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50
lN DARKEST AFRICA - Part OneA GUIDE TO WARGAMING CENTRAL AFRIGA
IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURYWITH A SET OF SKIRMISH RULES AND
CAMPAIGN SYSTEM.
by CHRIS PEERS (with a Mark Copplestone).-==-:-.---==
no3ro.A, TEE JEW C-{Pr:rAtAs most \argamers have learned from
exper;ence, it is asensible polic), to plan our figure collecting
around the rulesthal we enjoy playine. ralher than buy;ng figures
because \like the look of them, and then *'orrying abour whal ro
dorvith ihen laler Bul ofcourse, it usually doesn't happen rhat\ay.
The latest temptation to shake my resolve in thisrespect is Mark
Copplestone's new 25mn. "Darkesi Africa"range from Guemsey Foundry.
I ha\e ahvays been inrerestedin evenls in Africa during the period
ofexplorarion. bui untitno$, I had never rhoughr much aboul it as a
subjecl tbrudJgdming Bul ha\ ing decided rhal lhe f igures qere
goinrto be inesistible - and having seen ho$,many orher membersofmy
local club were infected with the same enthusiasm - it$as obvious
that we would need a game $'e could play with
The fbllowing ideas are an amalgamation ofseveral
ditrerenrinfluences: nolably Peter Pigs "AK-,17 Republic"
ModernAfiian mles and the campaign syslem {hich I devised forthem,
and my own, half,forgotten, "Cheap and Nasry tndianMuliny Skirmish
Rules", as .evived and revised by MarkCopplestone and John French.
I rvrote the lalter quile a fe$years ago. for the usual reason - I
had painled up some ofWargames Foundry's Mutiny figures. bul had no
game whichI could use them fof - and Duncan was kind enough
topublisb thcm in WI at tbe tirne. To judge from 1be feedbacktiom
readers th;s must have been the most popular anicle Ihave ever
$ritten. which is a bit embarrassing as I threw lherules together
in aboul balf an hour, between finishing thefigures on Sunday and
playing the game on the lbllowingTuesday. No one was more surprised
than I tras to find rhat.;ncrediblt basic rhough they wre. rhey
actually worked!Neve(heless. lhey languished largely forgorlen for
quite ai\.hil, until oul ofthe blue Mark and John askd if I
mindedifthey adapied them for rheh African game ar Partizan
rh;sMay. Ofcourse I didn't mind: lhey had solved my problemas wcll
as their own. A&er all, the rules tlere intendedspecifically
for large l9th cntury skirmishes bet{een forcesat different leveis
oftechnology and organisation, and rvirh afer.obvious changcs. they
appeared to work for Africajustas sel las for India.
OF TBE ${PEBOB ITTESA.
Skirmish games arc al l lery Bel l for an occasional l
igh!hearted encounter. bul I llnd that people tend to lose
inlerestin them after a while, unless rhcy afc built inio some
moredurable slructure- No one wanls 10 buy a fe\\. hundredfigures,
put them on the table one or tw;ce, and then shovethem to the back
of a drawer Obviously, what was neededw?s an equally simple
anpaign- And once again, thesolution $as already to hand. I have
explained in a previousarlicle the st)lised ca'npaign sysrem which
we (ie. theOctober Club in Binningham) are using for our
currentModern African campxign. "The Dagomban Civil War".Well. it
turns out rhal long-suffcr;ng lbur fortunatelyfictional) Daeomba
was also a scene of conflici about ahundred and thirty years ago.
The system I have used here isnot identical 1o the modem version,
because the aims ofthdifferent factions are differenl, but the
basic "smkes andladders" principle is the same. and basing il on
the map oIDagomba saved me the bother offinding or invent;ng a
new
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.By lhe rhird quaner of the lgth cenrury,
Easr and CenrralAfrica had become something of a playground for
explorersand adventurers from Europe. For the people living there.
onthe other hand, lhis was a time of disasler Nol onlyEuropeans.
but Arab slavers and almosr equally rulhlessivory traders rampaged
across the continent, d.agging offthe natives lor sale abroad or
conscripting them as porters.At Ihe same time $'arlike tribes such
l]s the Ngoni from thesouth and the Kammojong from the north, set
in motion b-vother upheavals beyond their homelands, migraled or
raidedinlo the region. The local lribes of course fought back,
andin the vast region between the Congo River and the IndianOcean
all sorls of different armies allied or clashed witheach other in
whal must have seemed at times like a giganticmulti-comered fight.
As ifthis $?s not enough, some tr;bes- nolably the Masai- kepl
rhemselves busv with blood! civ;l
Th fi-qhting was seldom over conventicnal tenitorialobjectiles.
For the European explorers, ihe ultimale goal
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mighl be the unkno'"vn source of a river. or a seni-mythicallak.
or mountain. The Arabs $ould be lrling lo collectenough slales or
ivory to make the trip inland worthlvhile.and then get their cargo
safely back to rhe coast. The nari\ecattle-herding tribes $ould be
doing bas;call) the same thingwilh olher pcople's cattle. Olher
nalive chiefs mighl aim tob recognised or confirmed as a "d;vine"
king (according totradit;onal African notions of kingship), through
acombinalion of material wealth and success in batlle. Thetanners
and hunters, on the olhe. hand, $,ere strategicallythirly pass;ve -
although lhe) mighl try to fighr off slavers.or obstruct {he
passage ofarmies th.ough the;r lenitory - andwould generally be
happy ifthey remained in conlrol ofthe
mean;ng "soldier". For our purposes. it embraces allprofessional
Arab and Afr;can lroops, amed with firearmsof various t_vpes, and
having a reasonable amounl oiconfidence in their abiliry to use
rhem. This includesZanzibari and Sudanese slavers, and natile
auxiliariesrecruitcd and equipped by Europeans. Also covered
underth;s heading are the better equipped follorvers ol somenative
chiefs - such as the "Ruga"Ruga" enployed bywarlords like Mirambo
of the Nyamwezi lribe and hiscontemporary Nlungu ofthe Kimbu - ,nd
profess;onal slaleand ;vor)Laders like the "pombeiros" whom
Livingstonediscovered operating along the upper Zambes; ;n the
1850s.There are 2 sub-classes of Askaris. in addition ro the
'Ihese rules. therelbre, are baied around the existenc of a
nunber of different types of force, each composed ofdiffering
propo(ions ofthe various t] pes oftroops available(rvith
acknowledgements to Peler P;9, Nho have used asimilar apprcach ;n
their "AK-47 Republic" Modern rules).For game purposes, I have
reduced the enormous varielv ofredl l i f ( rroopr)pes lo the fol
losinC brodd caleporier:TROOP TYPES:Europeans
Elite Askarisuntil rhe late 1860s,these men will bedistinguished
rnainlyby their bexer lrain-ing and morale.Therealler. the]mighi
carn, breechloadnrg rifles or re-pealing carbines in
These were mercenaries, rec.uited nainly from the
Indiansub-conlinent, who were frequently found in the service ofthe
Zanzibaris. They conlinued to favour obsolete matchlockmuskels.
backed up by sword and shield, and so arc treatedhere as less
effective when firing, although better at hand-ro-hand combat, than
standard Askaris.
slead ofthe nore common muzzleloaders. Thev will sencFally be a
small minoritJ ofany force - forming, tbr exam-ple, ihe bodyguads
ofZantbari leade.s.
Pretty obvious really. ln this periodthey are mostly explorers
and big-game hunters. rather than thecommandars of
conventionalmilitary expeditions. Armed wilhthe latest rnilhary or
sporting guns,practiced shots, convinced of theirabsolute
supedority over the"savages"
- and wilh nowhere 10run ro ifthey don't stand and fighr -lhey
are the most effeclive troops inthe game. Howevet they are
onlyavailable in very smallnumbers.
Askaris"Askari" is an Arabic word
UBA'B0,3PITEIoT8.
land they sianed \,!ith.
Baluchis
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Native MusketersWaniors fron traditional African societ;es.
armed.$iihfirearms whih were generally old-fashioned and
badly-maintained. These weapons had been supplied in very
largenumbers over the preceding couple of centuris 10 nativeagents
of the ivofv and slave trades. They \,!ere seldom.however used with
any greal skill. In lvarfare fi noise rheymade rvas oflen
considered to be as important as any acrualdamage they might do,
and so ancient large-calibre muzzle-loaders were often prefened,
even when more modemweapons were available. Ammunition $,as
ftequently"grapeshot" made from nails, bils ofpottery etc. (lt was
nolunknown lbr waniors to go to the trouble of filing off
therifling from the insides ofthe banels ofmodem rifles so rhalthey
could be used to fire such improvised projectiles-)
The bow \vas less onmonly used in warfare in the lgtbcentury
than it had been lormerly. This r,as at least partlydue lo lhe
prestige wh;ch had come ro be aitached tofirearms, although in fact
skilled archers \\'ere often moreefective than their compatriots
equipped with musketswhich they had not been trained to use
properly. Somepeoples - notably pastoralists like the Masai -
desp;sed thebo!v, and restricted its use to youths not yet
qualified aswaniors, and old nen lefi to guard the camp.
Howevef,some forest tribes who rlied heavily on hunling could
siillfield numerous fichers, many of whom used poisonedarrows.
There is I sub-class ofthis category:
PyenicsIn the dense Congo rain forests, a few lribes ofPygmies
stilllived as hunter-gatherers. They rvere exceptionally skillcd
infieldcraft and archery, and specialised in shooting poisonedanows
from ambush. They usually prefered ro aloid otherpeople, but in
many cases had been lured or forced into alose relationship with
neighbouring farming tribes. Thefarmers ofien thought of themselves
as owning "rheir"Pygmies, but the latter no doubt saw il
differenlly. In facl,many other Africans wre secrtly tenified of
the deadlylittle hunters.
Native SpearmenOthe. tribal waniors. whether armed with spears
(by far rhemost common) or other hand-to-hand wapons such asswords
and axes. Swords $'ere popular in Easr Africa andareas under Arab
influence, but less so in the Congo. Thereare 2 sub-classes. apart
from standard Spearmen:
Agil SpearmenThe younger waniors of some pastoral or
semi-pasroralsocieties. whose lifestyle and training for war made
lhemexceptionally fleet of fool, and who were expected 1()
pfolethemselves in battle before they could progress 10 full
adulrsratus within the lribe. Among some peoples, Iike the
Masai,this distinction was lbrrnalised by a tradirional system
oforganised age-classes, members ofs,hich foughr rogerber
Warrior SpearmenComprising a small elite oflhe older, more
experienced menin most societies, but the bulk of the mature
warriors of alew notably warlike peoples, such as th Masai or
Ngoni.These men might be slightly less mobile thar their
juniors,but are exceptionally deadly in close ombat.
FORCE TYPES:The above troop-tvpes, in varying propodions, may
becombined into any of the following force types. Like thetroop
categories the]' are necessarily over,simplified, but ilshould be
possible io fit most histor;calexamples into one orolher of them.
The numbers given are of course onlysuggesiions, and could for
example be halved (or doubledl)depending on the number of figures
available. Relativeslrengths are intended to produce a rough
balance betweenthe different forces, but ihis depends on a lot
ofother factors(such as the tenain), and so cannot be
guaranteed.
In this period Europeans came to tropical Afiia not somuch as
conquerors as explorers. whether private orgovemment-backd. Some
ofthem had a genuine (ifusuallynisguided) inlerest in helping the
Africans, by spreading"civilisation" or suppfessing the slave
trade. For others. themotive was scientific curiosity, career
advancmeni, or thedesire to get rich. They would not usually
launchunDrovoked altacks on native forces. but would insist ongoing
whereve. they l;ked, and would be inclined to takedrastic action if
this was disputed. Somedmes they *ould
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32 figures:
Native CbiefdomSome East African peoples rlere either already
highlyorganised under lraditional rulers - like the Buganda
oflakeVictoria - or organised themselves in response to
outsideinfluences - like the Nyamwezi in Tanzania, who made so
53
12 - 24 Askaris. (Any may beBaluchis. Up to 4 Askarifigures may
be EIite.)
0 - 12 Native Musketeers-0-4 Native Archers.8 - 20 Native
Spearmen.
inrcrvene in local disputes. Brilish expeditions, in
panicular,might be under instructions to attack slavers. Some
explorersmanaged to avoid onflict with the natives, while others
-Sianle) and Peters being among the worst examples - foughttheir
\\,ay rulhlessly througb anything resembling opposition.Expeditions
could vary greatly in size, but for our purposes a"typical" force
looks like this:
l6 figures: I - 3 Europeans.6 - 12 Askaris. (Up to l/l may
be EIile.)0 - 8 Native Musketeen or
0-8 Nat ive Speamen.
3 ofthe above figures are ofiicers. At least I ofrhem mustbe
European. Up to 2 nay be Elite Askaris.
During the l9th century, Arab expeditions penetmred EastAftica
fiom two different directions. The Zanibaris - heirsto the Omani
expansion doun th coasr which had replacedthe Porluguese - came
from the east coast, while Egypliansand Sudanese moved down from
the north. The latter wereoften rellrred 10 as "Turks", because
they came from areasrvh;ch had once been under the control of the
OttomanSullans. The Zanzibaris had a bad reputation as
slale-raiders, although most oftheir victims were ;n fact
capruredfor ihem by native all;es. They also engaged in
morelegitimate trade, especially in ivory. The "Turks were evenmore
rapacious, as they rvere mainly interested in seizingrecruits for
lhe Egyptian army, and caried no goods forpeaceful trading.
However, they seldom penetnted furthersoulh than the north of wbat
is now Uganda. In theiroperations ;n the Sudan (both East and West)
rhey oftenrelied on avalry. but horses were unsuiled to the
tserse-flyinfested regions of East and Central Afric4 and so are
notcatered lbr in these rules. Arab factions often foughr not
onlynative peoples, but also each otber. They were also alvarious
limes allies and enemies of various Europeanexpeditions. A notional
force ofthis type will consist oi
fair numbers of firearms, and often managed to look
afterthemselves quile well. This force rcpresents botb
thetradilional chiefdoms, and the nore ephemeral regimes ofmen like
Mirambo aDd Nyungu. The "askaris", particularlyin the latter type
of fbrce, *ould include the colourtul"Ruga-Ruga" irregulars, whose
discipline sometimes leftsomething to be desired, but who were
full-tirne soldirswith good weapon-handling skills:
44 figures:
much profitfiom theiremploymentas porte.s that
could afford
8 - 16 Aska|js.8 - 16 Nalive Musketeers.0 - l0 Native Arhers.8 -
16 Nati.\re Spearmen. (Up ro
l/4 may b WaniorSpearmen.)
Tribal FarmersMany Africans - especially those far ftom the
coast - stilllived in small faming communities, Iargely isolated
fiomthe great trading roules, and so cut otr from a supply ofmodem
weapons. In reality they seldom managed ro rcsist
4 Askari figures (ofany sub-type) are ofiicers.
5 Askari figures are ofiicen.
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European or Arab incursions, but for the sake of gamebalance we
will give them a large enough force to sland a
6,1figures:
PAINTING GUIDE:EXPLORERSEarly European explorers tended to wear
clolhes of a cutand colour popular at home, or a specially made.
oftenidiosynratic, travelling costume. Later a white or palekhaki
"uniform" *'ith a tropical helmet or wide-brimmed hatbecame the
norm. Some ofthe more famous explorers wereassociated with a
particular costume:
Livingstone - a red smock and a biue peaked cap with agold
band.Baker - a loose smock and trousers. dyed in natural
shades.with a peaked cap with neckflap.
0 - 16 Native Musketeers.0-24 Native Archers. (Up 10
I2 figurs may bePysmies.)
32 - 64 Native Spearmen. (Up tol/4 may be WaJriorSpearmen.)
0-4 Nat ive Archers.60 - 64 Native Spearmen. (Up to
l/2 may be AgileSpearmen, l/5 to i/4 areWarrior Spearmen.)
6 figures (not Pygmies) are ofiiers.Tribal HerdsmnSome African
societies in the drier savannah regionsrejectedfarming, and lived
mainly or exclusivelv from the productsoftheir cattle. They lended
to be very warlike, conseNative.and convinced of their own
superiority over both farmersand hunters. In some cases they
instituted a vinual reign oflenor over their neighbours. though in
others therlationship was more peaceful. The most famous
examplefrom East Afiica is the Masai, but similar herdsmendominated
much of th southem Sudan. The Ngoni. whomigraied into East AFica
llom the sourh eafly ;n tbe l9thcentury and brought sith ihem a
military system derivedliom that of the Zulus. may also be placed
in this caregory.A popular pastime among the wariors of lhese iribs
w?ssleal;ng catlle, from ihe famers or each orher. (According
toMasai legend, all the cattle in the world orig;nally belongedto
lhem, although some had been temporarilymisappropriated by lesser
poples. I1 rvas obviously awarrior's duly to help return them to
the fold.) They foughrvery ellbctivel] against other traditional
Africans. bur theirrash courage. and their tendency to dspise guns
,rndskirm;shing tactics, made them tenibl) \ulnerable lo
Nodernfirearms.
64 fisures:
Speke - Iight brc$'n trcusers, a greenishrlith many pockets, and
acheck shirt.Stanley - a frogged
.iacket and curiousdevisins, in a pale shade ofkhaki.
hat of his o\\.n
6 Warrior Spearman figures are officers.
Tribal HuntersBy the l9lh century, ihis ancient lifestyle
survived only in afew isolated pockets, which were 1oo dry or too
denselyfbrested for agriculture. Thus hunters were seldom
rroubledmuch by davers, being too few and too elusive to be
worthchasing. Most - though not all , of the specialisr hunrerswere
pygqries living in the rainforests of the Congo. Thist-vpe of force
will be quite efective in thick cover, butperhaps less useful
elsewhere:
48 figures ifPygmies;60 ifnol:
All or none may be Pygmies. If Pygmy, all couni as PygmyNative
Archers. lf not, up to 24 figures may be NaliveSpearmen. and the
ren srandard Nali\e Archel:.
5 figures are ofilcers ifPygmies.6 ifnot.
Flags - expeditions starting in Zanzibar usually canied
theSultan's plain rcd flag. and often a national flag1oo.
ASKARISSkin - could vat" from yello$ish bronze to dark
bro\ln.Askaris would not wear warpaint, although some wouldhave
tribal scars.
Loincloths - most commonly olT-white cotton, sometimesdyed
yello$.bro$'n, indigo (all shades from blue-black tofaded denim) or
white *'ith a nanor,! reddish border. Othermore colourful fabrics
included blue with a broad red stripe,dark blue with a red
oryellorv border mulri-coloured checksand sometimes plain red. In
pradice these best clotbesuould be kepl lbr special occasions. and
eleryda) loinclothssould be ragged and srained.
Waistcoats - blue or red in imilation ol lhe Zanzibar;s.
Coats and Shirts - if wom at all, could represent arudimentary
unifom eg the white coats with red or bluecuffs and a natching l'
square between the shoulders wornby lmperial British East Africa
Company troops in 1890.
Htts - either fezzes and caps, in red or while. or
turbans,usually while.
BEARERSDressed more poorly than askaris in plain fabrics or
animalskins.
ZANZIBARI ARABSSkir - vaied, liom oliv to dark broun. with the
number oftseneralions a famil) had been senled in l-asl Africa.Gown
- a long shirl with tull-length sleeves. Originally thiswas a dull
yelloq but by the 1870s was usDally white. i1sbrightness increasing
with status. At the waist there wasusually a sash, often $,hite
although any colour could beused. A shorter shirl, in a slriped or
pattemed fabric. wassomelimes lvorn over the go*n.
Waistcoats and Jackets - dark blue or red zouave style
rvithcontrasting edging and decorarion.
Overm.ntles - in dark blue or red, wom by leaders.
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Hats - whirc fezzes or turbans. Wahhier Arabs often
usedmulticoloured. striped silks fof their turbans.
Flags - a blood-red flag \las rhe sign of a camvan rromZanzibar.
although the conringents of individual leaderscanied their o\n f
lap5. lhe.e were probabt) s impt(\enicdlor ho.r /onlal \ l r ipe)
in blue. red and $hi le. r l lhoughpattemed fabrics may have been
used.
RUGA-RUGAClolhing - a mixture ol askari, Zanzibari and tribal
stytes.Red cloaks \re sometims wom. Oliicers lvore Zanzibari,style
rvhite gorvns witb red or blue coars.
Hats - large rDdans rvith feathers. feathered tribalheaddresses
and probably ttzzes.
O.naments - hung rvith chams. lors ofivory bangtes, b.assor
copper lvire around wrists and ankles.
CENTRAL AFRICAN TRIBESSkin - from light ro very dark brown,
jairly uniform with;n aparticularrribe
Loincloths - animal skins, bark clorh (pale red-brown) andlater
imporred cloth.
Hair and Headgerr, huge \arier] ofhairsryles. \,rhich {ereolien
the dislinguishing featrre ofa tribe. Feathers coutd befixed in
hair - ostrich feathers (long \hite and short black) inEasl Africa,
and panot feathe.s (long crimson ano shortgrey) in the Congo basin.
Feathers could also be attached toanimal skin or baskelwork
caps.
55Warprint - not ahvays used. but uhen ir was red and whitewere
the usual colours. Patlems usually involved paintingparts oflhe
bod] ;n solid colours (eg white ams and tegs orrcd upper body).
Somerimes rhe enrire body could bepa;n.ed, half red and half white.
A tribe might use acommon sl)le, bul would nol be painted
absolutelyuniformly.
Shilds - ;n East Africa, $hen used. $re round or oval andmade
ofhide. They \
re often unpainted. ahhough at leastone tribe painied rheirs
half red and hatf black. Anycombinarion of red. $h < and black i
! pos5ibte. In theddmper a'ongo qhere hide $as una\ai ldbte or
qoutd rol loofast, shields rv.re made ofbasketwork or light lvood.
Bothtypes De. commonlv pa;nred black, either plain or $;thgeomelric
pattems left in lhe narural cane colour Shields$ere held by a
central hand-grip.
Ski/hrish Rr.lesin Pafi Tta,o ....
an.l Campoign System to lolloro
B i . " r | . t r n , s . . l r b s 1 6 . ' i c t qTbey bccoDc
fticnds ,idi i.tr qho kerr rhcm radt
-
ffi.&''s ,*oo*^=srAFRtcA -partrwo -+-- ' ,l t#il:t"l t
slt*lpyl*SAMTNG cENTMLAFRTcA rN rHE LArE NrNEreeNrfl ceuroev - ^ jl
'df\eNrnceuroev:
, jl ,{Dt$izri. n vv,eE
I.OI*" THE TABLE TOP RULES.i)92f by tQf,,|ffls PEER$.1fu,;Yr
rxi-iner-iicitiill6.- .- --.""--- j - "cd 9U) - ( f i uypqp
tseeens . lY ' . . q \ . .b,;{ iL
&*r--,:*;^3tre;F,Rl.+?,-Rw;31#w*-*-- .- .d' CIl y;,& $ k .
T t e
s$pffi trH'N # .uX*fi)# ,ffgt! 1K q"'tn'* *f76 eY{,*Sm . .
l";;;:;:,i;'";:;,;.::,'. ffi ffi\ ' { lhe or iprnal rules $cre
designed , is , i con\enrional st i rmish ca5e. lhe e\acr ba.e
size, are nor cr i r ical There i , nor much (, ; , i , .'b{e:
game. and.o f igure. are assumed ro be indi ! idur l ly brsed poinl
$on}ing aboul rh( r im< and ground .c.r le(.
-
f r t d W=f j [F # \ *P-sid#-rss r#d{$fir,T*^,:ra .r&*sc
kl;***'#**28-"f'-; #ffi*'"ftffi:furFAwFb S. d"##64
-ffp&1't{'i'.iiltr-il$ ttom AcWRlT to 20. Xepi an.! Shell
JacAet ,tr:4R tn E- 'f::'r&O'ffi*s&eEgF.trffitii I
*:;';;t2",:*,"," 1i:;::i :*-*,"*''
":':.." ^ ":::;'"* *"*:': En"e'd ,e!{*8F I"^7';J;1X,,,","
+*,$IFr- -traeAw.tr=& =fr,$:$yr< Jr3 qg:T", sY 'T:'Eg'3
wt4g4F')w' "*m-L.).{.l{
1'^fe ! ' ^ - .Fn , iJ . - r - r Bbrdns"^uk .qa ra 'GJ'^\ k"Pr 4
"d BtuL n'-zitrC!--.al-. D(,* sh"" rncrrt' r^1'
, r3'- h 1 Dy* {" r ,x.Asux qq\,$wd ve,tu,u Vv^tr \vcJ k ,d r t
ro s . ' r ! r 'o . f tm/ ! wu L ' .
- ff:l$-{.,1((5_ visible enemy. eyrend up ro l wirhin loliase
coler so rnar a trgurc wirtrln )SYdit''< - Altempl lo rcload a
weapon. l'ofrheedgeol a parch olfore.r. for example. can see and
jr'
-
&$reiStusKr;?).-L3 H"na-ro-Hrna co,nurr.
4roo-(arryonunaffecreo *i5s.ffi \"SiPe
ys'*H":'?:r".::riieorha,,s,renp,h , -t,$ffi E l)ffi
'!frlr+#;:]Hi{*,''"ihr'".'i"",*S- Own force is currentl) belo$
halfsrrenglh -2 ..^Srr^^ ) .\As: - - Non-Europeans lesling for
ambush by hgmies -) ;^
.$*' r;-'t r; : -'\ -.\l) - -:-=
eB; *ilsffi\ .=;@i.q'--=: THE CAMPACA
."ffiffi:*oxffiffio"-kw il,ffi%mj,..('J;( Occurs "hen ta5es
louch. hahing dn arracker'\ move. Iflwo The accompanying campaign
map depicls an imagina4 Y-? |Q-tY i:ll:' lcl': ""::
l!:::1"'T!''''r" f cti: lgT 'h' "'.pJlTlt ":5:l L':*lr
-:t:ljl".c-t:l1o '':;,!: :"1.,i lt $Y]6,\i( "ir'i..r'ii*. giving
rhe orher a free hir. \o more Ihan rwo Africa. lr will be apparenr
ihar rhe pame is nor inrenaea to il6.
B|r$1. opponens ma1 fishr a figure in Lhe.ame move. be rdi(en
loo .eriousl]. buL ir does rr) ro rcpresent rhe son ot
i2;q3!-$\
di. Iach fighling figure rolls a D6. adding or subtracring rhe
perils shich real-lite ej\peditions mighr have encounlered. :.1i:)r
, , fu1< hand-lo-hand modi l le| l g i \en in rhe end column o[
lhe Thes].remisdesignedlocarerfor4ro6playe$.Thel lnr4 lV,,S if rhe)
do nor wish ro. fhe finr eypediuon Lo reacn Lne 'ir1
,)'q)}tsa P":Sf":t.-- lasr srdee of ir, route. dt Lhe Lop ot rhe
map. is rhe sinner of ()W)Yi$.^ panic Tesi.$W cEI lasr siage of ir,
route. at Lhe Lop ol the map. is the s;** "i i$-rhe campaisn.
YsG:f9'sV-XfU) n-g"'.'t ldke seveml dalsro wearofl. Remain hre
unlil As if att this wasn'l enough, there are four other
Ji,5,!4U*}" { you lhrow d I or 2 on your mo\ emrnr dice maior
obstacles n,hich all Darties must cross: 'rri.$') '2'Yu Fields or
Hemp: The rdbe rhal planred this crop has run om rl" rr iU,
The..N\ika.. is a *are.tess. uninhabired S)vj-t$ll$ at your
approach. Your Ruga-Ruga bod)suards ha\easood urtdemess which
qrercies for hurdred. of miter oara et ro ..;Nv,i 9ji ..*. and chir
our ror i coupre of days. rhus ronined. ,r,. r*i,ir.i.", ."".i.
i-.,iJi",n*r*l , *.'" i."r .l e.t"