Bio-feedstocks, Chemicals and Polymers. Trends, Success Stories and Challenges. KISBP 2012 January 30, 2014.
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May 12, 2015
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Bio-feedstocks, Chemicals and Polymers. Trends, Success Stories and Challenges.
KISBP 2012
January 30, 2014.
Bio materials definitions.
Present and Emerging Bio-Feedstock's .
Emerging Bio Chemicals and Players.
First Generation Bioplastics.
Second Generation Biobased Plastics.
Bioplastics Growth Projections and Market Trends.
Applications in Use Today for Bioplastics.
Presentation Outline
Basic Definitions for Bioproducts.
Biobased Products Must be organic and contain some percentage of recently fixed (new) carbon found in biological resources or crops. Focus on renewable resource based origin. Uses C14 content measurement. Biodegradable or Compostable Bioplastics Meet all scientifically recognized standards for biodegradability and compostability of plastics and plastic products. Independent of carbon origin-(i.e. Ecoflex, PBS, PLA ). Focus is on end-of-life or disposability.
Common Renewable Feedstocks
Sugars: Sugar Beet, Sugar cane, sweet sorghum, corn dextrose. Starches: Corn, Cassava, sorghum, sweet potato, wheat. Oils & Fats : Edible: Coconut oil, palm oil, sunflower seed, soy beans. Non Edible: Castor beans, Jatropha.
The Food versus Fuel debate:
• Food Crops Diversion to Fuels/Plastics
• Land Use
• Fertilizer Use
• Pesticide Use
• The “Ripple Effect “
Use of GMO's
Concerns with Existing Feedstocks from Food Crops
Biomass Feedstocks Under Consideration
Lignocellulose (wood, corn stover, other agricultural residues)
Oil seeds
(soy, rape/canola, palm, coconut, Jatropha)
Microalgae
Macroalgae
(kelp)
Waste:
MSW, food processing (cellulosic) Used fats and oils Animal processing wastes (rendering, feathers, hair, manure, etc.)
Green House Gases as Feedstocks
Newlight Technologies PHA’s
Novomer PPC
Biochemical Examples Biochemical Examples
Ethylene/ethylene glycol Braskem, India Glycols.
TPA Gevo, Anellotech, Draths, Genomatica,
UOP, Global Bioenergies, Sabic, Virent,Chemtex.
Succinic acid PTT, DSM, BASF, Bioamber, Roquette,
Mitsubishi Chem., Myriant, Purac.
Adipic acid Rennovia, Verdezyne, Genomatica.
Butane diol Genomatica.
FDCA Avantium.
Ketals Segetis, XLTerra/Reluceo.
Caprolactam Draths.
Acrylic acid Ceres, Dow/OPX.
Isosorbide ADM, Roquette.
Propylene Braskem.
Propane 1,3 diol DuPont / Tate & Lyle.
Bio Ethylene/Ethylene Glycol
ethanol
ethylene
sugar cane molasses
ethylene oxide ethylene glycol
India Glycols, GTC, FENC, JBF
-H2O
fermentation
oxidation +H2O
Biobased TPA
Virent Process.
Biobased Succinic Acid and Derivatives
Biobased Succinic Acid
Courtesy Myriant
Succinic acid/PBS • BioAmber • PTT • MCC • DSM/Roquette • BASF/Purac
Butane diol • Genomatica
Adipic acid • Rennovia • Verdezyne
Bio Butane Diol
FDCA (furan 2,5 dicarboxylic acid) - Avantium
Compounded, Biobased & Compostable
O O
OH OH HO HO
H H
CH3 CH3
L-Lactic Acid L-Lactic Acid
O
OH HO
H
CH3
L-Lactic Acid
O O
OH OH HO HO
H3C H3C H H
D-Lactic Acid
(0.5%)
O
OH HO
H3C H
D-Lactic Acid
(0.5%)
Polylactic Acid (PLA)
100% Renewable & Compostable
First Generation BioplasticsFirst Generation Bioplastics
Starch/PLA/ECOFLEX
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First Generation PHA’s
PHA picture courtesy
Compostable, Biodegradable and Renewable
of Metabolix
Starch Blends
Hydrolytic stability
Distortion Temp
Vapor Transmission
Shelf Life
Areas of Concern
PLA
Hydrolytic Stability
Distortion Temp
(amorphous)
Vapor Transmission
Shelf Life
Tear strength
Melt Strength
PHA’S
Hydrolytic Stability
√
√
Shelf Life
Processability
Melt Strength
Economics
Performance Concerns of First Generation Performance Concerns of First Generation Compostable Bioplastics Compostable Bioplastics
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Second Generation Bioplastics Developments
Green Polyethylene
ethanol
ethylene
sugar cane molasses
HDPE polyethylene
Braskem
Non Compostable
Bio PET
Nylon 6,6
Sorona™-PTT
bottles
films
fibers
Plant based carbohydrates
FDCA
PEF
EG
Courtesy of Avantium
Avantium PEF ‘yxy’
Bioplastics are still less than 1% of the approximate 240 million tons
of plastics in use today.
Projected Biomaterials TrendsProjected Biomaterials Trends
Sales Trends in Bioplastics Sales Trends in Bioplastics
Jim Lunt & Associates LLC. Projections
205KT 500KT 1.2MT
Continuing lack of infrastructure for use and disposal of compostable plastics. “Compostables” performance v durables. Increasing demand for biobased, semi-durable and durable products for household goods, electronics and automotive applications. Increasing interest and developments in existing and new monomers from renewable resources.
Why The Change?Why The Change?
Bioplastic Products Development/Commercial
PLA
Cellulose Acetate
Compounded PLA/Starch Blends
Green Polyethylene
Bio PET
Sorona
Avantium PEF
Made from 100% Recycled
PEF
Conventional polyester
dyeing technology
Conventional polyester spinning
technology
Challenges/Opportunities for Bio Materials.Challenges/Opportunities for Bio Materials.
Oil pricing continuing to increase.
Improved performance/ reduced cost.
Composting/recycling infrastructure developments.
Expanding from single-use compostable to durable applications.
Moving to non-food source feedstocks.
Competition from carbon dioxide based plastics.
Natural gas dynamics on polyolefin/ aromatics Pricing.
Thank YouThank YouThank YouThank You
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