International Conference on Character Education Yogyakarta University Nov. 9, 2011 Bernice Lerner, Ed.D.
Dec 30, 2015
International Conference on Character Education
Yogyakarta University
Nov. 9, 2011
Bernice Lerner, Ed.D.
How might we deliberately go about helping our students to
develop good habits/make wise choices/internalize virtue?
Courage• The attitude or response of facing and
dealing with anything recognized as dangerous, difficult, or painful instead of withdrawing from it
• Quality of being fearless or brave; valor
• Mind; purpose; disposition; spirit; temper
- Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language, 1966.
The emotion of fear overcomes us when we...
• fear what we should not.
• fear as we should not.
• fear when we should not.
“The [person]… who faces and who fears the right things, from the right motive, in the right way, and who feels confidence under the corresponding conditions, is brave…”
-Aristotle
The Brave Person
• Is collected beforehand, and excited in the moment of action.
• Is motivated by a sense of honour.
• Will have fears, but will face them as he or she ought.
“Courage, as a virtue… presupposes some form of selflessness, altruism,
or generosity.”
- André Comte-Sponville
Courage is...
• the precondition of all other virtues
• will at its most determined, and, in the face of danger or suffering, at its most necessary.
• resistant to intellectualism
- André Comte-Sponville
Courage Look-Alikes vs. True Courage
• The courage of the citizen-soldier who is not motivated by penalties or prizes, but by an internal sense of what is right.
• The courage of the person who faces death with knowledge of the facts, i.e., that the odds are against him/her.
• The courage of the person who does not have time to prepare a response, who responds bravely to alarms.
• The courage of the person who stands by his/her convictions, no matter the consequences.
How does one become courageous?
“… the virtues we get by first exercising them….we become brave by doing brave acts.”
- Aristotle
“The bravest thing you can do when you are not brave is to profess courage and act accordingly.”
- Corra May White Harris (1869-1935)
“If a man has any greatness in him, it comes to light,
not in one flamboyant hour, but in the ledger of
his daily work.”
- Beryl Markham, West With the Night
Robert and Magdalene Scholl
Inge, b. 1917
Hans, b. 1918
Elisabeth, b. 1920
Sophie, b. 1921
Werner, b. 1922
Hans Scholl
• Became disillusioned with The Hitler Youth
• Intellectual• Soldier• Medical student• Founder of “The
White Rose”
Alexander Schmorell (Schurik)
• In medical school to please his physician father
• Artist & musician• Cherished his
Russian ancestry (on mother’s side)
• Lost his mother in infancy
Christopher Probst
• Soldier
• Medical student
• Married, 3 children
• Came from a family of Bavarian scholars
Willi Graf
• Soldier
• Medical student
• Devout Catholic
• Joined W.R. late
• Got supplies
• Traveled to recruit support
Professor Kurt Huber
• Popular professor of philosophy
• Carefully concealed biting remarks against Hitler
• Contributed to 5th leaflet
• Drafted 6th leaflet
Jurgen Wittenstein
• Medical student
• Introduced Alex and Hans
• Survived. Now a retired doctor and professor living in Santa Barbara, CA