In-building Wireless Tutorial - Spread Spectrum Scene Online: An

1

VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTEAND STATE UNIVERSITY

TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

© 2001 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved

In-building Wireless TutorialThe Last 100 Meters of the Wireless Revolution

Dr. Ted S. RappaportJames S. Tucker ProfessorMobile & Portable Radio Research GroupVirginia [email protected]

11th Annual MPRG Symposium

June 6-8, 2001


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

2

©2001 T. S. Rappaport

Today’s Topics

MotivationEmerging TrendsTechnical DetailsEquipment ChoicesDemo of ToolsDesign Examples

2


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

3


Tutorial Overview

Motivation for In- building WirelessService TypesDesign ObjectivesThe Indoor RF EnvironmentIn- building Distribution TechnologiesEquipment Options & Design IssuesLink Budget & Propagation ModelingTraffic EngineeringPractical Deployment IssuesDesign Tools


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2


Motivation for In-building Wireless

3


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

5


Why Cover Indoor Anyway?

Last Great Coverage FrontierOffloads Macro SystemNo Indoor Data Alternative


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

6


Why Campus/Indoor Wireless Coverage?

Public areas, offices, classrooms need coverage

Huge need to move in- building users onto in-building networks where interference is confined within building walls -- avoids saturation of outdoor network

Consumers are adopting wireless appliances for ubiquitous coverage - capacity needed in buildings where people live, work, recreate

Carriers and building/tower owners can offer savings through integrated services and billing

4


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

7


Buildings and Campus enterprises need planned wireless internet and cellular/PCS strategy

Campus environments require design tools that support ongoing facilities management and maintenance for expansion and upgrades

In- building wireless deployment in its infancy but will explode with Wireless Office, Wireless LANs, Wireless Video, VoIP, Bluetooth, and Wireless PDAs.

Wireless Access Issues in Buildings


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2


Service Types

5


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

9


In-building Service Types

Cellular, PCS, WAPWireless Office ServiceWireless LAN (IEEE 802.11)Wireless PDAs (Compaq IPAQ, Handspring)Wireless VoIPWireless VideoBluetooth


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

10


Service Types

Indoor Public Voice & Data ServiceWireless Office ServiceWireless LAN

6


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

11


Indoor Public Service

Base Station is Microcell or Picocell Radio EquipmentCarrier Pays


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

12


Wireless Office Service (Private Service)

Wireless PBX or Cellular Base StationPSID for User Re- RegistrationDialing and Billing FeaturesCustomer Pays

7


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

13


Public WLAN (PubLAN)

Public Access to 802.11b W- LANInternet Service Provider (ISP) offers accessIn- building service provider (IBSP) installs and owns equipment


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2


Design Objectives

8


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

15


Design Objectives

RF Performance

Cost

Specific Customer requests

Ease of Installation

Ease of Maintenance


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

16


RF Planning Objectives

Satisfaction of Specific Customer NeedsRF and Network Performance (Coverage and Capacity)Minimal Cost (Equipment and Installation)Cooperation with macrocell systems and interference minimizationEase of installation and integration with building environment, all properly documentedOngoing infrastructure maintenance

9


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

17


Design Objective: RF Performance

Sufficient Downlink Power for:Phones to camp on to your indoor or microcellsystemGood downlink voice quality anywhere customer can make a callInternet access inside buildings


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

18



Limit downlink power to prevent phone overload at closest access point

10


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

19



Transmit as little downlink power out of the building as possibleKeep antennas away from exterior glassMinimize macrocell interference


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

20



Sufficiently Low- Loss Reverse Link Path for:Good reverse link voice qualityGood reverse link with minimum power drainMinimize uplink interference to macrocellHigh speed Internet link

11


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

21



Reliable handoffs with the macrocell SystemWalking into the buildingIn an elevator on all floorsDriving out of basement parking garageExiting via elevated walkway


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

22


Best Placement Objectives

Cover sensitive or secure areas without requiring installation of antennas or cable (i.e. hospitals)

12


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

23



Hide or disguise the antenna system for minimum visual impact


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

24



Achieve design objectives at minimum costEquipment Cost: maximizing efficiency Installation Cost: best technology choice Leasing Cost: distribution system

RBSDark FiberCAT 3 or CAT 5

13


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2


The Indoor RF Environment


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

26


The RF Propagation Environment

LossesFadingNoiseRF ExposureRF OverloadMultipath

14


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

27


Indoor RF Fading Statistics

Bottom Line: Indoor Environment is More ForgivingUse 17 dB C/(I+N) for IS-136 or PDCUse 13 dB C/(I+N) for GSM or GPRSUse 7 dB C/(I+N) for IS-95 or CDMA 2000Lack of substantial multipath inside buildings renders RAKE useless

Outdoor IndoorRayleigh Rician


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

28


Indoor Radio Noise Sources

ComputersRotating MachinesPower Distribution EquipmentRF Heating EquipmentTransmitters

15


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

29


Indoor Maximum Power Exposure (MPE)

Radiax Produces Low Power DensityBe Careful of Directional Antennas Aimed Toward FloorPreventing Phone Overload Will Keep Power Density Well Below MPEFCC Requires Measuring Power Density for Indoor Sites in US (OET65)


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2


In-building Distribution Technologies

16


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

31


In-Building Distribution Technologies

Repeaters (coverage,but no capacity)Bi-directional amplifier (BDA)

Passive Distribution (lossy, short distance)Coaxial cable, splitters

RF Amplifier Distribution (expensive)Coaxial cable, splitters, amplifiers

Active Distribution (requires new wiring)Optical, analog or digital; CAT-5


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

32


Repeater Design Issues

Sufficient capacity in outdoor serving cellNoise floor levels on both sides of BDAAdjusting BDA gains for desired coveragePlacement of BDA and antennasOverall cost vs. performance

17


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

33


Passive Distribution Design Issues

Noise floor increases due to lossSignal loss through distribution networkAdditional loss due to splitters or tapsUsing radiating cable vs. run- and- dropDesigning multi- antenna “star” topologySingle- or multi- band distributionOverall cost vs. performance


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

34


RF Amplifier Distribution Design Issues

Correct allocation of gain in systemAvoidance of intermod or spurious signalsLimitation: dynamic range headroomBi- directional gain and noise figure designOverall cost vs. performance

18


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

35


Active Distribution Design Issues

Accurate provisioning: power per RF userExisting vs. installed distribution wiringSingle- mode fiber vs. multi- mode fiberUpgradeable architectureOverall cost vs. performance


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

36


Example of Active Distribution

LGCell™ by LGC WirelessSupports multiple standards and bandsMain Hub connects to BTS/repeaterFiber connects Main Hub to Expansion HubsCAT-5 connects Expansion Hubs to Remote RF unitsUses inexpensive fiber and copper wiring

19


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

37



Litenna™ & Rfiber™ by Foxcom WirelessSupports multiple standards and bandsRFiber transceiver connects to BTS/repeaterFiber and optical BDA connect RFiber to Litenna base unitsLitenna base units connect via fiber to many remote hub unitsUses inexpensive fiber and simple connectors


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

38



Digivance™ by ADCSupports multiple standards and bandsDigital Host Unit connects to BTS/repeaterMulti-mode fiber connects Digital Host Unit to Digital Expansion unitsDigital Expansion Units connect via fiber to many Digital Remote UnitsUses all-digital RF-to-optical transport

20


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2


Equipment Options & Design Issues


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

40


Equipment Options

Branching Cable NetworkSignal Conversion for Distribution via:

Fiber Optic CableCheap, Flexible CoaxTwisted PairPre-Installed LAN Wiring

21


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

41


Branching Cable Network

Microcell Drives Backbone DirectlyLPA and LNA Boost Power Through Backbone Coax CableInstallation Cheap in Many CasesNo Remote Power RequiredCable Runs Limited to 500 Feet


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

42


Branching Cable Network Architecture

22


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

43


Discrete Antennas vs. Leaky Coax

Uniformity of RF PowerInstallation CostPower Leakage to the OutsideVisual Impact

Discrete Antennas Leaky Coax


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

44


Discrete Antennas

Each Cable Run Ends in One AntennaCreates Hot SpotsTroublesome Near WindowsPhones Operate in Far FieldAdvantage: Directivity and Deployment

23


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

45


Leaky Coax

Cable Run Is the AntennaNo Hot SpotsPhones Operate in Near FieldBuilding Structure Spoils Far Field PatternSimpler, Costly InstallationInstalls Out of Sight


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

46


RF Power Uniformity & Uplink Path Loss Uniformity

DiscreteAntennas

LeakyCoax

24


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

47


BriteCell (Allen Telecom)

RF Modulates Laser SignalLight Travels Over Single- Mode FiberFiber Runs to 9800 Feet + CoaxDownlink Power: +18 dBm CompositeCostly Materials, Equipment, Installation


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

48


BriteCell Architecture

Remote

Donor

Duplex Fiber

25


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

49


Fiber Design Issues

Single vs. Multi- ModeConnector TypesBest Approach: Get Vendor to Approve Fiber


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

50


Allen Telecom CableStar

RF Downconverted to 400 MHzTravels on RG6 or RG11Runs to 3200 Feet + CoaxDownlink Power: +20 dBm CompositeNo Remote Power RequiredSomewhat Weatherproof

26


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

51


CableStar Architecture


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

52


Ericsson Picocell

All RF Stages Placed Near AntennaCoded Voice Signal Distributed Over 4- Wire LAN CableRuns to 3300 Feet + CoaxDownlink Power: +20 dBm per ChannelCheaper Equipment, Cheap Installation

27


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

53


Picocell Architecture

CRILeased T1MSC

CRI at Site: 11 Radio Heads Max

X-link

Leased T1


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

54


Picocell Architecture

CRI at MSC: 4 Radio Heads Max

MSC CRI

Leased T1

X-link

28


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

55


Other Remoting Systems

ADC Telecommucation (Duplex Fiber)LGC Wireless (Twisted Pair or Fiber)Foxcom Wireless (Duplex Fiber)CI Wireless (Duplex Fiber)Andrew Illuminator (Duplex Fiber)Many types of deployed equipment complicates:

Field technician trainingSpares inventory


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2


Link Budget & Propagation Modeling

29


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

57


Link Budget (Forward Link)

PA Output + LPA Gain- Network Losses + Network Gains+ Antenna Gains- Prop., Environment & Body Losses

Compare to Noise Floor + Receiver NFConsider most likely radio countConsider various RF distribution methods


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

58


Link Budget (Reverse Link)

Desired Phone Power- Body, Prop. & Environment Losses+ Antenna Gains- Network Losses + Network Gain+ LNA Gain + Multicoupler Gain

Compare to Noise Floor + Receiver NFInclude NF of distribution system

30


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

59


Propagation Modeling

Keenan- Motley (Seidel- Rappaport)Carter Model for Leaky CoaxMeasurement- Based ModelsRay- tracing


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

60


Keenan-Motley

Extended by Seidel- RappaportPath Loss Exponent, Wavenumber, Distance, Site-specific informationWall & Floor attenuation factorsUsed in SitePlanner®

( ) FmWnrk ⋅+⋅+⋅⋅ logαSource: Seidel and Rappaport, “914 MHz Path Loss Prediction Models for Indoor Wireless Communications in Multifloored Buildings,” IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop., Vol. 40, No. 2, Feb. 1992, pp. 207-217

31


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

61


Carter Model for Radiax

Radiax is like a uniform line source antennaPower is spread over a cylindrical surface

S D Pr Lav

T T=⋅

⋅ ⋅ ⋅2 π

L

r

Source: K. Carter, “Predicting Propagation Loss from Leaky Coaxial Cable Terminated with an Indoor Antena,” pp. 71-82, 8th Virginia Tech/MPRG Symposium Wireless Communications Proceedings, June 10-12, 1998.


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

62



Empirical constants match uniform line source with real- world leaky feeder

70.000637

44.353479

CL 1 f( )

vyj

2.4 103.30 f vxj,

0 1000 2000 300040

60

80Frequency Loss

150 52450 57900 631700 69

CE

LintSource: K. Carter, “Predicting Propagation Loss from Leaky Coaxial Cable Terminated with an Indoor Antena,” pp. 71-82, 8th Virginia Tech/MPRG Symposium Wireless Communications Proceedings, June 10-12, 1998.

32


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

63



Near Field Loss for a long horizontal run:

[ ]L L f r H V C L xL f

r C L x

nf h h h E

h

h E

, , ( , ), , ,log( ) log( )

log( ) .

int

int

=

⋅ + ⋅+ ⋅ − + + ⋅10 20

10 43037Source: K. Carter, “Predicting Propagation Loss from Leaky Coaxial Cable Terminated with an Indoor Antena,” pp. 71-82, 8th Virginia Tech/MPRG Symposium Wireless Communications Proceedings, June 10-12, 1998.


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

64


Indoor RF Losses

WallsFloorsPeopleFurnitureLarge Metal Objects

33


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

65


Environment Testing

Take measurements of test transmitter signalsCalculate best- fit losses and path loss exponentsBest results obtained with multiple transmittersDesire spatial decorrelation from transmittersTransmitter vendors include BVS, AndrewReceiver vendors include Anritsu, BVS, ZK Celltest, DTI, and EricssonMeasurement software and optimization software for all vendors are produced by Wireless Valley


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2


Traffic Engineering

34


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

67


Traffic Engineering

50- 75 mEr/User in officesVaries by business typeUse Erlang B, then over- provisionTrunking efficiency declines with PicocellIndoor handoffs complicate mattersTraffic is very site- specific and event- specificRequires site- specific capacity modeling


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2


Practical Deployment Issues

35


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

69


Preparing for Design

Building SurveyLocate Base Station EquipmentPrepare Building Model


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

70


Design Steps

Choose Antenna System EquipmentTake a Best Guess at Initial DesignRun Propagation CalculationsImprove Design CoverageLook for a Cheaper WayProduce Documentation

36


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

71


Survey

Obtain Letter- Size Floorplan NTSFire Exit MapBrochure From Info Booth

Obtain E Size Scaled Floorplan or CAD FileScout Equipment LocationTake Digital Photos


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

72


Survey

Identify Wall ConstructionLocate Sensitive AreasNote Desired or Undesired Coverage AreasLocate Fire WallsLocate Stacked RoomsDetermine Ceiling Heights and Types

37


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

73


Survey Photos

Note Photo Number on FloorplanInclude the CeilingShoot Wide for Many DetailsShoot Close & Wide of Possible Antenna LocationsSecurity May Follow YouSmile at Them


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

74


Take Pictures of:

All Candidate Antenna LocationsSkylight Structures & Skylight BoxesUnusual Structures, Large Metal Objects

38


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

75


Take Pictures of:

Windows, Entrances, Back HallwaysCorridors, Equipment RoomsAreas Where Crowds Gather


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

76


Building Structure Types

Brick or Poured Concrete Supporting WallsPrisons, Historic Buildings, COs

39


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

77



Concrete Block Walls, Steel SkeletonSchools, MallsSupermarketsDept. StoresHome Depot


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

78



Poured Concrete CellsCondosSmall HotelsApartments

40


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

79



Curtain Wall, Reinforced Concrete CoreGlass Office Buildings


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

80



Wood FrameSmall Apartment BuildingsSingle Family Homes

41


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

81


Airport Terminal

Vast Areas to CoverTremendous Cable Run LengthsHuge Capacity NeedsSensitive Area: Customs

Consider Fiber DistributionLarge Metal Objects: Escalators, Baggage Carousels


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

82


Arena, Convention Center

One Huge Open SpaceOffices and CorridorsConsider Distributed Antenna System passive or activeTraffic Engineering Nightmare

42


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

83


Shopping Mall

Minimum Visual ImpactGlass Store Fronts Pass RFCovering Anchor Stores DifficultNeed Skylight PlanCapacity Demands are High


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

84


Office Tower

Glass Curtain Wall ConstructionElevators & Bathrooms in CoreLow transmit Power on Upper FloorsRadiax Above Hung CeilingHot RF from Roof Antennas?

43


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

85


Factory

Open Space Plus OfficesMany Noise SourcesSensitive Areas: Clean Rooms, R&D LabsCover the Break Rooms& Smoking Areas


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

86


Airplane Hangar, Kmart

Open Space with Large Metal ObjectsRepeater with One AntennaPossibly Picocell with Built- in AntennaMay Require Testing After Installation

44


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

87


Guidelines

Cable Fire RatingsPuncturing Fire WallsLeaky Coax TypesLeaky Coax InstallationIndoor AntennasMounting AntennasDocumentation


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

88


Cable Fire Ratings

Refers to the jacketing & dielectric materialsPlenum - CATVPRiser – CATVR

Suitable Coax: Andrew RXP

45


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

89


Leaky Feeder Types

dB TransFill Andrew RadiaxAir vs. Foam CorePractical Size for Indoor: 1/2”


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

90


Installing Leaky Feeder

Mount With Standoff >= 2”Avoid Mounting Along Continuous MetalAvoid Installing Directly Above Light Fixtures or DuctsTrack Inventory and Installation Cost in SitePlanner

46


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

91


Indoor Antennas

Indoor Antennas vs. Outdoor AntennasEMS OmniAllgonDB DiamondMany Others


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

92


Antenna Mounting

Below Hung CeilingOn WallHide the PortNo Metal/Concrete in Near FieldDirectionals in the Skylight Structure

47


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

93


Documenting Your Design

PlansLegendDetail DrawingsBackbone DiagramBill of MaterialsPhoto SimsFiles Stored Safely

884M AMP DuplexerTxRx

TxRx

36' 7/8" feeder 330' RXP4-2

34' 7

/8" f

eede

r13

' 1/2

" fee

der

13' 1

/2" f

eede

r

54' 7/8" feeder 323' RXP4-2

80' 7/8" feeder 330' RXP4-2

158' RXP4-2

125' RXP4-2

30' 1

/2"

fee d

er

4th Floor

3rd Floor

2ndFloor

1st Floor

Parking Level

50-ohmtermination

50-ohmtermination

2nd Floor

Antenna End Detail

falseceiling

3 ft.6 to 10 ft.

antenna

floor

10 ft. or 10'9"12 ft.

SitePlanner® does all of this!


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

94


Quick and Easy Data Collection

Collectedmeasurement

data points

Collectedmeasurement

data points

Now with a Palm IIIc using InFielder® PDA

48


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

95


Design Methods

Cut and Try – old method Educated Guess – old method Keenan- Motley w/spreadsheet – currentBetter Models - SitePlanner®

Better Calculators - SitePlanner®

Graphical Environment – SitePlanner®

Automatic archiving - SitePlanner®

Asset Management – SitePlanner®


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2


Design Tools

49


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2


How can we talk the same language?


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

98


Millions of Buildings … So Little Time

How can we quickly design systems?How can we compare technologies?How can we save and communicate designs?How will integrators become designers?How will vendors verify design guidelines?How will building owners track hardware?How will we manage and maintain the in- building infrastructure?

50


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

99


Spreadsheet Tools

Difficult to UseNo Design GraphicsFew Antenna PatternsQuestionable SupportNo Design StorageDifficult to Interpret, except for Engineers


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

100


Design/Planning History: Macrocell Design

Original use of planning tools was for outdoor cellular networks - RF design and planningPlanning decisions and tower placements could be simulated and analyzed prior to deploymentDesign strategies and techniques improvedCell tower placement became more efficientLacked asset management or document supportDifficult to track installed tower infrastructure

51


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

101


VA Tech MPRG Research

Early in- building propagation workDecade of measurement experienceDecade of modeling and optimization experienceDecade of Industry suggestions and practical adviceSitePlanner is the result of over 30 years of student research


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

102


VA Tech MPRG Research (cont.)

MPRG students and staff researchers have contributed to the body of knowledge used in theSitePlanner concept:

Scott Seidel, Joe Liberti, Dwayne Hawbaker, Ken Blackard, Alan Fox, Roger Skidmore, Idine Ghoreishain, Greg Durgin, Neal Patwari, Ray Lovestead, Ben Henty, Brian Gold, Charles Lepple, Bob Boyle, Kirk Carter, Juin Siew, Wesley Rios, Manish Panjwani

52


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

103


SitePlanner® Features and Benefits

Facilitates rapid cost and performance tradeoff analysis of all technologies at low overall costSimultaneously supports site designs, surveys, verification, and documentation with 3D graphical representation and complete database recordAutomatic archiving of installed infrastructureAutomatic bill of materials created during designAsset management facilities built inCellular, PCS, 3G, WLAN, MMDS, and beyondAccurate and practical modeling of any campus wireless system


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

104


SitePlanner: Planning, Design, and Management for In-Building Telecom

Provides rapid system design of complex technologies while minimizing costs and meeting coverage and capacity needsIndoor wireless coverage is non-intuitive and complex, but SitePlanner provides huge cost/time savings and rapidly trains the userSitePlanner allows flexibility and rapid “what if” designs to meet specific needs of customers Easy visualization of proposed systemsSitePlanner provides simultaneous performance analysis, wireless equipment tracking, project documentation, and asset management!

53

The SitePlanner® Design Environment

InFielder®

ultra-portable3-D site-specific measurements

Predictor™3-D site-specific

design, prediction, asset management

BDM™

3-D site modeling and archiving environment

Optimatic®

optimize 3-D wireless designs

using field measurements


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

106


SitePlanner 2000 and Add- On Modules Work Together

InFielder® PDAultra-portable 3-D site-specific

measurement, asset management, and visualization of network performance

on the Palm IIICTM

LANFielder™3-D site-specific 802.11b

WLAN measurement

WaveSpyTM

Lightweight portable fast scanning receiver for all

digital and analog wireless standards

InFielder ® Predictor™

BDM ™Optimatic®

SiteSpy™802.11b WLAN measurement,

traffic generation

SitePlanner ®

GPS Drive-Test Option for WaveSpy

54


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

107


Typical Design Steps

Use SitePlanner to simulate RF performance of several straw- man designs in facility of interest In- situ site survey and measurements with SitePlanner, including interference, throughput or signal strength with transmitter locations from most promising straw- man designsUse SitePlanner field measurements to optimize network performance and select final layout System Installation and Site- survey/performance verification in SitePlannerSitePlanner provides Maintenance and Design Archiving for ongoing support of infrastructure


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

108


Common Uses of SitePlanner

Common software platform provides sharing of designs and “as-builts” throughout an organization or across users on a projectAllows vendors, consultants, integrators, and manufacturers to share and archive designsProvides an objective “level playing field” for all in-building design, deployment, and optimization workAllows new hires or inexperienced personnel to become rapidly proficient in the field of in-building wireless design, specification, or integrationProvides retrievable records of all aspects of an in-building project, for quality audits and maintenanceSitePlanner can be shared by engineers, facilities managers, and accounting staff from cradle-to-grave

55


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

109


Point and click with the mouse to visually position wireless system components such as cables, antennas, amplifiers, splitters, in the building!

SitePlanner® Graphical System Design

Fiber Remote

Leaky Feeder

Antenna

Components are picked from a customizable Parts List Library consisting of more than 3,000 components from over three dozen manufacturers


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

110


SitePlanner® Built-in Components Database

Parts List Library contains thousands of antennas, amplifiers, cables, splitters, and leaky feeder antennas

Quickly and easily analyze design tradeoffs in terms of cost andperformance with the click of the mouse, while creating a complete bill-of-materials and cost analysis

56


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

111


SitePlanner® Instant Point Predictions for placmentsSitePlanner® Instant Point Predictions for placments

Simply move the mouse cursor and watch in real-time as the composite system coverage is updated and displayed at thatpoint instantly!

Simply move the mouse cursor and watch in real-time as the composite system coverage is updated and displayed at thatpoint instantly!


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

112


SitePlanner ® Instant Antenna PositioningSitePlanner SitePlanner ®® Instant Antenna PositioningInstant Antenna PositioningMoving the mouse on the screencorresponds to repositioning orre-orienting a selected antenna.The new coverage area of theantenna is updated in real-time!

Moving the mouse on the screencorresponds to repositioning orre-orienting a selected antenna.The new coverage area of theantenna is updated in real-time!

New antennaposition Updated

coverageregion

57


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

113


SitePlanner® Wireless System Layout

In real time, SitePlanner allows the user to analyze performance by creating a graphical wireless system component interconnection diagram, while simultaneously creating bill of materials and complete cost analysis


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

114


SitePlanner® Graphical Partition InputSitePlanner® Graphical Partition Input

Quickly and easily create 3D building models from CAD drawing files or scanned blueprints.

Quickly and easily create 3D building models from CAD drawing files or scanned blueprints.

58


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

115


All Wireless Standards/Air Interfaces Directly Supported in SitePlanner®


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

116


Coverage Area Predictions in SitePlanner®

59


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

117


Composite Coverage in SitePlanner ®Composite Coverage in SitePlanner ®

Shopping mallstore walls

Leaky FeederAntenna System


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

118


Composite Coverage in SitePlanner®Composite Coverage in SitePlanner®


Leaky FeederAntenna Systems

Signal leakageoutside the building

60


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

119


Composite Coverage in SitePlanner®

Multiple, Distributed

Antenna Systems

Microcell

(outside building)


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

120


SitePlannerTM also models Macrocells!

61


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

121


0.33 km-50 dBm

-70 dBm

-90 dBm

RSSI

M1

M2

M3

U1

U2

U3

U4

U5

U6

SitePlanner® Macrocell Modeling of Chicago


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

122


45 dB

30 dB

15 dB

40m

C/I

SitePlanner® models inside the building (point omni-antenna) using Macrocell system parameters

62


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

123


45 dB

30 dB

15 dB

40m

C/I

SitePlanner® models inside the building (distributed antenna) using Macrocell system parameters


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

124


Automatic Bill of Materials

SitePlanner® Automaticallytracks full bill of materials for your design

Automatically tracks both physical and installation cost for all components

Enables least- cost design

63


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

125


Measurement Data Collection InFielder®

and InFielder® PDA

Collected

measurement

data points

Plug-and-Play operation with:

Our WaveSpy AgilentZK Celltest IEEE 802.11BVS TektronixProtek GraysonAnritsu SafcoTEMS Light DTI


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

126


Optimization using Optimatic

64


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

127


Case Study: Cellular/PCS Design in Shopping Mall

~2 million sq. ft. shopping centerDesign phase took less than a day by a single system engineer, compared to usual time of 2 – 3 weeks without SitePlannerTechnology:

IS-136 picocellPopular Fiber-based active distribution systemMixture of directional and omnidirectional antennas, and radiating cableUse of radiating cable intensifies need for accurate, upfront design


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

128


Case Study: Floor Plan of Mall

65


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

129


Cellular/PCS Design

SitePlanner allowed instant selection of pre-approved distribution components, both passive and activeSitePlanner simultaneously computed coverage, capacity, installation cost, equipment cost, and created a complete bill of materials and graphical documents of proposed designThe completed design was stored, transported, displayed, and used throughout the enterprise to provide a complete record of the installed project


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

130


Case Study: 3D Shopping Mall Model

12 minutes to create from scanned floorplan

66


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

131



Leaky FeederAntenna System

Required < 2 minutes on a Pentium II 300 MHz PC


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

132


Shopping Mall Case Study: Conclusions

Customer saved several weeks of time on overall design and deployment

Verification confirmed an accuracy within 5 dB standard deviation (predicted vs. measured)Rapid predictions enabled numerous design tradeoffs to be analyzed within hours

Greater RF designer satisfactionDesigner can “see” performance

Greater building owner satisfactionBuilding owner can “see” performance

Automatic archival of design critical

67


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

133


Wireless LAN Planning: LANFielder™and SiteSpy™

Measurement results that youcan understand without being an RF Engineer

Provides wireless data network measurement using client/server technique


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

134


Case Study: WLAN Design

100,000 sq. ft., multi- story academic building on the University of Virginia Tech campusTechnology:

IEEE 802.11b, 2.4 GHz DS-SS Wireless LAN11 Mbps Cabletron RoamAbout access points and modems (Lucent/ORiNOCO OEM)

68


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

135


WLAN Design: 3D Model

10 minutes from CAD file to SitePlanner model


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

136


Predicted signal strength for 3 Wireless LAN Access Points

WLAN Design: Predicted Performance

<60 seconds on PII 300

69


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

137


Visualizing WLAN Measurements

Required < 1 minute on a Pentium II 300 MHz PC


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

138


Conclusions: WLAN Design

Rapid predictions enabled analysis of 3 completely different system configurations 3D modeling enabled designer to leverage cross-floor coverage of signalEnabled accurate outdoor coverage estimatesVerification measurements validated predictions to within 3 feetComplete design (12 access points) required only an hour and was performed interactively

70


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

139


Conclusions: WLAN Design

Significant time savings on overall design and deployment

Verification confirmed an accuracy within 5 dB standard deviation (predicted vs. measured)Rapid predictions enabled numerous design tradeoffs to be analyzed

Greater RF designer satisfactionDesigner can “see” performance

Greater building owner satisfactionBuilding owner can “see” performance

Automatic design archiving and asset management is a key benefit of SitePlanner!


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

140


Conclusion

In- building/campus systems proliferating rapidly Engineering work load increasing rapidly Technology cost comparisons vital for deployment efficiencies Visual and textual records required for common procedures and shared strategies, archiving SitePlanner® facilitates cost and time savings for rapid deployment and ongoing maintenance for any in- building or campus system

71


TechVirginia

1 8 7 2

141


Final Remarks

In- building wireless is next growth phaseMany distribution methods to choose fromMany design issues to confrontRF Planning tools ease wireless system design

intelligent design tradeoffscompetitive system analysis and comparisons

SitePlanner is based on over a decade of Virginia Tech research, and offers a revolutionary design environment that supports in- building wirelessSitePlanner provides real cost and time savings for rapid deployment and ongoing maintenance Indoor design demonstrations

In-building Wireless Tutorial - Spread Spectrum Scene Online: An

Documents