In-band Network Telemetry (INT) · INT Header: Potential Locations Outer Eth, IP, UDP Headers Geneve Header Option Class, Type, Length INT Metadata Headers and Metadata Inner Payload

In-bandNetworkTelemetry(INT)

Mukesh Hira,VMwareNagaKatta,PrincetonUniversity

VirtualL2andL3topologies,Firewalls,Load-balancers,…

Policies,Service-chaining

End-points

Container

Spine

Leaf

PhysicalTransport

DatacenterNetworkTopologies

Currentmonitoringmethodsareinadequate

§ Notfastenough§ InvolveCPUandcontrolplanes§ Networkstatechangesrapidly

§ Donotprovideend-to-endstate§ Difficulttocorrelateper-elementstatewiththeactualpathofaflow

INT:In-bandNetworkTelemetry

§ Mechanismforcollectingnetworkstateinthedataplane§ Asclosetorealtime aspossible§ Atcurrentandfuturelinerates§ Withaframeworkthatcanadapt overtime

§ Examplesofnetworkstate§ SwitchID,IngressPortID,EgressPortID§ EgressLinkUtilization§ HopLatency§ EgressQueueOccupancy§ EgressQueueCongestionStatus§ ….

INTExample

vSwitch vSwitch

Payload

L1,P1,P2,Eg-Util

Encap

INTinstructions PortP1SWL1

PortP2

PortP1SWS2

PortP2 PortP1

SWL2

PortP2 S2,P1,P2,Eg-Util

L2,P1,P2,Eg-Util

SwitchID

IngressPortID

EgressPortID

EgressLinkUtilizationPayload

Payload

Encap

INTinstructions

Encap

INTinstructions

L1,P1,P2,Eg-Util

Payload

Encap

INTinstructions

S2,P1,P2,Eg-Util

L1,P1,P2,Eg-Util

Payload

Payload

INTHeaderFormat

Ver Flags InstructionCount MaxHopCount TotalHopCount

InstructionBitmap ReservedMostRecentINTMetadata

00

1

INTMetadata..

FirstINTMetadata

MetadataHeader

Metadata

4Bytes

INTHeader:PotentialLocations

OuterEth,IP,UDPHeaders

Geneve Header

OptionClass,Type,Length

INTMetadataHeadersandMetadata

InnerPayload

Variable-lengthGENEVEoptions

GENEVE

OuterEth,IP,UDPHeaders

VXLANHeaderNext_Protocol =INT

VXLANGPEHeader

INTMetadataHeadersandMetadata

InnerPayload

INTasVXLANNext-Protocol

VXLAN-GPE

INTmetadatamayalsobecarriedas• NetworkServiceHeaderMetadata• TCPoptions/payload• UDPpayload

INTusingP4

§ P4enablesflexiblepacketparsingandmodificationforINT

§ P4allowsINTtoadaptto§ AnyEncapsulationformat§ AnyStaterequiredtobecollected§ Anyfeature,protocol– currentandfuture

INT:P4CodeSnippet

header_type int_header_t {fields{ver :2;flags:9;ins_cnt :5;max_hop_cnt :8;total_hop_cnt :8;instruction_mask :16;

}}

header_type vxlan_gpe_int_header_t{fields{int_type :8;rsvd :8;len :8;next_proto :8;

}}

header_type vxlan_gpe_t{fields{flags:8;reserved:16;next_proto :8;vni :24;reserved2:8;

}}

HeaderDefinitions

ParserDefinitions parserparse_gpe_int_header {

extract(vxlan_gpe_int_header);set_metadata(int_metadata.gpe_int_hdr_len,

latest.len);returnparse_int_header;

}

parserparse_int_header {extract(int_header);….

}

INT:P4CodeSnippetExact-matchTableDefinition

ActionDefinitions

tableint_inst {reads{int_header.instruction_mask :exact;

}actions{int_set_header_i0;int_set_header_i1;int_set_header_i2;int_set_header_i3;…..

}

actionint_set_header_i0(){}actionint_set_header_i1(){int_set_header_3();

}actionint_set_header_i2(){int_set_header_2();

}actionint_set_header_i3(){int_set_header_3();int_set_header_2();

}…..

INTApplicationReal-timemonitoringandtroubleshooting

OverlayNetworkMonitoringtoday

Real-timeNetworkMonitoring

20% 80%

40% 20%

22% 85%

45% 26%

25% 90%

50% 24%

35% 82%

48% 28%

30% 75%

42% 30%

Next:Pickaflowonthesourcelogicalportandviewthepathittakesandexactnetworkstateitexperiences

Leaf1 Leaf2

Spine1

Spine2

Real-timetroubleshootingdemo

INTApplicationHop-by-HopUtilization-AwareLoad-balancingArchitecture

HULA:INT+Flowlet routing

1. PeriodicINTprobes§ disseminatepathutilizationtoswitches

2. Flowlet detectionandpathselection§ happensatall switches§ hop-by-hopadaptive routing

INTprobestraversemultiplepaths

ToR

Aggregate

Spines

Probeoriginates

Probereplicates

Probescarrypathutilization

S1

S2

S3

S4

ToR 10

ToR ID=10Max_util =50%

ToR 1Probe



Probesupdateswitchstate

S1

S2

S3

S4

ToR 10

Dst Besthop Pathutil

ToR 10 S4 50%

ToR 1 S2 10%

… …

ToR 1

PathUtil table

Probe


Switchesloadbalanceflowlets

S1

S2

S3

S4

ToR 10

Dst Besthop Pathutil

ToR 10 S4 50%

ToR 1 S2 10%

… …

Dst Flowlet # Next hop

Tor_10 1 S4

… …

… …

ToR 1

Flowlet table

PathUtil table

Data

Simulation:TopologyAsymmetry

8serversperleaf

40Gbps

40Gbps

10Gbps

LinkFailure

HULAVs.ECMP

HULA- Advantages

• Topologyoblivious• Adaptive tonetworkdynamics• Scalable tolargetopologies• Noseparatesourceroutingrequired• Programmable inP4!

§ Processingprobes§ Flowlet routing

Summary

§ INTprovidesreal-timenetworkstatedirectlyinthedataplane§ Scalestoarbitrarilylargenetworks§ Scalestocurrentandfuturelinkspeeds§ Canadapttoanynetwork,anyencap,anyapplication

§ Knowledgeofreal-timenetworkstateopensupnewpossibilities§ Enhancedmonitoringandtroubleshooting§ Network-stateawarerouting§ …

Moreinformation

http://p4.org/p4/inband-network-telemetry/Blogpostwithlinksto

§ INTdemovideo§ INTspecification§ P4sourcecoderepository

MoreinformationonUtilizationawareroutingwillbepostedonp4.orginthenearfuture

INTSpecification– CollaborativeEffort

http://p4.org/wp-content/uploads/fixed/INT/INT-current-spec.pdf

ThankYou

In-band Network Telemetry (INT) · INT Header: Potential Locations Outer Eth, IP, UDP Headers Geneve Header Option Class, Type, Length INT Metadata Headers and Metadata Inner Payload

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