Sensor Technologies Matt Mowlem [email protected] Ocean Technology and Engineering Group National Oceanography Centre, Southampton
Sensor Technologies
Matt Mowlem
Ocean Technology and Engineering Group
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton
NOC: research, technology
Ocean Technology and Engineering Group (OTEG)
Mission (“To develop novel technology and
engineering resulting in the greatest impact for
environmental and marine science”)
Sensors and Instrumentation Roadmap
1. Company/Institute/project
2. Name
3. Application/target/technology
4. TRL (met, target date)
5. Operational demo (met, target date)
6. Commercial release (met, target date)
7. Date of last update
8. Datasheet/brochure (hyperlink, embedded pdf)
9. Product page/extra info (hyperlink, embedded pdf)
SenseOCEAN: Marine sensors for the 21st century
Sensor passes UUID through to
base station
Platform
Satellite
Base station/
Data centre
Data delivery by SOS server and linked ocean
data server
Sensor integration, interoperability and data infrastructure
NERC
Linked data
(RDF, SPARQL)
server
UUIDSensorML
SSN (OWL)
JSON LD
netCDF EGO 1.1, CF1.6, LD
Reference for netCDF Link Data
conventions:Yu J. et al. Towards Linked Data
Conventions for Delivery of
Environmental Data Using netCDF:
pages 102-112; Springer., ISBN: 978-3-
319-15993-5
Example: Platform + 3 Sensors + USB
• Epoxy potted
• Pressure tolerant
• Industry standard Subconn connectors
• 6-way Male Platform (power + comms)
• 4-way Male USB (programming)
• N x 4-way Female Sensors (power +
comms)
• Small form factor
• No mounting required, fixing points
provided
7
GoalEnable multi-parameter chemical sensing across autonomous marine platforms
Nitrate (NO3-)
Phosphate (PO4-3)
Silicate (SiO4-4)
Ammonium (NH4+)
Nitrite (NO2-)
Iron (Fe)
Carbonate (pH, TA, DIC, pCO2)
Biology (Fluorescence, Cytometry, Samplers, Genomic sensors)
Radionuclides
Particles NOC MAS fleet
electronics
optics
manufacturing
Microfluidics
Lab on a chip
Assay optimisationIntegrated
systems
Biofouling
mitigation
Platforms & comms
OTEG sensors expertise
Lab-on-chip chemical sensor platform
• Microfluidic colourimetric analyser
• Limit of detection: 0.025 µM
(nitrate), 0.04 µM (phosphate), 0.1
µM (silicate)
• Range: up to 1000 µM (nitrate)
• Low sample volumes (~320 µL per
sample)
• Low power consumption (~1.5 W)
• Has been adapted to several
parameters:
• Works in the deep sea (deepest
deployment to date: 4800 m)
First wet chemical nitrate sensor deployment
on glidersCeltic Sea, April 2015
with Alex Vincent & Maeve Lohan, NOC / SOES (U. Soton)
Temperature
(°C)
Chlorophyll
(mg/m3)
Nitrate
(µM)
Temperature
(°C)
Chlorophyll
(mg/m3)
Nitrate
(µM)
Past sensor deployments
Map: Wikimedia commons
LOC Sensor Analytical method Measurement
type
LOD/precision*
Nitrate + nitrite Griess assay (with Cd
reduction)
Colourimetry
(absorbance)20 nM
pH Thymol blue Dual wavelength
absorbance0.001 pH units*
Phosphate Molybdenum blue
(modified)
Colourimetry
(absorbance)20 nM
Iron (II), Iron (III) Ferrozine (with
ascorbic acid
reduction for Fe (III))
Colourimetry
(absorbance)1 nM
Silicate Silicomolybdic acid Colourimetry
(absorbance)
100 nM
Ammonium OPA + membrane Fluorescence (1 nM)
Total alkalinity BCG with TMT or
single step
Dual wavelength
absorbance(2 µM)*
DIC Membrane+ EC of
NaOH
Conductivity (2 µM)*
Organic N and P UV digester +
inorganic systemColourimetry
(absorbance)
(20 nM)
Further Development Projects
• Radionuclide / particulate sensor (filter concentration and
radiation quantification)
• Trace metal concentration and quantification
• Hydrocarbons and organic molecule quantification
• Nucleic Acid Analysis
• Pathogen quantification
• Phytoplankton genomics and transcriptomics
• Autonomous sampler (for lab analysis of above)
• In situ genomic sensor for real time quantification
Chemical sensor on the Autosub Long Range
pH, DO, CTD pH, Nitrate, Phosphate
Lander-HAT
Date
15/3 16/3 17/3 19/3 20/3 21/3 23/3 24/3 25/3 27/3 28/3 29/3 31/3 01/4 02/4 04/4 05/4 06/4 08/4 09/4 10/4 14/3 18/3 22/3 26/3 30/3 03/4 07/4
pH
7.6
7.8
8.0
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8
9.0
DO
(m
L/L
)
5.8
6.0
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7.0
7.2
7.4
7.6pC
O2 (
uatm
)
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
Nitra
te (
uM
)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10 L/min 10 L/min 50 L/min
Harbour Acceptance Trials (Lander)
Methane Sensor On ecoSUB (micro AUV)
• Ultra low limit of detection
0.2nM
• Time response ~ 3min
• Optical indicator using
Cryptophane-a supramolecule
• Refractive index modulation
• Surface Plasmon Resonance
detection
• Sensing element
• 7x15x30mm
• <200mW
CT-DO Sensor for ecoSUB
Proof of Concept Study: Aptamer Biosensor for
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Seawater1) Aptamer Selection 2) Aptamer Screening
3) Molecular Beacon Development4) Assay Optimisation and Evaluation
MST Binding Curves for Aptamer Sensor Candidates
Naphthalene aptamer sensor
(Kd = 1.3 ± 0.3 nM)
Phenanthrene aptamer sensor
(Kd = 995 ± 208 nM)
Naval / Defence Applications
New Assays (tests)
• Explosives
• Tracers
• Chemical Hazards / Toxins
• Environmental conditions
New sensors for threats / environmental conditions
BBSRC Sustainable Aquaculture: Cytometer for HAB
Detection, Discrimination and Quantification in
Shellfisheries
Microchiptechnology
Microchip
Technology
ISCF Fellowship (McQuillan) A Simplified and
Multiplexed Microfluidic Platform for in situ Nucleic
Acid Sensing
Peltier Thermoelectric Element and Thermocouple
Printed Circuit Board (driver board)
Light Emitting Diode (Wavelength 1)
NASBA / PCR Chip
Light Emitting Diode (Wavelength 2)
90 mm
Amplifica) on,chamber,
Preserved Reagents
Air,reservoir,
A
B
(Also RPA and tHDA)
(Or low power micro-heater technology)
Naval / Defence Applications
New Assays (tests)
• Environmental conditions: bioluminescence potential, biological
turbidity
• Tracers (eDNA for cetaceans, divers)
• Biological Threats / Pathogens
• Food and water safety / quality
New sensors for threats / environmental conditions