In To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus explains to Scout, "You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view...until you.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus explains to Scout, "You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view...until you climb into his skin and walk around in it" (36).

You will examine a variety of shoes and envision what the owner would look like, such as their appearance, actions, etc.

A stereotype is a generalized picture of a person, created without taking the whole person into account.

Open-ended response: (Use R.A.T.S. to answer) What are some ways people make stereotypes about others here at OMS?

SHOE ACTIVITYTHEME: STEREOTYPES

STORY ELEMENTS

HARPER LEE

• She was born in 1926 in Monroeville, Alabama (the fictional “Maycomb, Alabama”)

• Her father “Amasa” was a lawyer whom she deeply admired

• Her mother’s maiden name was “Finch”• Her own childhood mirrors that of the

character “Scout”• In 1960 she published her only novel – “To

Kill a Mockingbird”• It received the Pulitzer Prize for Literature

in 1961• Since 1960, “To Kill a Mockingbird” has

never been out of print• At age 81, she is alive and resides in New

York• She rarely makes public appearances or

gives interviews

AUTHOR’S PURPOSE

Authors write for several reasons. 

Many authors write to entertain people and

make them laugh.

Authors also write to persuade or convince

their readers to believe in something.

Sometimes authors write to inform or teach you about

something.  

Write 25-50 word summary about the author and her purpose for writing the novel.

SomberSerious

Humorous (at times)

TONE

• Sometimes the language of Scout will be that of her as a child; other times, she will be speaking in the voice of an adult

• Atticus uses formal speech• Calpurnia uses “white language” in the Finch house

and switches to “black jargon” when amidst blacks• The Ewells use foul words and obscenities• Jem, Scout, and Dill will use slang words, typical of

their age• Tom Robinson uses language typical of the southern

black such as “suh” for “sir” and “chillun” for “children”

• Various derogatory terms for blacks will be used such as “nigger,” “darky,” “Negroes,” and “colored folk” – Lee uses such language to keep her novel naturally in sync with common language of the times

LANGUAGE

• Scout is a young girl growing up in Maycomb, Alabama in the 1930s who has adventures with brother Jem, and friend Dill as they try to sneak a peek at neighbor, Boo Radley.

• Their father Atticus, a respected lawyer, is called on by the court to defend a black man, Tom Robinson, who is wrongly accused of raping a white woman.

PLOT

• Scout and Jem’s innocence and faith in people is threatened incidents that expose the evil side of human nature such as the guilty verdict in Tom Robinson’s trial and the vengefulness of Bob Ewell.

CONFLICT

SETTING

Maycomb,

ALABAMA1933-19351933-1935

Although slavery has long Although slavery has long been abolished, the been abolished, the Southerners in Maycomb Southerners in Maycomb continue to believe in white continue to believe in white

supremacysupremacy..

SETTING

Businesses failed, factories closed

People were out of work

Even people with money suffered because nothing was being

produced for sale.

Poor people lost their homes, were forced to “live off the land.”

THEMES

Racial PrejudiceStereotypes

Youth/ Growing upSocial Snobbery

CourageCompassion and Forgiveness

Family Social Classes

FearMoralityJustice Equality

Women’s Roles

THEMES

Give examples of how each of the following themes are revealed to the reader in Part One. (Includesexamples of particular characters who reveal this theme to the reader by their actions or dialogue.)• Racism/Prejudice (all chapters)• Injustice (chapter 1, 5, 9)• Poverty/Class Structure (chapters 1-5)• Growing Up (all chapters)• Courage (many chapters - mainly 11)

SOCIAL CLASS IN THE NOVEL

Wealthy

Country Folk

"White Trash"

BlackCommunity

This is probably similar to how class structure existed during the 1930’s in the South. The wealthy, although fewest in number, were most powerful. The blacks, although great in number, were lowest on the class ladder, and thus, had the least privileges.

Examples of each social class:

Wealthy - Finches

Country Folk - Cunninghams

“White Trash” – Ewells

Black Community – Tom Robinson

LIVING IN A WORLD OF DISCRIMINATION

A cafe near the tobacco market. (Signs: Separate doors for "White" and for "Colored.“) North Carolina, 1940

Race Relations

Nine black teenagers are falsely charged with raping two white women in Scottsboro, Alabama;

eight are convicted and sentenced to death

The U.S. Supreme Court reverses their convictions because their constitutional rights had been

violated

The teens are tried for a second time, and are again found guilty

The Supreme Court reverses the convictions again

Eventually, four of the defendants are freed; the other five serve

prison terms

The last Scottsboro defendant was paroled in 1950

It was virtually impossible for a black to receive a fair trial

LIFE DURING THE 1930S

LEGAL ISSUES OF THE 1930’S WHICH IMPACT THE STORY

Women given the vote in 1920

Juries were MALE and WHITE

“Fair trial” did not include acceptance

of a black man’s word against a

white man’s

LIFE DURING THE 1930SThe Great Depression sweeps the nation – Many families do not even have money for basic needs such as food, clothing,

and shelter.The per capita income for families in Alabama (and

Oklahoma) is $125 - $250 a year

Many southern blacks pick cotton for a living

Franklin D. Roosevelt is President

LIFE DURING THE 1930SHitler is Chancellor of GermanyHe believes that Jews, African

Americans, and other races are inferior to Anglo-Saxons.

In 1936, Jesse Owens, a black American athlete, traveled to Germany to

participate in the Summer Olympics.Owens’ biggest competitor in the long jump was a German named Luz Long.

Despite racial tensions, the two became good friends.

Jesse Owens won the gold medal and Long won the silver.

Long was later killed during World War II, and Jesse Owens traveled back to

Germany to pay his respects when the war was over.

LEGAL SEGREGATION IN ALABAMA, 1923-1940

No white female nurses in hospitals that treat black

menSeparate passenger cars for

whites and blacksSeparate waiting rooms for

whites and blacksSeparation of white and

black convictsSeparate schools

No interracial marriagesSegregated water fountains

Segregated theatres

1930s Typical Morphine Addict:

White female

Middle-aged or older

Widowed

Homebound

Lives in the south

Property owner

Began using morphine for medical reasons (pain relief)

In “To Kill a Mockingbird,” the Finch children will become acquainted with a morphine addict named Mrs. Dubose.

Although only a fictitious character, she personifies the

American morphine addict of the late nineteenth and early

twentieth centuries.

MORPHINE: A SOUTHERN LADY’S DRUG

MAIN CHARACTERSScout (Jean Louise Finch) – ten year old narrator of story

Jem (Jeremy Finch) – her older brother

Atticus Finch – Jem and Scout’s father, a prominent lawyer who defends a black man accused of raping a white woman

Arthur (Boo) Radley – a thirty-three-year-old recluse who lives next door

Charles Baker (Dill) Harris – Jem and Scout’s friend who comes to visit his aunt in Maycomb each summer

Tom Robinson – a respectable black man accused of raping a white woman

Calpurnia – the Finches’ black cook

CHARACTERS

JEAN LOUIS FINCH – “SCOUT”

The story’s narratorAlthough now an adult, Scout looks

back at her childhood and tells of the

momentous events and influential people

of those years.Scout is six when the

story begins.She is naturally

curious about life.

Tomboy

Impulsive

Emotional

Warm & Friendly

Sensitive

Adorable

Gains in Maturity throughout the Novel

SCOUT’S CHARACTER TRAITS

Father of Scout and JemA widower

An attorney by professionHighly respected

Good citizenInstills good values and morals in

his children.His children call him “Atticus”

HonestTypical southern gentleman

BraveCourteous

Soft-spoken

ATTICUS FINCH

ATTICUS FINCH

The Finch’s black housekeeper

Has watched the children since their mother’s death

Has been a positive influence on the children.

CALPURNIA

An enigmaAn adult man, whose father has “sentenced” him to a lifetime confinement to their house because of some mischief he got into when

he was a teenager.Has a reputation of being a lunatic

Basically a harmless, well-meaning personSometimes childlike in behaviorStarving for love and affection

Saves Jem and Scout from certain danger

ARTHUR “BOO” RADLEY

A young, harmless, innocent, hardworking

black manHas a crippled left

handMarried with three

children. Works on a farm belonging to Mr.

Link Deas, a white manWill be falsely accused of raping a white girl,

Mayella Ewell

TOM ROBINSON

A close friend of Jem and ScoutUsually lives in Maycomb only

during the summer (stays with a relative)

Tells “big stories”Has been deprived of love and

affection

DILL

Poor white familyHard-working

HonestProud

Survive on very littleAlways pay back their debts – even if it is with hickory

nuts, turnips, or holly.

Poor white trashDirtyLazy

Good-for-nothingNever done a day’s work

Foul-mouthedDishonestImmoral

TWO POOR WHITE

FAMILIES:THE CUNNINGHAMS

THE EWELLS

SimpleHonestClean

Hard-workingGod fearing

ProudWould never take

anything with paying it back

RespectfulHad stronger character than most of the whites

OppressedUneducated

Discriminated againstTalked about badlyDeserve better than what is dished out to

them by society

THE BLACK COMMUNITY

PLOT

"Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don't eat up people's gardens, don't nest in corncribs, they don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That's why it's a sin to kill a mockingbird."

SYMBOLISM

The Mockingbird: Symbolizes Everything That is Good and

Harmless in This World

The mockingbird only sings to please others and therefore it is considered a sin to shoot a

mockingbird. They are considered harmless creatures who give joy with their song.

The mockingbird image or symbol appears four times in the novel.

Two characters in the novel symbolize the mockingbird: Tom Robinson & Boo Radley.

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 (p.7-19)Jem - arm broken at 13 Flashback!!! Genealogy of Simon Finch eventual plantation owner AlabamaAtticus became a lawyer- first two clients hanged- Maycomb- Hot- people move slowlyScout's mother dies when Scout is 2 yrs. old"Dill" (Charles Baker Harris) arrives."Boo" Radley- Kept in house- stabs father w/scissors, allegedly eats raw squirrelsJem touches Radley house because of Dill's dare.

Chapter 1 FLASHBACK is a device used in movies or novels when a character refers and reflects on a moment from their past.

Examples: 1.The story begins with an injury: the narrator's brother Jem got his arm broken when he was thirteen.

2. The narrator says that if you want to get technical about it, everything began with Andrew Jackson, whose actions led their forefather Simon Finch to settle where he did.

Chapter 1

1. Scout Finch2. Calpurnia3. Atticus Finch4. Dill5. Jack Finch6. Boo Radley7. Jem8. Alexandra Finch9. Nathan Radley

10. In what state does the novel take place?

11.What was the dare Jem completed at the end of chapter 1?

12. What is the name of the town in which the Finch’s live?

Describe the Radley’s house.

Describe Boo Radley.

Chapter 1 Activity

Chapter 2 Chapter 2 (p.20-27)•Scout's first day at school.•Teacher critical of Scout's reading ability.•Scout: Dewey Decimal System waving cards w/"cat", "rat", "man", etc. Told to stop writing since that wasn't done until 3rd grade. •Walt Cunningham no lunch- Scout's explanation gets her in trouble.

Chapter 2

Chapter 2 Short Answer

1. Scout makes three mistakes during her first day at school. What are her mistakes, and why do they make Miss Caroline so angry?

Use R.A.T.S. to answer!

Chapter 3 Chapter 3 (p.27-36)Scout's fight w/Walter Cunningham interrupted by Jem.

Walter pours syrup on vegetables. Scout's laughing corrected by Calpurnia.

Burris Ewell intimidates Miss Caroline until Little Chuck Little intervenes.Atticus tells Scout to empathize w/Miss Caroline but they can go on reading.

Ewells: disgrace of county for 3 generations.

Chapter 2-3 Activity

Describe Scout’s first day at school.

Who does she meet?

Chapter 2-3 Chapters 2-3

1.List at least two things Scout gets in trouble for on her first day of school.

2.What are the Cunningham’s like?

3.Why can’t Walter Cunningham pass the first grade?

4.Who is Burris Ewell and what did he do to shock Miss Caroline?

5. What advice does Atticus give Scout to get along better with folks?

Chapter 2-3

“You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view—until you climb into his skin and walk around in it.”

Chapter 4 Chapter 4 (p.37-45)

School is very boring for Scout who reads Time magazine at home.

Scout and Jem find things in the tree- Indian head, pennies.

Jem rolls Scout in a tire to the Radley's porch.

Jem, Scout, Dill make up a play about the Radleys-

Chapter 4

1. Where do you suppose the gum and the pennies are coming from? What makes you think so?

2. Describe the “Radley” game the children play. Did you ever play like this as a child? Share.

Draw a picture or write a paragraph describing Scout, Jem, and Dill playing the “Boo Radley” game.

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 5 (p.46-54)Mrs. Maudie raises flowers - 'foot-washing' Baptists - say she's going to hell.

Dill Harris- telling many tales about his dad.

Jem tries to get note to Boo with a fishing pole.

Told by Atticus not to put on the play about the Radleys anymore.

Chapter 6 Chapter 6 (p.54-62)The 3 sneak at night into the Radleys to see Boo.

Last day of summer vacation so if they're killed, they only miss school. Jem loses his pants on fence.

Gambling w/matches- story to Atticus- Jem goes back for pants. 

Chapters 4-6 Chapters 4-6 1.What was Boo like when he was a boy, according to Miss Maudie?

2. Why doesn’t Jem want to be a lawyer anymore?

3. Why does Jem go back to the Radley place in the middle of the night?

Chapters 7 Chapter 7 (p.62-68)Second grade for Scout.

Jem & Scout Mr. Radley fills tree w/cement.

Writers often do not state the way a character feels explicitly. Instead, writers will include details about how a character acts and

readers must use these details to make inferences about the character’s emotions. When you infer, you use observations, prior knowledge

and experiences, and details from the text to make connections and come up with ideas.

WHAT IS AN INFERENCE?

Chapters 7

Draw and list all the objects found in the Radley tree knothole.Chapter 4 and 7 What can we infer about the original owner of these items?

Writers will include details about how a character acts and readers must use these details to make inferences about the character’s emotions.

Chapter 7 Items -Ball of twine-1st place spelling bee medal-whole pack of gum-2 soap dolls (one a girl who looks like Scout, one a boy who looks like Jem)-Pocket watch with a knife at the end of the chainChapter 4 Item:-Two pieces of Wrigley DoubleMint Gum-Two polished Indian Head pennies (1900 & 1906--probably represent the years Nathan & Boo were born)-Box made of tinfoil from gum wrappers

Chapters 8 Chapter 8 (p.68-78)Scout thinks the world's ending. It's snowing.Mr. Avery says "bad children like you make the seasons change.“

Jem and Scout make a snowman of Mr. Avery.

Miss Maudie's house catches on fire and burns.Fireman save other houses.

"Boo" Radley puts a blanket around "Scout" who's watching the fire. 

Chapters 8

Chapter 8

Draw a picture of Jem and Scout’s snow person based on the book’s description.

Chapters 7-8

Chapters 7-8

1.What do we learn about Jem’s pants? 2.What happens to the knothole? 3.Why is school cancelled? 4.What do Scout and Jem build in the front yard? 5.Who does it look like? 6.How do Miss Maudie and Atticus both react to the fire?7.Why did Atticus think the children disobeyed him the night of the fire?

Chapters 9 Chapter 9 (p.79-93) Atticus is defending Tom Robinson.

Uncle Jack criticizes Scout's "cussing" and gives Jem and Scout air rifles.

Francis- Scout's cousin- She sees him at Christmas dinner- he calls Atticus a "nigger-lover".

Scout ambushes Francis- Uncle Jack punishes her.

Atticus thinks Maycomb is prejudiced against Tom. 

Chapters 9

Chapter 9

What do you think of Atticus? Is he a good man? Explain your answer with textual evidence from the book.

Describe Francis. Would you want to be his friend? Why or why not?  

Chapters 10 Chapter 10 (p.93-103)Atticus "feeble"- nearly 50. Can't do "anything" (p.94)

Atticus says "it's a sin to kill a mockingbird.“

The kids (Jim and Scout) spot Tim Johnson, a rabid dog.

Calpurnia calls Atticus who arrives w/ the sheriff Heck Tate. Heck asks Atticus to shoot the dog and he does w/one shot. Jem and Scout learn that Atticus doesn't brag about all his accomplishments. Zeebo "collects" dog's body.

Chapters 11

Chapter 11 (p.103-116)Mrs. Dubose plagues Jem until he destroys her camellias w/the baton he bought for Scout.

For punishment he has to read to Mrs. Dubose for a month and then one more week after that. Atticus explains after she dies that she was overcoming a morphine addiction. He says she had courage. 

Chapters 9-11

1. Why are the kids ashamed of Atticus?

2. Why is it a sin to kill a mockingbird? 3. What is Atticus known for? 4. Why does Jem destroy Mrs. Dubose’s

camellias? 5. What do we learn about Mrs.

Dubose’s health? 6. What is Jem’s punishment for

destroying the flowers?

Chapter 11

Chapter 11What is real courage, according to Atticus?

Harper Lee talks about the kudzu-covered porch at Mr. Avery’s house. Read the student passage about kudzu. The following paragraph is an excerpt from a student's report about plant life the southern United States. After reading the paragraph, you will identify details that are unnecessary and explain why they should be removed.

INFORMATIONAL TEXT: THE INVASION OF KUDZU

On a separate sheet of paper, identify the sentences from the paragraph that areunnecessary, and briefly explain why each one should be removed.

The Invasion of KudzuIn 1876, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, hosted the Centennial Exposition in honor of the country’s 100th birthday. The Japanese constructed one of the most popular exhibits, primarily due to an amazing vine called kudzu. For centuries, the Japanese used the pea vine for many purposes, including medicine, but what attracted the Americans the most were the sweet-smelling purple flowers that covered the vine. The warm, moist climate of the southern states—from Georgia toFlorida and north to the Carolinas—was the most hospitable part of the US for the vine. Temperatures in Georgia can reach into the 90s, and the humidity is often above 90%. Residents all over the southeast began planting kudzu. The vine’s success caught theattention of many, including Channing Cope who promoted its use for erosion control and animal feed, especially during the Great Depression. Because of the depression, many homes were left abandoned, so there was not anyone to care for them and keep the plants properly groomed. No one predicted, however, that the vine would end up taking over. The vines slowly engulfed pine forests, telephone poles, and even houses, leading to the destruction of nativeplant life. Pines are not the only trees in the South, however. There are about 250 species of trees in Georgia alone. As kudzu out-competed the local plants, it deprived them of nutrients and, especially, sunlight. Kudzu now covers over 7 million acres of land, and it continues toexpand at the rate of 150,000 acres annually. That is almost one foot per day! Attempts to kill it have proven difficult, as it is immune to most herbicides; thus, kudzu continues to smother the southern states. Researchers continue to search for a solution to “the vine that ate the South,” but the answer is nowhere in sight.

Race RelationsNine black teenagers are falsely charged with raping two white women in Scottsboro, Alabama; eight are convicted and sentenced to death

The U.S. Supreme Court reverses their convictions because their constitutional rights had been violated

The teens are tried for a second time, and are again found guilty

The Supreme Court reverses the convictions again

Eventually, four of the defendants are freed; the other five serve prison terms

The last Scottsboro defendant was paroled in 1950

It was virtually impossible for a black to receive a fair trial

INFORMATIONAL TEXT: THE SCOTTSBORO BOYS

Open-ended Question:

How does this true story make you feel about racism? Use at least 3 examples from the text to support your answer.

Use R.A.T.S. to answer the question. R- Restate A- Answer T- Textual Evidence ( At least 3)S- Summarize (Include your opinion)

INFORMATIONAL TEXT: THE SCOTTSBORO BOYS

Revise and re-write your open-ended response. Use R.A.T.S. to answer the question. You should have at least 5 sentences. (Re-write on the same paper!)

R.A.T.S. R- Restate A- Answer T- Textual Evidence ( At least 3)S- Summarize (Include your opinion)

How does this true story make you feel about racism?

INFORMATIONAL TEXT: THE SCOTTSBORO BOYS

SHORT ANSWER

Part II

Chapters 12-31

Chapter 12 Calpurnia takes Jem and Scout to her church where she talks "colored" dialect.

She learned to read.

She can understand Blackstone's Commentaries.  

Activity: Pretend you are Calpurnia. Write a 25-50 word summary of the day’s events.

Chapter 12 Activity Chapter 12

1.Where did Calpurnia take Jem & Scout?

2. Why did the pastor lock the doors to the church?

3. Who came to stay with the family?

Chapter 13 Chapter 13 (p.129-137)

Aunt Alexandria shows up to help Scout's behavior and keeps up tradition of "fine family.“

Chapter 13

Chapter 13

Chapter 14 Chapter 14 (p.137-146)

Aunt Alexandria wants to send Calpurnia away. She does not want the kids not to go back to her church.

Dill runs away from home because his mom remarries and neglects him. He hides under Scout's bed. 

Chapter 13-14 Chapters 13-141.Why does Aunt Alexandra come to stay with the family? 2.True or False: Scout and Aunt Alexandra get along fine together.3. Why do Jem and Scout get in a fight? What do the kids find under the bed4.How does Jem break the code of childhood? 5.Why did Dill run away from home?

1. Where did Calpurnia take Jem & Scout?

2. Why does Aunt Alexandra come to stay with the family?

3. What do the kids find under the bed?

4. How does Jem break the code of childhood?

5. Why did Dill run away from home?

CHAPTER 12-14 QUESTIONS

Chapter 15 (p.146-157)

Group of men gather in Atticus' yard for a threatening purpose.

Jem says (shouts) there's a phone call.

Tom Robinson back in town-(jail)

Mob wants to lynch him-

Atticus stands up to them.

Scout saves Atticus by reminding Mr. Walter Cunningham about his entailment.

CHAPTER 15

Compare and contrast Haywood Patterson and the Scottsboro Boys’ experience with Tom Robinson’s in chapter 15.

CHAPTER 15

Compare and contrast Haywood Patterson and the Scottsboro Boys’ experience with Tom Robinson’s in chapter 15. (Use R.A.T.S. to answer!)

CHAPTER 15

1. Why did the first group of men come to the Finch’s home?

2. Why did Jem follow Atticus to town?

3. Who showed up at the jailhouse & confronted Atticus?

4. What was their purpose?

5. Who was able to make them leave the jailhouse?

6. How did this person get them to leave?

CHAPTER 15

Chapter 16 (p.158-168)Atticus speaks: (theme: stereotypes) " stand in someone's shoes"

Everyone comes to the county seat for Tom Robinson's trial

Dolphus Raymond- lines up w/colored folks

Revered Sykes get the kids places in the colored balcony.  

CHAPTER 16

 Chapter 17 (p.168-181)

Mr. Gilmer- prosecutor (solicitor)Heck Tate describes Mayella's reported rapes and bruises.She was bruised on right side by left-handed man.

Bob Ewell testifies- Tom Robinson the accused. Bob is left-handed. Mayella grows red geranium. The Ewells live next to the dump. Their water supply runs through it, their home was once a Negro cabin. (Handed down to them)

CHAPTER 17

 Chapter 18 (p.181-192)Mayella called to the stand. She's 19 and a half, not too bright, and tries to keep clean. She tells her version of the story. Tom Robinson's left arm is crippled--no muscles and 10 in. shorter.

Atticus trying to establish that Bob Ewell beat Mayella, or at least that Tom Robinson didn't. 

CHAPTER 18

 Chapters 16 - 18

1. Why does Scout cry after returning home from the jail?

2. How does Jem’s treatment of Scout show his maturity?

3. What does Maycomb’s turnout for the trial imply about human nature?

4. Why is Scout confused after overhearing remarks about her father’s defense of Tom Robinson?

5. What does Atticus attempt to establish through Heck Tate’s testimony?

6. List at least 3 characteristics of the Ewells, as described in chapter 17.

7.What does Atticus attempt to establish through Bob Ewell’s testimony?

8.Atticus is able to get the jury to think about Mayella’s motivation for lying. What is that motivation?

CHAPTER 16-18

 Chapter 19 (p.192-202)

Tom Robinson testifies- Did lots of chores for Mayella- (Busting up junk furniture for firewood) Mayella lures him in- Bob sees her kissing him and Tom runs for it.

Under cross-examination Tom slips and says he felt sorry for Mayella.

The all-white jury is immediately prejudiced against him for thinking he's better than any white person.

Scout takes out Dill (from court) who's "sick" at the prejudice.

CHAPTER 19

CHAPTER 19

 Chapter 20 (p.202-208)

Dolphus Raymond drinking "coke" allows other to think it's alcohol. (Scout and Dill return to court)

Atticus- Says Mayella tempted a negro and beaten by left-handed man.

No proof Tom is guilty or even that a rape occurred

Everyone should be equal under the law.

CHAPTER 20

 Chapter 21 (p.209-214)

The kids go home for an hour- eat dinner- return and wait for jury's verdict.

The jury won't look Tom in the eye as he is found guilty.

The black people in the balcony stand up in respect as Atticus leaves the court.

CHAPTER 21

CHAPTERS 19-21

Chapters 19-21

1.Dill gets sick in the courtroom; what does Dolphus Raymond imply will happen when Dill gets older?

2. How does Scout know the verdict before it is read? 3. Why do the people in the balcony stand as Atticus walks past?

Reflecting on What We’ve Read so far…Reflecting on What We’ve Read so far…Chapters 1-4Chapters 1-4

As the novel begins, we are introduced to the town of Maycomb and its As the novel begins, we are introduced to the town of Maycomb and its inhabitants through the recollections of the narrator, Jean Louise Finch (Scout). inhabitants through the recollections of the narrator, Jean Louise Finch (Scout).

1. What does Scout tell us about the history of the town? What is life 1. What does Scout tell us about the history of the town? What is life like there when Scout is growing up?like there when Scout is growing up?

2. What do we learn about the history of Scout’s family? How is this 2. What do we learn about the history of Scout’s family? How is this history linked with that of Maycomb?history linked with that of Maycomb?

3. Briefly relate the history of the Radleys. What do you find odd about 3. Briefly relate the history of the Radleys. What do you find odd about them? In what ways do the Radleys differ from the Finches?them? In what ways do the Radleys differ from the Finches?

Dill’s curiosity about Boo Radley sparks a series of attempted encounters with Dill’s curiosity about Boo Radley sparks a series of attempted encounters with this mysterious, invisible neighbor. this mysterious, invisible neighbor.

4. What do the children find so fascinating about Boo Radley?4. What do the children find so fascinating about Boo Radley?5. What is the children’s motive in each of these incidents?5. What is the children’s motive in each of these incidents?6. What evidence is given to illustrate that their actions are not going 6. What evidence is given to illustrate that their actions are not going

unnoticed?unnoticed?

Reflecting on What We’ve Read so far…Reflecting on What We’ve Read so far…Chapters 1-11 Chapters 1-11

1.1. After finishing chapter 11, give your opinion of Atticus. Would you like After finishing chapter 11, give your opinion of Atticus. Would you like to have him as a father?to have him as a father?

2.2. As you finish chapter 13, record your reaction to Aunt Alexandra. As you finish chapter 13, record your reaction to Aunt Alexandra. What will the relationship between her and Scout be like, in your What will the relationship between her and Scout be like, in your opinion?opinion?

3.3. In chapter 14, Dill explains to Scout why he ran away. Have you ever In chapter 14, Dill explains to Scout why he ran away. Have you ever felt like this?felt like this?

4.4. Describe your feelings at the end of chapter 22. Was this the verdict Describe your feelings at the end of chapter 22. Was this the verdict you expected?you expected?

5.5. Write down your immediate feelings after finishing the novel.Write down your immediate feelings after finishing the novel.

For your Viewing Pleasure…For your Viewing Pleasure…

To finish our novel unit, we will be watching the film version of “To Kill a Mockingbird”, as well as the movie “A Time to Kill,” a recent film production based on John Grisham’s novel, which deals with similar issues of race and justice.

Be prepared for some questions on the final exam on both of these movies!!

"Holding Out For A Hero"

One, two, three.

Where have all the good men goneAnd where are all the gods?

Where's the street-wise HerculesTo fight the rising odds?

Isn't there a white knight upon a fiery steed?Late at night I toss and turn and dream of what I need

[Chorus:]I need a hero

I'm holding out for a hero 'til the end of the nightHe's gotta be strong, he's gotta be fastAnd he's gotta be fresh from the fight

I need a heroI'm holding out for a hero 'til the morning light

He's gotta be sure, he's gotta be soonAnd he's gotta be larger than life, larger than life

HOLDING OUT FOR A HERO

Somewhere after midnightIn my wildest fantasiesSomewhere just beyond my reachThere's someone reaching back for meRacing on the thunder and rising with the heatIsn’t there a superman to sweep me off my feet?

[Chorus:]

Up where the mountains meet the heavens aboveOut where the lightning splits the seaI could swear that there's someone somewhere watching meThrough the wind and the chill and the rainAnd the storm and the raging floodOh, his approach is like a fire in my blood

I’ll meet a heroAnd then we’ll dance 'til the morning lightDreaming, he'll lead meHeld tight,Tonight’s the night

QUALITIES OF A HERO

QUALITIES OF A HEROThink about what qualities are found in someone

who is a hero. You might like to consider:Strength Kindness

Wisdom BraveryIntelligence Age

Danger Independence GoalsLoneliness

Think about the main character in the song. How is the main character a hero? List the qualities you choose on the left side of the chart and your the right side of the chart.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WI0mSEzttx8

 Qualities of a Hero

 Evidence

PLOT DIAGRAM

SYMBOLISM

The Mockingbird: Symbolizes Everything That is Good and

Harmless in This World

The mockingbird only sings to please others and therefore it is considered a sin to shoot a

mockingbird. They are considered harmless creatures who give joy with their song.

The mockingbird image or symbol appears four times in the novel.

Two characters in the novel symbolize the mockingbird: Tom Robinson & Boo Radley.

SYMBOLISM