston, S., 140 Whitley, R., 30 Wiesenthal, H., 246 Wilkinson, B., 58 Wolf, M., 24 Womack, J.D., 57 Woolridge, A., 24-S World Bank, 235, 244 World Commission on Economic

Development, 119 World Investment Report, 2004,

213 World Trade Organization (WTO), 19,

34-6, 41-2, 194, 228, 235 supranational institutions, 19

Wortmann, M., 181

Yoruk, D. E., 192 Yugoslavia, 170

Zander, U., 112 Zara, 199 Zeitlin,) ., 8, 46-7 Zurn, M., 217