Independence movements

Top of the Mornin! 3/17/15EQ: How did Latin America gain their Independence?HW: NoneNone

SPONGE #1. Update TOC and glue handout on to page 71

#2. What does Independence mean to you? Quietly discuss with a person sitting next to you.

DateDate ## Title Title

3-17 71 LA Independence Leaders

3-17 72 LA Liberator Action Figure Project

Directions- PIG OUT Notes1. Pair- Individual- Group (no more than 3)2. Get BYOT/iPad- Go to mspardee.weebly.com

(link on edmodo) OR use coachbook pgs 99-1023. Complete your graphic organizer using

technology4. You will have 12 minutes and then we will go

over it as a class*If you finish early,

come get your project from the Blue tray on mydesk.

Unit 7 Notes

• Spain is building an empire- Native Americans are the lowest class

• Native Americans begin to die because of European diseases

• Introduction of Slavery• New ethnicities- Mestizo, Mulatto, Criollo• More money from Triangle Trade = more slaves• Slaves are unhappy= more rebellions

Haiti

• former slave in Haitiformer slave in Haiti; freed in 1777

• Plantation owner allowed him to learn

how to read and write

• Read books about freedom and equality

for all

• 1789- French revolution occurs, and

they free all blacks and mulattoes

• This made plantation owners MAD- so

France took it back• 1791: led a huge slave revolt huge slave revolt against

the French French in Hispanola

• 1793- French government abolishes slavery

• 1801: L’Ouverture led a huge army into a Spanish colony &

freed all slaves freed all slaves there

• Six months later, he became “governor general of Haiti for life.”

• 1802: Napoleon sends Large French army lands in Haiti wanted to restore old French government & regain control of sugar trade

• L’Ouverture was asked to attend a peace treaty in France

• French tricked and arrested L’Ouverture and sent him to prison prison

in Francein France

• L’Ouverture died in prisondied in prison

• L’Ouverture’s army was outraged; it took up arms again against France.• November 1803: defeated last of the French forces

• 1804: declared Haiti independent of French rule• HaitiHaiti became the 1st country in Latin America 1st country in Latin America

to break free free of European imperialism.

Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Bolivia

• wealthy Venezuelan criollo criollo who spent many years traveling Europe

• While in Italy, he discovered his life’s purpose: to liberate his homeland from European control.• 1810: Bolivar’s army kicks Spanish kicks Spanish governor out of VenezuelaVenezuela• 1811: new constitution proclaimed Venezuela’s independent of Spanish rule

• Soon after, Spanish royalists defeated the new country’s army & Bolivar was forced to flee to New Granada (Colombia).

• Bolivar organized a bigger army bigger army & marched back into Venezuela.• 1813: Bolivar’s army won & took control won & took control

of Venezuela’s capital, Caracas•Bolivar was nicknamed El Libertador.El Libertador.

• Over the next few years, Bolivar liberated New Granada (now Colombia), New Granada (now Colombia), Ecuador, Panama, Peru, & Upper Peru Ecuador, Panama, Peru, & Upper Peru (now Bolivia).(now Bolivia).

Mexico

• Catholic priest Catholic priest in the town of Dolores• began the struggle for Mexico’s Mexico’s

independence in 1810• September 16th, 1810September 16th, 1810: “Cry of Cry of

DoloresDolores” was his call for revolution; rang church bells and shouted, “Long live our Lady of Guadalupe! Death to bad government! Death to the Spaniards!”

• an army of mestizos & Native mestizos & Native Americans rallied behind HidalgoAmericans rallied behind Hidalgo

• 80,000 people joined the fight, but the army was soon defeated by the SpanishSpanish.• Hidalgo was captured and executed in 1811Hidalgo was captured and executed in 1811

• Mexicans continued to fight for independence over the next decade.

• 1821: Mexico gained independence 1821: Mexico gained independence from Spain.from Spain.

• Mexico celebrates September 16th as it’s Independence Day.• The president rings a bell in Mexico city and repeats Hidalgo’s “Cry of Dolores.”