Indentured labourers Tom away from India And now ...map of 1751 clive and the battle of plassey young proteges the plunder of india by the british the battle of buxar decadence of

Indentured labourersTom away from India ....

And now glorifying the world!!!

Leela Gujadhur Samp

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTGOVERNORS GENERAL/VICEROYS OF INDIA

PERIOD

2500 BC:

1500 BC:

600 BC:

563 - 468 BC :

325 BC:

250 BC:

183 BC:

80 AD:

100-130 AD:

2nd to 18th Century

A D : ,{ : •• •-. \. -

320-470 AD:

322 AD:

3rd to 4th CenturyAD:

510 AD:

712 AD:

977-1200 AD:

1206-1290 AD:

1296-13i6AD:

1325 -1351:

1398.1414.1451:

ANCIENT INDIA

MOHENJO-DARO

yEDAS AND THE CASTE SYSTEM

ANCIENT INDIA-MAP

KURUS. HASTINAPUR. KURUKSHETRA

MAGADH. SISHUNAG. PATLIPUTRA

BUDDHA AND MAHAVIR

THE NANDAS. MAURYAS. SUNGHAS AND KANVAS

ASHOKA PERIOD - MAP - 250 B.C.

KALINGA . . ' ./ i: . ' \ .' • u .'. . .' ••

DEMETRIUS. MENANDER. THE PARTHIANS

THE^ k u S H A N S ' ''• 'f- ' •'; : ; -; -- : • ; ; - ' ; :' - " ""• -•

THE SATAVAHANS OF ANDHRA ; ••••-.-

INDIAN INFLUENCE AND RULERS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA

THE GUPTAS

AJANTA. ELLORA. ELEPHANTA

GUPTA PERIOD-MAP - 322 AD.

THE PALLAVS: CHOLAS. P A N D Y A S .

SMALLER STATES. MANY RULERS. HARSHA VARDHAN.CHALUKYAS

THE RAJPUTS. GURJARS. PRATIHARA TRIBES

MAHMUD GHAZNI. GHAURI. PRITHVIRAJ CHAUHAN

THE SLAVE DYNASTY - AIBAK

THE KHILJI DYNASTY

THE TUGHLAKH DYNASTY

TIMUR.

SAYYEDS.

XII- XVIXVII-XVIII

XIX

PAGES

1

1

1/3

2

3

3

4

4

5

6

6

6

6

7

8

8

9

10

10

10

11

12

12

12

13

13

(I)

PERIOD PAGES

1398.1414.1451: LODIS. s • 13

1498: THE PORTUGUESE 15

ESTADO DA INDIA .>: / 15

; FARMAN OF AKBAR ;

1526: THE TIMURID DYNASTY (THE MUGHALS) • 17

BABAR, THE TIMURID PRINCE. 17

HUMAYUN. ; . , 17/18

SHER SHAH SUR. 18

HUMAYUN IN EXILE ; 18

THE RETURN OF HUMAYUN. 18

: r •: -:.•••: ••; • A K B A R • > ••• .. • • ; . . , . ••• . .• • , . > \ ; . ' . : y ; . • • . ; • . - • 1 9

FAMINES 19

THE DUTCH 20

MAP (1600 A.D.) 21

EAST INDIA COMPANY 22

WILLIAM HAWKINS. 22

SIR THOMAS ROE 23

JEHANGIR 24

COROMANDEL EAST COAST. MADRAS 25

MONARCHS IN ENGLAND V/S EAST INDIA COMPANY 25

SHAHJAHAN 26/27

THE PEACOCK THRONE 27. . . . . , • . . y - , . • , . . • • . • • • • •• •

F A M I N E ' " ' ' J ' ' ' •"• .:':-/' ""-,.',.'., .•.,'. ••'•..•;. ' • T 7

FAMINE: - BERNIER AND MUNDY'S REPORTS , 27

CHARNOCK - CALCUTTA ; 28

DISINTEGRATION OF INDIA . , 29

THE RULE OF AURANGZEB 30/31

FORCED CONVERSION TO ISLAM; : 3 1

1658: BAHADUR SHAH ALAM. JAHANDAR SHAH. FARRUKSIYAR 31

1555

1595

1600

1600

1605

1605

1611

1625

1626

1633

1630

1630

1655

1 7.h

1658

-56:

:

:

:

:

J

:

-49:

:

:

-32:

-32:

-56:

Century

.

(II)

PERIOD PAGES

1664: SURAT. SHIVAJI 31

1666: THE FRENCH 3 2

1668: BOMBAY AND THE BRAGANZA 32

1670: AUNGIER AND BOMBAY 32/33

1674: SHIVAJI 33

1684: REVOLT WITHIN THE EAST INDIA COMPANY 33/34

1691: MERGER WITH EAST INDIA COMPANY 34

1712: FUNDING THE BRITISH CROWN BY THE EAST INDIA COMPANY 34

1712: PESHWA BAJI RAO AND SHAHU 34/35

1714: GEORGE I & II 35

1717: THE EAST INDIA COMPANY'S FIRST ROYAL DICTAT FROM

EMPEROR FARRUKHSIYAR 35

1719: FIVE MUGHAL EMPERORS IN SEVEN MONTHS 35/36

1719: EMPEROR MOHAMMAD SHAH 36

1726: BAJI RAO 36

1727-39: GOVERNORS OF BENGAL. BEHAR AND ORISSA 36/37

1740: ALIVARDI KHAN 37

1741 - 42: MIR HABIB AND THE MARATHAS 38

1742: SAFDARJANG 38

1743: RAGHUJI BHONSLE 38/39

1744: MURDER OF BHASKAR RAO 39

1744-45: REBELLION BY GULAM MUSTAFA KHAN 39/40

1746: REVENUE SHARED BY THE EMPEROR, THE MARATHAS

AND ALIVARDI KHAN 41

1747: MIR JAFFAR 41

1748: THE DEFILEMENT OF PATNA 41/42

1748: SLOWDOWN OF TRADE 42

1748: EMPERORS MOHAMMED SHAH. AHMED SHAH 43

1749: ORISSA AND CUTTACK 43

1749: WAGES BUT NO ARMY 43/44

1749-54: THE CARNATIC WARS 44/45

THE NAWAB OF ARCOT 45

1750: SIRAJ-UD-DAULA AND PATNA. 45/46(HI)

PERIOD

11751:

1751:

1757:

1762:

1764:

1764:

1769:

1769 - 70:

1773:

1774:

1775:

1778:

1783 - 84:

1783:

1786:

1786-93:

1787-92:

SIRAJ-UD-DAULA. THE BLACK HOLE OF CALCUTTA. ORISSAAGAIN-FINAL AGREEMENT & PEACE

MAP OF 1751

CLIVE AND THE BATTLE OF PLASSEY

YOUNG PROTEGES

THE PLUNDER OF INDIA BY THE BRITISH

THE BATTLE OF BUXAR

DECADENCE OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE

EQUAL STATUS OF THE BRITISH WITH THE MUGHALVICEROYS OF BENGAL

SATI PRATHA

SACRIFICE

DIWANI OF BENGAL

FAMINE

COMMERCIAL & POLITICAL PERIODS

REGULATION ACT OF LORD NORTH

INDIA BILL AND GOVERNOR GENERAL

WARREN HASTINGS

THE IMPEACHMENT OF WARREN HASTINGS

CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

LAND DISPUTES AND ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

PERMANENT SETTLEMENT

THE BRITISH V/S THE MARATHAS

THE NIZAM AND HYDER ALI

NEW TAXES

THE CROWN V/S THE COMPANY FOR CONTROL IN INDIA

FAMINE ^

INDIA BILL BY CHARLES FOX AND WILLIAM PITT

CORNWALLIS

ZAMINDARI AND THE PLIGHT OF THE PEASANTS

PURIFICATION AND REFORMS BY CORNWALLIS.

DISTRUST OF INDIAN NATIVES IN HIGH POSTS

THOMAS MUNRO. SYMPATHIZER OF INDIAN NATIVES

FAMINE

46

47

48

49

49/50/51

51/52

52

52

53

54

55

55

56

56

56

57

58

58

59

59

59

59/60

60

60

61

61

61/62

62

62/63

63

63/64

64

(IV)

PERIOD PAGES

1793: SIR JOHN SHORE 65

1795: • •"•'•:*:'"'V1"MAP OF 1795 •;;'-.;/ .;! ''r. - :; •', -.;:' '•'/-' ' \ -V'H/K' ' '66

1797: WELLESLEY , 67

1802-04: FAMINE ...... 67,

1804: THE MARATHA WAR , 68/69

LIFE OF THE EARLY BRITISHERS 69

1805: MAP OF 1805 70

EUROPEAN AND INDIAN PERSONAL HABITS.

OTHER EUROPEAN COMPANIES. 71/72

1805: SIR GEORGE BARLOW 73

1805-07: FAMINE 73

1806: MINTO 74

1808: PIRACY ON THE HIGH SEAS 74

1810: CAPTURE OF ILE DE FRANCE (MAURITIUS) 75

THE SUBDUED MARATHAS 75

PINDARIS 7 5

1811-13: FAMINE 75

1813: ABOLITION OF MONOPOLY OF INDIAN TRADE 75

1813: RENEWAL OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY CHARTER-1813 75/76

1813: FRANCIS RAWDON HASTINGS 76

1814: WAR AGAINST NEPAL 76

1816: SUPREMACY OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY 77

ACHIEVEMENTS OF LORD HASTINGS 77/78

CONVERSION TO CHRISTIANITY 781815: INDIAN CONVICTS » 7 8

1816: FREE INDIANS IN MAURITIUS 78/79

1822: JOHN ADAMS VERSUS THE PRESS ^ 79

1823: FAMINE . : 79

ADDITIONAL TERRITORIES AND CONTINUOUS

EXPANSION 79

1823: AMHERST 79/80

1823: MAP OF 1823 . 81

(V)

PERIOD

1824 - 25:

1828:

1833:

1833:

1833:

1833-34:

1834:

1834-35:

1835:

1837:

1837:

1838:

1838:

1838 - 40:

1839:

1839:

1841:

1842:

1842:

1844:

1847:

1844-47:

FAMINE AND INLAND EMIGRATION

B E N T I N C K . ;. . •• ,;•-..

ABOLITION OF SLAVERY IN THE BRITISH COLONIES

ABOLITION OF TEA AND OTHER TRADES WITH CHINA

APPOINTMENT OF INDIAN NATIVES IN HIGH POSTS

FAMINE

INDENTURED LABOUR TO MAURITIUS

ILE DE FRANCE (MAURITIUS). THE COLONY OF SLAVES

METCALFE

MAPOF1836

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT V & ACT XXXII OF 1837

ILL-TREATMENT OF EMIGRANTS IN MAURITIUS

FAMINE

SUSPENSION OF EMIGRATION

THE NATIVE OF INDIA PROTECTION BILL

AUCKLAND ,

COMMITTEES FOR THE ENQUIRY IN INDIAN EMIGRANTS'ILL-TREATMENT

ENQUIRING COMMITTEE IN MAURITIUS

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XIV OF 1839

APPENDIX TO MINUTE 3., FROM MAURITIUS

ELLENBQROUGH

RESUMPTION OF EMIGRATION AND PROTECTORS OFEMIGRANTS,;.;..- . .- ; .. , r "\-.<:.::: ;.,. ; , - • ••... •.;.,.;

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS XV OF 1842 AND XXI OF 1843

HARDINGE

"MARICH", THE SYNONYM OF EMIGRATION; * s

INDIAN ACTS VERSUS MAURITIUS ORDINANCES.

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS XXI, XXV, VIII AND XIII(1844-1847). ^ , , ,,'--•

82

83

84

84

84/85

85

86/87/88

88/89

89

?0

91

91

91/92

92

92/93

93

93/94/95

96

97/98

98-103

104

104

105

105/106

106

106/107

107

(VI)

PERIOD PAGES

1847:

1852-55:

1853:

1853:

1854:

1856:

1856:

1856:

1856-60:

1857:

1858:

1858:

1861:

1862:

1862:

1862:

1864:

1864:

SAILING VESSELS OF 1850 1 1 108

A SAILING VESSELS OF 2000 • I ' I ;

DALHOUSIE 109

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT IV AND ACT XXIV OF 1852

AND ACT XXXI OF 1855 109/110

LAST CHARTER OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY. 110

THE INTRODUCTION OF RAILWAYS IN INDIA. 110-112

RECRUITMENT OF EMIGRANTS AND DEPOTS. 112

CAUSES FOR THE MUTINY OF 1857. 112/113

PROHIBITION ON VOLUNTARY EMIGRATION. 113

MAP OF 1856 114

CANNING 115

PROBLEMS PERTAINING TO EMIGRATION 115-120

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS XIX, XII, XXXIII, XLI, XLVI, XLIX

(1856-1860). 120-122

THE SEPOY MUTINY 122-126

THE LAST EMPEROR OF INDIA. 126

DISSOLUTION OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY. 127

HONI SOI QUI MAL Y PENSE DIEU EST MON DROIT. 127

AMNESTY FOR THE MUTINEERS 127/128

FAMINE. 128

ELGIN 128

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS VII, XXII OF 1862 & ACT VII OF

1863 129

RECRUITMENT OF MINORS AND CHILD ABUSES: 129/130

MONEY ADVANCED TO PROSPECTIVE EMIGRANTS! 130

FAMINE 130

LAWRENCE ; - 131/132

WILLIAM FRASER. 132FAMINE. I 3 2 / 1 3 3

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XIII-1864. 133LICENSE FOR RECRUITING AGENTS. 133

(VM)

PERIOD

1867:

1869:

1869:

1869:

1870 - 71:

1871:

1872:

1876:

1876-78:

1877:

1877:

1878:

1880:

1880:

1883:

1884:

1884:

1888:

1890:

1891-

1894:

1895-

1896-

1899:

1902-

94

98

97

04

INDIAN POPULATION IN MAURITIUS 134

MAYO 133

COERCING RE-INDENTURE. 134

FIRST SIGN OF RESPITE IN MAURITIUS FOR THE EMIGRANT. 135

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS XIV,'VII 135

HAMILTON, SYMPATHETIC GOVERNOR OF MAURITIUS! 135

NORTHBROOK. 135/136

POLICE & ROYAL ENQUIRY COMMISSIONS. 136

FAMINE COMMISSION. 136

FAMINE OF 1876, 1877 & 1878. 137

COUNTRY SILVER AND ORNAMENTS 138

INCREASED PRICE OF FOOD 138/139

L Y T T O N • • •' • ' • ' : " •• •'• •••' r ' r '• ; ; ": ' / ' • 1 3 9

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT V OF 1877. 139

NEW MAURITIUS LABOUR LAW FOR THE INDIANS! 139/140

FAMINE. 141

RIPON 141

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXI OF 1883. 141

PROCEEDING TO APPROVE ACT XXI 142-155

DUFFERIN. 156

FAMINE 156

LANSDOWNE 156

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XVIII OF 1890 156

FAMINE C 156/157

E L G I N . .••••• •• ' • - V . V ••.-•; - . . v . v . l ; . - . < • • , . • ; . 1 5 8

• F A M I N E . / - . : ' ••••• •: '•. '•.'••', -.^ • ' • • • . '• , : . ' • . 1 5 8

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS I AND VII 158/159

PROSPERITY OF THE COLONIES 159

CURZON 159

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS X AND XII 160

FAMINE 160

PROSPERITY OF THE INDIANS 160-162

(VIM)

PERIOD PAGES

1905 - 06:

1908:

1910:

1912:

1916:

1921:

1922:

1924:

1925:

1931:

1936:

1943:

1947:

THE SUGAR INDUSTRY OF MAURITIUS 162/163

MINTO. 164

MORLEY AND CURZON 164

THE FIRST INDIAN PEER 165

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACTS XII, XVII (1908). 166

HARDINGE. 167

ABOLITION OF EMIGRATION TO MAURITIUS ; 168

ABOLITION OF THE DOUBLE CUT WAGES, FINALLY! 168

END OF INDENTURED LABOUR TO MAURITIUS! , 168

CHELMSFORD. 169

READING. 169

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT VII OF 1922. 170

FRESH REQUESTS FROM MAURITIUS FOR RE-OPENING

EMIGRATION 170

IRWIN. 170

WILLINGDON 170/171

LORD LINLITHGOW. 171

WAVELL. 171

MOUNTBATTEN, THE LAST VICEROY OF INDIA. 171

LIVING CONDITIONS IN INDIA-THEN & NOW 172-174

FAMINE 175

FAILURE OF RAINS, NOT THE CAUSE OF FAMINES 175/176

THE CAUSE OF INDIAN FAMINES 176/177

THE REAL CAUSE IS THE EXTREME, THE ABJECT, THE AWFUL,

POVERTY OF THE INDIAN PEOPLE 177/178

THE ENORMOUS FOREIGN TRIBUTE 178

WHERE DOES THE ENORMOUS TRIBUTE COME FROM 179

THE MOST EXPENSIVE GOVERNMENT IN THE WORLD BIG

SALARIES AND BIG PENSIONS .._ „. 179

THE ADVANTAGES OF BRITISH RULE . \ . _ ..' 180

BRITISH INDIAN 'IMPERIALISM1 180/181

INLAND AND FOREIGN IMMIGRATION 182

(IX)

PERIOD

2000s:

1891-2001

2000s:

2004:

2004:

1483 -1857:

1837-42:

1837:

1837:

1839:

1842:

1843:

1844:

1845:

1847:

1847:

1852:

1852:

IMMIGRATION IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES

CENSUS " ' - . • • ' . • • • - • • •

INDIAN MARRIAGES

THE BLEEDING OF INDIA

BANDITS IN THE INDIAN PARLIAMENT AND STATEASSEMBLIES!

THE POWER OF A BANDIT!

RITES AND RELIGIONS

RELIGIONS OF INDIA / SIKHISM

MUSLIMS IN INDIA

YINGLISH IN YINDIA!

INDIA-SUPERPOWER?

INDIA - STILL STARVING!

MOGHULS GENEALOGY

MINUTE TO THE COOLY QUESTION

HILL COOLIES

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT V

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXXII

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XIV

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XV

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXI

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXI

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXV

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT VIII

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XIII

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT IV

COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXIV

(APPENDIX i)

(APPENDIX II)

(ANNEXURE Al)

(ANNEXURE A2)

(ANNEXURE A3)

(ANNEXURE A4)

(ANNEXURE A5)

(ANNEXURE A6)

(ANNEXURE A7)

(ANNEXURE A8)

(ANNEXURE A9)

(ANNEXURE A10)

(ANNEXURE Al l )

191/192

193

194/195

195/196

196/197

198

199

199-201

202-205

207-253

254-256

257-258

259-260

261

262-270

271

272-277

278

279

280

281/282

283/284

(X)

PERIOD

1855: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXXI

1856: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XIX

1860: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XII

1860: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXXIII

1860: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XLI

1860: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XLVI

1860: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XLIX

1862: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT VII

1862: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXII

1863: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT VII

1864: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XIII

1870: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XIV

1871: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT VII

1877: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT V

1883: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XXI

1890: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XVIII

1896: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT I

1897: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT VII

1902: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT X

1904: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XII

1908: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XII

1908: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XVII

1922: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT VII

1932: COLONIAL EMIGRATION ACT XVI

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

Sourrce :-Upto 1899 - National Library, Alipore - Kolkata.

1900-1932 - West Bengal State Archives, Writers Building, Kolkata

(ANNEXURE A12)

(ANNEXURE A13)

(ANNEXURE A14)

(ANNEXURE A15)

(ANNEXURE Al6)

(ANNEXURE A17)

(ANNEXURE A18)

(ANNEXURE A19)

(ANNEXURE A20)

(ANNEXURE A21)

(ANNEXURE A22)

(ANNEXURE A23)

(ANNEXURE A24)

(ANNEXURE A25)

(ANNEXURE A26)

(ANNEXURE A27)

(ANNEXURE A28)

(ANNEXURE A29)

(ANNEXURE A30)

(ANNEXURE A31)

(ANNEXURE A32)

(ANNEXURE A33)

(ANNEXURE A34)

(ANNEXURE A35)

PAGES

285-291

292/293

294

295

296

297-310

311

312/313

314

315

316-341

342-368

369-396

397-407

409-578

579-580

581

582

583-585

586

587

588-621

622-630

631

633

635-658

(XI) ,