973 Index We have alphabetized files under their last components. And in most cases, only the last com- ponent is listed. For example, to find index entries relating to the /etc/passwd file, look under passwd. Our friendly Linux distributors have forced our hand by hiding standard files in new and inventive directories on each system. A A DNS records 396, 407 A6 DNS records 404 AAAA DNS records 404 Abell, Vic 74 access agents, email 533 access control lists see ACLs access database, sendmail 589, 591–594 accounts see user accounts ACLs, DNS 429–430, 451–453 ACLs, filesystem 88–92, 833 ACLs, firewall 701–708 Adams, Rick 320 address match lists, BIND 422 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 275, 296–297, 315 addresses, email 95, 535 addresses, Ethernet (aka MAC) 280, 292 addresses, IP see IP addresses addresses, SCSI 117 adjtimex system call 903 ADSM/TSM backup system 197 agetty process 855–858 aio daemon 894 air conditioning 796–798 AirPort 360 AIT backup tapes 166 Albitz, Paul 423 aliases file 106, 545–551 aliases, email 544–551 see also email see also sendmail abuse 548, 594 distribution 156 examples 548 file format 545 global 95 hashed database 551 loops 546, 550 and mailing lists 551–554 for new users 95 postmaster 545 root 548 aliases.db file 551 alien 235 Allman, Eric 209, 530, 558, 566, 595 allow-recursion option, DNS 425 allow-update clause, DNS 433, 450 always_add_domain feature, sendmail 575 Amanda backup system 197 amavisd email virus filter 637 amd 895 American Power Conversion (APC) 799 American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) 288–289, 293, 371 Amstadt, Bob 825 Anaconda 226 anacron 156, 887 Analog Apache log analyzer 727 Anderson, Paul 261 anonymous FTP see FTP Anvin, H. Peter 225 Apache see web hosting Apache Software Foundation 12, 724 /etc/apache2 directory 724 APC (American Power Conversion) 799 APNIC (Asia-Pacific Network Infor- mation Center) 383 appropriate use policies (AUPs) 954 APT, software tool 241–246 apt-ftparchive 244 apt-get 241–246 apt-proxy 244 ARIN (American Registry for Inter- net Numbers) 288–289, 293, 371 ARK language 262 Armstrong, Jason 620 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) 275, 296–297, 315 arp command 296 ARPANET 272 Arusha Project 261 Asia-Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC) 383 at 887 AT&T Bell Labs 5 ata daemon 894 USAH.book Page 973 Thursday, October 5, 2006 2:46 AM
26
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973
Index
We have alphabetized files under their last components. And in most cases, only the last com-ponent is listed. For example, to find index entries relating to the /etc/passwd file, look under passwd. Our friendly Linux distributors have forced our hand by hiding standard files in new and inventive directories on each system.
A
A DNS records 396, 407A6 DNS records 404AAAA DNS records 404Abell, Vic 74access agents, email 533access control lists see ACLsaccess database, sendmail 589,
591–594accounts see user accountsACLs, DNS 429–430, 451–453ACLs, filesystem 88–92, 833ACLs, firewall 701–708Adams, Rick 320address match lists, BIND 422Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
292addresses, IP see IP addressesaddresses, SCSI 117adjtimex system call 903ADSM/TSM backup system 197agetty process 855–858aio daemon 894air conditioning 796–798AirPort 360AIT backup tapes 166Albitz, Paul 423
aliases file 106, 545–551aliases, email 544–551
see also emailsee also sendmailabuse 548, 594distribution 156examples 548file format 545global 95hashed database 551loops 546, 550and mailing lists 551–554for new users 95postmaster 545root 548
aliases.db file 551alien 235Allman, Eric 209, 530, 558, 566, 595allow-recursion option, DNS 425allow-update clause, DNS 433, 450always_add_domain feature,
sendmail 575Amanda backup system 197amavisd email virus filter 637amd 895American Power Conversion (APC)
799American Registry for Internet
Numbers (ARIN) 288–289, 293, 371
Amstadt, Bob 825Anaconda 226
anacron 156, 887Analog Apache log analyzer 727Anderson, Paul 261anonymous FTP see FTPAnvin, H. Peter 225Apache see web hostingApache Software Foundation 12,
724/etc/apache2 directory 724APC (American Power Conversion)
799APNIC (Asia-Pacific Network Infor-
mation Center) 383appropriate use policies (AUPs) 954APT, software tool 241–246apt-ftparchive 244apt-get 241–246apt-proxy 244ARIN (American Registry for Inter-
net Numbers) 288–289, 293, 371ARK language 262Armstrong, Jason 620ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
275, 296–297, 315arp command 296ARPANET 272Arusha Project 261Asia-Pacific Network Information
Center (APNIC) 383at 887AT&T Bell Labs 5ata daemon 894
USAH.book Page 973 Thursday, October 5, 2006 2:46 AM
amd 895automount 497–499, 895configuration 498–500NFS and 497–500Windows 834
autonomous systems 340AutoYaST 230AUUG group 965avoid-v4-udp-ports option, DNS
427AWStats Apache log analyzer 727
B
backspace vs. delete keys 859backup software and systems
see also backupssee also BaculaADSM/TSM 197Amanda 197Bacula 179–196commercial systems 197–198cpio 178dd 178dump/restore 169–176tar 177–178Veritas 198
backups 158–198see also backup software and
systemssee also Baculasee also media, backupcompression 164of a damaged disk 133designing data for 163disaster planning 939filesystem size 161fitting on media 160full restore 175–176hints 159–163
backups continuedincremental 170interval between 159off-site storage 161programs 177–197to removable disks 165restoring 173–177, 939schedules 171–173security 161, 686setting up 169–176for ugprades 176–177when to make 162for Windows 197
Bacula configuration files 182–189see also Bacula/etc/bacula directory 182/etc/bacula-dir.conf file 183–
187/etc/bacula/bacula-fd.conf file
189bacula-sd.conf file 187bconsole.conf file 188
bad blocks, disk 123Bailey, Mick 885Baretta, Anne 860bash shell 4, 32, 98.bash_profile file 105.bashrc file 105Bastille Linux 710baud rate 863BCP documents 275Beowulf clusters 964Bergen Linux User Group 961Berkeley DB library 169, 253–254,
551, 560, 577, 628Berkeley Internet Name Domain
system see BINDBerkeley UNIX 5BGP routing protocol 339bidirectional modems 864/bin directory 75
BINDsee also DNSsee also name serverssee also namedACLs 451–453address match lists 422client configuration 418–420components 411configuration 420–446configuration examples 439–
tems Security Professional) 674clocks, synchronization 902clone system call 56closelog routine 218–220CNAME DNS records 399co, RCS check out 249, 251COBIT (Control Objectives for In-
formation and related Technolo-gy) 960
commands, finding 15commands, scheduling 150–157Computer Systems Research Group
(CSRG) 5concentrators see Ethernet, hubsconfCOPY_ERRORS_TO option,
sendmail 569.config file for kernel 877–878configuration files
USAH.book Page 975 Thursday, October 5, 2006 2:46 AM
976 Linux Administration Handbook
ConnectionRateThrottle option, sendmail 608
connectorssee also cables 843DB-25 844–847DB-9 848IDE 113mini DIN-8 847RJ-45 849RS-232 to USB adapters 865SCSI 115–117
console emulators 859/dev/console file 218console, logging to 218CONT signal 58, 61, 68contacting the authors xxxvicontrol characters
in filenames 77and the terminal driver 859–861
control terminal 56controls statement, DNS 436–438conventions used in this book 9–10cookies, NFS 486cooling systems 940Cooper, Mendel 11Cooperative Association for Inter-
net Data Analysis (CAIDA) 402copyright issues 950Corbet, Jonathan 325core files 154Council of European National Top-
DIX Ethernet II 278DMA, tuning 130DMCA (Digital Millennium Copy-
right Act) 950dmesg command 206dmesg file 206DMTF (Distributed Management
Task Force) 262DNAME DNS records 404DNS 377–386
see also BINDsee also domain names, DNSsee also name serverssee also resource records, DNSsee also zones, DNSadding a new machine 374–375anycast routing 424architecture 415–418asynchronous notification of
zone changes 388authoritative servers 413, 416caching 384–386caching servers 413, 417use with CIDR 400–401client configuration 306CNAME hack 400–401
USAH.book Page 977 Thursday, October 5, 2006 2:46 AM
978 Linux Administration Handbook
DNS continuedcountry code top-level domains
379cryptography in 387, 453–463database 378, 389–409delegation 383denial of service (DOS) attacks
ACLs 88–92change time 83changing 81, 84–86chattr 87on device files 84directory search bit 82displaying using ls 81–84group ID number 83inode number 84link count 83lsattr 87permission bits 81, 684setuid/setgid bits 45, 82–83sticky bit 82–83supplemental 87symbolic links 80user ID number 83
file statement, DNS 434filenames
control characters in 77encoding under Samba 830length restrictions 72pattern matching 10, 77quoting 72removing sneaky 77–78shell globbing 10, 77spaces in 72
filessee also configuration filessee also device filessee also file attributessee also filenamesblock device 77character device 77deleting 77device 122directory 77–78hard links 78links vs. original files 78local domain sockets 77, 80modes see file attributesnamed pipes 77, 80NFS locking 486ownership of 44–46permissions 81, 684regular 77–78removing temporary 154
USAH.book Page 979 Thursday, October 5, 2006 2:46 AM
980 Linux Administration Handbook
files continuedservers, dedicated NFS 496servers, system files 510sharing with Samba 833symbolic links 77, 80types of 76–81
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) 75
filesystems 70–71see also partitionsautomatic mounting 127backing up 160BSD FFS 120checking and repairing 25, 128,
firewalls 701–708host-based 318ICMP blocking 645, 647–648Linux IP tables 704–708Netfilter 704–708packet-filtering 701–702proxy 703stateful 703–704traceroute and 648
flock system call 486flow control, serial line 852–853Fogel, Karl 253Foomatic database 771, 782fork system call 56formatting disks 123.forward file, email 549–550, 605forward mapping, DNS 382forwarders option, DNS 427ForwardPath variable, sendmail
549fragmentation, IP 279frame relay networks 363frames see packetsframing standards, Ethernet 277Frampton, Steve 12free 811Free Software Foundation (FSF) 965free space, displaying 127Free Standards Group 959fsck 25, 128, 131–133, 137/etc/fstab file 127–129, 132, 137,
USAH.book Page 983 Thursday, October 5, 2006 2:46 AM
984 Linux Administration Handbook
log files 209–220see also loggingsee also sysloganalyzing and searching 220–
221for Apache 727archiving 204lists of 205, 218for logins and logouts 206monitoring 220–221replacing while in use 203rotating 156, 202, 208–209to system console 218web hosting 727
see also log filessee also syslogfor BIND 411, 432, 446, 466–471boot-time 206–208to central server 214, 216for cron 151for CUPS 781hardware failures 791kernel 206–208for sendmail 619–621for sudo 49through syslog 218–220to system console 218
logging in from Windows 821–822logging statement, DNS 432, 466logical unit numbers, SCSI 117logical volume managment see LVMlogin command 46, 856.login file 105login process 855login see user accounts/etc/login.defs file 98, 100logos, vendor 10logrotate 208–209/etc/logrotate.conf file 208/etc/logrotate.d directory 208logwatch 221loopback
see also tapesCD and DVD 164jukeboxes 167labeling 159life of 163magnetic 164optical 164summary of types 168verifying 162
USAH.book Page 984 Thursday, October 5, 2006 2:46 AM
Index 985
memorybuffering 40effect on performance 804, 806kernel initialization and 23management 809–811modules 794–795paging 809–814, 818RAM disks 815usage, analyzing 811–813virtual (VM) 810–811
message of the day 856, 954message stores 533/var/log/messages file 207, 215Metcalfe, Bob 351mgetty process 855–858Microsoft Windows see Windowsmii-tool 303Miller, Todd 49miltering, sendmail 597MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
880Mondo Rescue 197monitoring log files 220–221monitors 794Moore’s Law 273Morris, Robert, Jr. 669MOSPF protocol 343/etc/motd file 856, 954Motion Picture Association of
America 950
mount 73, 126–128enabling filesystem ACLs 88NFS filesystems 492–495
mount point, filesystem 73mount.smbfs 836mountd daemon 489mounting filesystems see filesys-
sions (MIME) 531, 601multiuser mode 25MX DNS records 397–399MySQL 180–182, 377, 719, 936
N
Nagios SNMP monitoring tool 665name servers
see also DNSsee also BINDsee also namedauthoritative 413, 416caching 384–386, 417caching-only 413delegation 383dynamic updates 448–450forwarding 427hints 414keep-running script 417lame delegations 469, 475–476master 413negative caching 385nonauthoritative 413
name servers continuedrecursion 413, 425resolver 414, 418–420slave 413stub 413switch file 479zone delegation 407–409zone serial numbers 447
named 412, 446see also BINDsee also DNSsee also name serversacl statement 430ACLs 429, 451–453allow-recursion option 425allow-update clause 433, 450avoid-v4-udp-ports option 427blackhole option 428bogus directive 431chrooted 451, 453command-line interface see
named, rndccompiling with OpenSSL 458configuration 420–446configuration examples 439–
Network Appliance, Inc. 496network configuration 298, 307–
311Debian and Ubuntu 310Red Hat and Fedora 308SUSE 309
Network Information Service see NIS
Network Solutions, Inc. 381Network Time Protocol (NTP) 902network unreachable error 304network wiring 934
building 366–368cable analyzer 366cable choices 352–355, 366for offices 367maintenance and documenta-
tion 370Wireshark network sniffer 366
networkssee also Ethernetsee also IP addressessee also network configurationsee also network wiringsee also routingsee also TCP/IPadding a machine to a LAN 297–
307address translation see NATaddresses 279–293administrative databases 504,
alien conversion tool 235automating 244–246.deb format 235dpkg/APT 235, 237, 241–246Red Hat Network 240repositories 239–240RPM format 235rpm/yum 235–238, 246–247
packages see software packagespackets
see also networksdropped 646encapsulation 276–277filtering 677, 701forwarding 335–337handling with Netfilter 704–708ICMP 707round trip time 646sniffers 366, 655–657tracing 647–649
pages, memory 809–811paging 129, 809–814, 818Painter, Mark 376PAM (Pluggable Authentication
Modules) 681–682paper sizes for printers 777–778paperconfig 778PAPERSIZE environment variable
778/etc/papersize file 778Parain, Will 261partitions 124–125, 134–138
see also filesystemsload balancing 814resizing with LVM 146–147root 124setting up 134–136swap 124, 129, 138
USAH.book Page 987 Thursday, October 5, 2006 2:46 AM
988 Linux Administration Handbook
passwd command 46, 96, 104/etc/passwd file 93–99
editing 96, 103for FTP servers 735group ID numbers 83permissions 684security 678–681, 684user ID numbers 45, 83
performance continuedmeasuring and monitoring 664,
807memory 68, 804, 806, 811–813network, TOS bits 330NFS 494nice 61partitioning disks to improve
124PPP 321using RAID to improve 139SDSC Secure Syslog 210sendmail 611–615Squid web cache 733–734st_atime flag 87syncing log files 213troubleshooting 817–819tuning IDE drives 130web server 722–724, 727
changing user and group IDs 46control terminal 56EGID (effective group ID) 55EUID (effective user ID) 55execution states 60–61FSUID parameter 55GID (group ID) 55identities: real, effective, and
qmgr 625qpage mailer 574qpopper email server 543qshape 638quad A DNS records 404query-source option, DNS 426queue groups, sendmail 611–612queue runners, sendmail 613QUIT signal 58–59quotas, disk 486
managing port assignments 888mapping service numbers to
ports 893NFS and 485portmap and 893
USAH.book Page 990 Thursday, October 5, 2006 2:46 AM
Index 991
rpc.bootparamd daemon 899rpc.lockd daemon 895rpc.mountd daemon 489, 895rpc.nfsd daemon 489, 895rpc.rquotad daemon 896rpc.statd daemon 895rpc.ypxfrd daemon 896rpciod daemon 896rpm 235–237RPM software package format 235rquotad daemon 486RRDTool graphing tool 664rrestore 175rrset-order statement, DNS 428RRSIG DNS records 457–458, 460,
463RS-232 standard 844–847, 853RS-232 to USB adapters 865rsh 898rsync 197, 508–511, 900rsyncd daemon 900rsyncd.secrets file 510RTS (request to send) signal 853run levels 856
changing 887init and 33–36, 42, 856, 886
RunAsUser sendmail user account 603
runaway processes 67–69running Linux programs from Win-
SHELL variable 861/etc/shells file 98, 108showmount 492shutdown 41–42, 215shutting the system down 40–42SIG DNS records 458signals 57–60
see also individual signal namescaught, blocked, or ignored 57CONT 61, 68KILL 59–60list of important 58sending to a process 60STOP 61, 68TERM 59–60tracing 66TSTP 61
Simple Network Management Pro-tocol see SNMP
single-user modebooting to 24, 32bypassing 24entering 31manual booting 22, 24remounting the root filesystem
24, 32size, file attribute 84skel directory 106slamming, controlling in sendmail
snmpwalk 663SOA DNS records 392–395, 447socket system call 80sockets, local domain 80soft carrier 852soft links 80software
see also software package toolssee also software packagesconfiguration errors 673development 919–924engineering principles 923–924licenses 955management tools 266patches 677patents 957–958piracy 955printing 779recommended 266sharing over NFS 263vulnerabilities 672
software package toolssee also package managementsee also softwaresee also software packagesalien 235APT 241–246apt-ftparchive 244apt-get 241–246apt-proxy 244dpkg 237high level 237–247RHN (Red Hat Network) 240rpm 235–237/etc/apt/sources.list file 242–
243yum 246
software packagessee also softwaresee also software package toolsdependencies 265installers 234list of 267localizations 255–260management 234–247namespaces 264repositories 239revision control 248–255RPM format 235
USAH.book Page 993 Thursday, October 5, 2006 2:46 AM
994 Linux Administration Handbook
SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley Act) 675, 956, 960
spamamavisd virus filter 637blacklists 594–595, 598danger of replying to 588, 598eliminating using DNS 403email header checking 595–596fighting 598–599greylisting 636mobile spammers 598Postfix 634–637relaying 589–591Sender ID 599sendmail control features 588–
598Spam Cop 598SpamAssassin 598SPF 403, 599web resources for fighting 598
Spam Cop 598SpamAssassin 598speed, setting for a network inter-
face see mii-toolSPF (Sender Policy Framework)
403, 599split DNS 438–439, 441–444squatting, domain 380Squid web cache 733–734, 955SRV DNS records 402–403, 464SSH 697–698
forwarding for X 747–748security 685Windows clients 821X forwarding 823
ssh 697sshd daemon 697, 898/etc/sshd_config file 698, 823SSL 730–732stackers, tape media 167Stafford, Stephen 11standards 958–960
COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and related Tech-nology) 960
data center 800Ethernet 277, 352FHS (Filesystem Hierarchy
Standard) 75IEEE 802.* 278, 352, 356, 358–
359Internet 274–275ISO/IEC 27001 675
standards continuedITIL (Information Technology
Interface Library) 960Linux 958–960LSB (Linux Standard Base) 959network management 658POSIX 959security 675–676Windows email and web com-
system configuration 255–263see also hardwaresee also Linux installationsee also system administrationArusha Project 261cfengine 260CIM (Common Information
terminators, SCSI 117/etc/terminfo file 858Terry, Douglas 376testing, system 257testparm 830Texinfo 11TFTP 312, 899tftp 347Thomas, Eric 554threads, kernel 23TIA (Telecommunications Industry
USAH.book Page 995 Thursday, October 5, 2006 2:46 AM
996 Linux Administration Handbook
top-level domains 379, 381topology statement, DNS 428Torvalds, Linus 5traceroute 647–649tracks and sectors, disks 120transfers-in option, DNS 425transfer-source option, DNS 426,
445transfers-out option, DNS 425transfers-per-ns option, DNS 425transport agents, email 532Tridgell, Andrew 508, 828Troan, Erik 208Trojan horses 687Trojnara, Michal 699trouble ticketing and tracking 935–
ers 366network hardware, sniffers 366network hardware, T-BERD line
analyzer 366network printing 781networks 366, 644–654networks with mii-tool 302–
303Postfix 637–639printers 780–782RAID 144–145runaway processes 67–69Samba 840–841SCSI 118sendmail 615–621serial line 864–865sluggish system 817–819syslog 217–218wedged terminal 862X Window System 754–757Xorg X server 754–757
trusted-keys statement, DNS 430TrustedUser sendmail user ac-
TSM (Tivoli Storage Manager) 197TSTP signal 58, 61TTL (time to live), packets 647$TTL directive, DNS 390, 394, 406TTL for DNS resource records 390tune2fs 121, 132tuning
IDE disks 130the kernel 314–316, 874network parameters 314–316NFS 494
TUX server 727Tweedie, Stephen 120TXT DNS records 403, 424typographic conventions 9–10
U
U (rack unit) 791Ubuntu network configuration 310udev 79udev system 872udev.conf directory 872udevd 872, 899UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
271, 275, 485UIDs see user IDsUltr@VNC project 824Ultra SCSI see SCSIumask 86, 105umount 73, 129, 494uname 881undeliverable messages, sendmail
613unicast addresses 292Uninterruptible Power Supply
(UPS) 799UNIX vs. Linux 4unlink system call 80unshielded twisted pair see UTP ca-
blesunsolicited commercial email see
spamupdate-policy clause, DNS 450update-rc.d 40updating zone files, DNS 447–450upgrades 176–177uptime 808, 818URLs 720–721us domain 380
USB 865–866device identification 869disks 112, 147–148, 165printers 774, 781RS-232 adapters 865in place of SCSI 115supported devices 784
use_cw_file feature, sendmail 574USENIX association 965–966, 968user accounts
adding 102–107, 109aliases, global (email) 95authentication under Samba
832bin 51daemon 51deleting 110disabling 108email home machine 106ftp 735GECOS information 98guest 944home directories 75, 98, 105hygiene 93ID number see user IDslogin process 46login shell 98modifying 109names 94–95nobody (NFS) 51, 488passwords 104pseudo-users 51removing 107root see root accountsendmail use of 603shared 680site-wide management 944startup files 105superuser see root account
user agents, email 531User Datagram Protocol see UDPuser IDs 45, 54–55, 96–97, 104useradd 102, 109userdel 110usermod 99, 109usernames see user accounts, namesusers
see also user accountsdocumentation 934keeping them happy 904–906policy agreements 946–948
/usr directory 75UTP cables 353–355, 366, 844
USAH.book Page 996 Thursday, October 5, 2006 2:46 AM
Index 997
V
V.90 modem standard 863van den Berg, Stephen R. 554, 585/var filesystem 75, 125variables, initializing in startup files
105vendor logos 10vendors we like 371–372Venema, Wietse 623, 856VeriSign Site Finder tool 429Veritas, backup tool 198VERSIONID macro, sendmail 570VFS (Virtual File System) 120vgcreate LVM utility 143vgdisplay LVM utility 143, 146vgscan LVM utility 143Viega, John 553view statement, DNS 438.vimrc file 105vipw 103virtual domains, Postfix 630–632Virtual File System (VFS) 120virtual hosts, web 727–730virtual memory (VM) 124, 129,
810–811Virtual Network Computing see
VNC protocolvirtual network interfaces 300virtual private networks see VPNsvirtual terminals and X 754–755VirtualHost clause, Apache 729virtusertable feature, sendmail
wait system call 57Wall, Larry 388WANs 351Ward, Grady 47WarGames 669warranties 793Warsaw, Barry 553Wassenaar, Eric 474Watchguard Firebox 319WBEM (Web-Based Enterprise
Management) standard 658web see World Wide WebWeb 2.0 719web hosting 719–734
Windows continuedFAT filesystems 120IMAP 828Kerberos server and DNS 464logging in from 821–822mounting Windows filesystems
835multibooting with LINUX 30–
31Network Neighborhood brows-
ing using Samba 831POP (Post Office Protocol) 828printing 838–839RDP (Remote Desktop Proto-
col) 824running Linux programs from
822–823running under VMware 825running Windows programs un-
der Linux 825sharing files 828SMTP 827SSH clients 821Terminal Server service 825UNIX software running on 827VNC servers 824Wine project 825X forwarding 823X Window System servers 823,
wirelessWireshark packet sniffer 366, 657wiring see network wiringWirzenius, Lars 11WKS DNS records 403workstations, diskless 898World Wide Web
see also web hostingbrowsers 720HTTP protocol 720–722URLs 720
wrapper scripts for localization 265wtmp file 206WU-FTPD 900wvdial 325WWW see World Wide Web
USAH.book Page 997 Thursday, October 5, 2006 2:46 AM
998 Linux Administration Handbook
X
X display manager 743–744X Window System
see also Xorg X serverarchitechture 742client authentication 745–746desktop environments 757–759DISPLAY environment variable
744, 748display manager 743–744history 741–742killing the X server 755magic cookies 746running an application 744–748security 744–748security under Windows 823SSH and 747–748startup files 105terminal window 859troubleshooting 754–757virtual terminals 754–755Windows servers 823, 827X forwarding 823X server output 755–756
/etc/X11 directory 743X11 see X Window Systemxargs 72xauth 746.Xclients file 105.Xdefaults file 105xdm directory 743xdm program 743xdpyinfo 756xdvi 785XFS filesystem 122xhost 745–746XHTML 764xinetd 887–890
configuring 888–890ftpd and 735/etc/services file 892–893/etc/xinetd.conf file 888–890
/etc/xinetd.conf file 888/etc/xinetd.d directory 888xinit 743.xinitrc file 105xntpd 62XON/XOFF 852–853Xorg X server 748–754
Yellow Pages see NISYlönen, Tatu 697Yost serial wiring system 850–852Yost, Dave 850/var/yp file 512yp* commands 513–518/etc/yp.conf file 512ypbind daemon 896ypserv daemon 896ypxfr 896yum 246
Z
Zebra routing package 344Zhou, Songnian 376Zimmermann, Philip 696zombie processes 56, 61, 63, 886zone statement, DNS 432–436zones, DNS 388, 412