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BRITISH STANDARD

Eurocode — Basis of structural design

ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.01

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BS EN1990:2002+A1:2005Incorporating corrigenda December 2008and April 2010

National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1990:2002+A1:2005, incorporating corrigenda December 2008 and April 2010. It supersedes DD ENV 1991-1:1996 which is withdrawn.

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !".

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum December 2008 is indicated in the text by ˆ‰.

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum April 2010 is indicated in the text by Š‹.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and Civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/1, Action, loadings and basis of design.

A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.

Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a Note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN.

To enable EN 1990 to be used in the UK, the NDPs will be published in a National Annex which will be incorporated by amendment into this British Standard in due course, after public consultation has taken place.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

BS EN 1990:2002+A1:2005

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 27 July 2002

© BSI 2010

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Amd.No. Date Comments

16226 March 2006 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2005

30 June 2009 Implementation of CEN corrigendum December 2008

31 July 2010 Implementation of CEN corrigendum April 2010

ISBN 978 0 580 71374 3

EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

EN 1990

ICS 91.010.30 Supersedes ENV 1991-1:1994

English version

Eurocode - Basis of structural design

Eurocodes structuraux - Eurocodes: Bases de calcul desstructures

Eurocode: Grundlagen der Tragwerksplanung

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 November 2001.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONC O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O NEUR OPÄIS C HES KOM ITEE FÜR NOR M UNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN 1990:2002

December 2005

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

:2002+A1

Incorporating corrigenda December 2008and April 2010

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Contents Page

FOREWORD.............................................................................................................................................5

BACKGROUND OF THE EUROCODE PROGRAMME ......................................................................................6STATUS AND FIELD OF APPLICATION OF EUROCODES................................................................................7 NATIONAL STANDARDS IMPLEMENTING EUROCODES ..............................................................................7 LINKS BETWEEN EUROCODES AND HARMONISED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS (ENS AND ETAS) FOR PRODUCTS ................................................................................................................................................8 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SPECIFIC TO EN 1990 ...................................................................................8 NATIONAL ANNEX FOR EN 1990 .............................................................................................................12

SECTION 1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................................12

1.1 SCOPE................................................................................................................................................12 1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES..................................................................................................................12 1.3 ASSUMPTIONS ...................................................................................................................................13 1.4 DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES .........................................................13 1.5 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS...................................................................................................................14

1.5.1 Common terms used in EN 1990 to EN 1999............................................................................14 1.5.2 Special terms relating to design in general ...............................................................................15 1.5.3 Terms relating to actions...........................................................................................................18 1.5.4 Terms relating to material and product properties ...................................................................21 1.5.5 Terms relating to geometrical data ...........................................................................................21 1.5.6 Terms relating to structural analysis ........................................................................................22

1.6 SYMBOLS...........................................................................................................................................23

SECTION 2 REQUIREMENTS .........................................................................................................26

2.1 BASIC REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................................................................26 2.2 RELIABILITY MANAGEMENT ..............................................................................................................27 2.3 DESIGN WORKING LIFE ......................................................................................................................28 2.4 DURABILITY ......................................................................................................................................28 2.5 QUALITY MANAGEMENT....................................................................................................................29

SECTION 3 PRINCIPLES OF LIMIT STATES DESIGN..............................................................30

3.1 GENERAL...........................................................................................................................................30 3.2 DESIGN SITUATIONS ..........................................................................................................................30 3.3 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES ...................................................................................................................31 3.4 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES..........................................................................................................31 3.5 LIMIT STATE DESIGN..........................................................................................................................32

SECTION 4 BASIC VARIABLES .....................................................................................................33

4.1 ACTIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES....................................................................................33 4.1.1 Classification of actions ............................................................................................................33 4.1.2 Characteristic values of actions ................................................................................................334.1.3 Other representative values of variable actions........................................................................354.1.4 Representation of fatigue actions ..............................................................................................35 4.1.5 Representation of dynamic actions............................................................................................35 4.1.6 Geotechnical actions .................................................................................................................36 4.1.7 Environmental influences ..........................................................................................................36

4.2 MATERIAL AND PRODUCT PROPERTIES ..............................................................................................36 4.3 GEOMETRICAL DATA .........................................................................................................................37

SECTION 5 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ASSISTED BY TESTING..................38

5.1 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................38 5.1.1 Structural modelling..................................................................................................................38 5.1.2 Static actions .............................................................................................................................38 5.1.3 Dynamic actions ........................................................................................................................38

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5.1.4 Fire design.................................................................................................................................39 5.2 DESIGN ASSISTED BY TESTING ...........................................................................................................40

SECTION 6 VERIFICATION BY THE PARTIAL FACTOR METHOD ....................................41

6.1 GENERAL...........................................................................................................................................41 6.2 LIMITATIONS .....................................................................................................................................41 6.3 DESIGN VALUES.................................................................................................................................41

6.3.1 Design values of actions............................................................................................................41 6.3.2 Design values of the effects of actions.......................................................................................42 6.3.3 Design values of material or product properties ......................................................................43 6.3.4 Design values of geometrical data ............................................................................................43 6.3.5 Design resistance ......................................................................................................................44

6.4 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES ...................................................................................................................45 6.4.1 General......................................................................................................................................45 6.4.2 Verifications of static equilibrium and resistance.....................................................................466.4.3 Combination of actions (fatigue verifications excluded)...........................................................46

6.4.3.1 General................................................................................................................................................46 6.4.3.2 Combinations of actions for persistent or transient design situations (fundamental combinations)....47 6.4.3.3 Combinations of actions for accidental design situations ...................................................................48 6.4.3.4 Combinations of actions for seismic design situations........................................................................48

6.4.4 Partial factors for actions and combinations of actions ...........................................................48 6.4.5 Partial factors for materials and products ................................................................................49

6.5 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES..........................................................................................................49 6.5.1 Verifications ..............................................................................................................................49 6.5.2 Serviceability criteria ................................................................................................................49 6.5.3 Combination of actions .............................................................................................................49 6.5.4 Partial factors for materials......................................................................................................50

ANNEX A1 (NORMATIVE) APPLICATION FOR BUILDINGS.......................................................51

A1.1 FIELD OF APPLICATION ...................................................................................................................51 A1.2 COMBINATIONS OF ACTIONS ...........................................................................................................51

A1.2.1 General ...................................................................................................................................51 A1.2.2 Values of ψ factors..................................................................................................................51

A1.3 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES ................................................................................................................52 A1.3.1 Design values of actions in persistent and transient design situations...................................52 A1.3.2 Design values of actions in the accidental and seismic design situations ..............................56

A1.4 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES.......................................................................................................57 A1.4.1 Partial factors for actions .......................................................................................................57 A1.4.2 Serviceability criteria..............................................................................................................57 A1.4.3 Deformations and horizontal displacements...........................................................................57 A1.4.4 Vibrations................................................................................................................................59

ANNEX A2 (NORMATIVE) APPLICATION FOR BRIDGES...................................................................60

National Annex for EN 1990 Annex A2 .............................................................................................60 A2.1 FIELD OF APPLICATION ...................................................................................................................62 A2.2 COMBINATIONS OF ACTIONS ..........................................................................................................63

A2.2.1 General ..................................................................................................................................63 A2.2.2 Combination rules for road bridges ......................................................................................65 A2.2.3 Combination rules for footbridges .........................................................................................66 A2.2.4 Combination rules for railway bridges ..................................................................................66A2.2.5 Combinations of actions for accidental (non seismic) design situations ...............................67 A2.2.6 Values of factors .................................................................................................................67

A2.3 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES ................................................................................................................70 A2.3.1 Design values of actions in persistent and transient design situations ..................................70 A2.3.2 Design values of actions in the accidental and seismic design situations .............................75

A2.4 SERVICEABILITY AND OTHER SPECIFIC LIMIT STATES .....................................................................76 A2.4.1 General ..................................................................................................................................76 A2.4.2 Serviceability criteria regarding deformation and vibration for road bridges .....................77

BS EN 1990:2002+A1:2005EN 1990:2002+A1:2005 (E)

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A2.4.3 Verifications concerning vibration for footbridges due to pedestrian trafic .........................77 A2.4.4 Verifications regarding deformations and vibrations for railway bridges ............................79

ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) MANAGEMENT OF STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS...................................................................................................................86

B1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION ....................................................................................................86 B2 SYMBOLS...........................................................................................................................................86 B3 RELIABILITY DIFFERENTIATION .........................................................................................................87

B3.1 Consequences classes ................................................................................................................87 B3.2 Differentiation by β values.........................................................................................................87 B3.3 Differentiation by measures relating to the partial factors........................................................88

B4 DESIGN SUPERVISION DIFFERENTIATION ............................................................................................88 B5 INSPECTION DURING EXECUTION........................................................................................................89 B6 PARTIAL FACTORS FOR RESISTANCE PROPERTIES ...............................................................................90

ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE) BASIS FOR PARTIAL FACTOR DESIGN AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS................................................................................................................................................91

C1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATIONS .................................................................................................91 C2 SYMBOLS...........................................................................................................................................91 C3 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................92 C4 OVERVIEW OF RELIABILITY METHODS................................................................................................92 C5 RELIABILITY INDEX β.........................................................................................................................93 C6 TARGET VALUES OF RELIABILITY INDEX β .........................................................................................94 C7 APPROACH FOR CALIBRATION OF DESIGN VALUES .............................................................................95 C8 RELIABILITY VERIFICATION FORMATS IN EUROCODES .......................................................................97 C9 PARTIAL FACTORS IN EN 1990 ..........................................................................................................98 C10 ψ0 FACTORS .....................................................................................................................................99

ANNEX D (INFORMATIVE) DESIGN ASSISTED BY TESTING...................................................101

D1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION ..................................................................................................101 D2 SYMBOLS.........................................................................................................................................101 D3 TYPES OF TESTS ...............................................................................................................................102D4 PLANNING OF TESTS.........................................................................................................................103 D5 DERIVATION OF DESIGN VALUES......................................................................................................105 D6 GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR STATISTICAL EVALUATIONS ...................................................................106 D7 STATISTICAL DETERMINATION OF A SINGLE PROPERTY....................................................................106

D7.1 General ....................................................................................................................................106 D7.2 Assessment via the characteristic value ..................................................................................107D7.3 Direct assessment of the design value for ULS verifications...................................................108

D8 STATISTICAL DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE MODELS ..................................................................109 D8.1 General ....................................................................................................................................109 D8.2 Standard evaluation procedure (Method (a))..........................................................................109

D8.2.1 General..............................................................................................................................................109 D8.2.2 Standard procedure ...........................................................................................................................110

D8.3 Standard evaluation procedure (Method (b))..........................................................................114 D8.4 Use of additional prior knowledge ..........................................................................................114

BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................................116

BS EN 1990:2002+A1:2005EN 1990:2002+A1:2005 (E)