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Improving Performance Critical Question 3.notebook 1 February 27, 2018 Mar 197:45 AM Syllabus Critical Question 3 Mar 197:45 AM Heading: Critical Question 3: What Ethical issues are related to improving performance Heading: Use of Drugs Doping is the practice of using artificial substances or methods to enhance athletic performance. Reasons for deeming drug use as unethical: > Threat to health of performance‐enhancing drugs > Unfair advantage > Equality of opportunity of the athletes > Exemplary effect of clean sports in the public > Illegal use in the general community
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  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

    1

    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Syllabus  Critical Question 3

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Heading: Critical Question 3: What Ethical issues are related to improving 

    performanceHeading: Use of Drugs

    ꞏ Doping is the practice of using artificial substances or methods to enhance athletic performance.

    ꞏ Reasons for deeming drug use as unethical:> Threat to health of performance‐enhancing drugs> Unfair advantage> Equality of opportunity of the athletes> Exemplary effect of clean sports in the public> Illegal use in the general community

  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

    2

    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Sub: Why Performance Enhancing Drugs are usedDrugs can be used for:ꞏ Enhancing performanceꞏ Relax, cope with stressꞏ Boost confidenceꞏ Build muscle mass and strength of muscles/bonesꞏ Increase delivery of oxygen to exercising tissuesꞏ Dulling painꞏ Reduce weightꞏ Hide the use of other drugs

    Mar 197:45 AM

  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

    3

    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Questions

    1. Argue reasons why drug use SHOULD be allowed?

    2. Argue reasons why drugs use SHOULD NOT be allowed?

    3. At what level should of competition should drug testing be introduced?

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Sub: Reasons for Drug use

    Athletes choose to use drugs for a variety of reasons:ꞏ Physical dependenceꞏ Easily accessibleꞏ Pressure to win from coach, parents, mediaꞏ Financial reward, sponsorship deals, incomeꞏ Fear of failureꞏ Unrealistic qualifying standards or performance expectations

    ben_johnson__the_race_that_shocked_the_world__on_nuffinlong_tv.webloc

    http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/3790603.htm

    http://www.disclose.tv/action/viewvideo/201971/ben_johnson__the_race_that_shocked_the_world__on_nuffinlong_tv/http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/3790603.htm

  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

    4

    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Sub: Dangers of Performance Enhancing Drugs The risks involved in the use of performanceenhancing drugs far outweigh any perceived benefits to the athlete.

     The physical effects of performanceenhancing drugs include:ꞏ cancer ꞏ liver and kidney tumoursꞏ viral infectionsꞏ heart problems ꞏ high cholesterol ꞏ sexual dysfunction ꞏ high blood pressure

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Cont... Performanceenhancing drugs (particularly anabolic steroids ) are linked with many psychological and emotional health problems that can include:ꞏ depression ꞏ anxiety ꞏ aggression ꞏ rage ꞏ violence.

    Socially, athletes who test positive lose their reputations and destroy both sponsorship and financial opportunities (income), and ultimately even their careers.

  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

    5

    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Article: Lance Armstrong loses $200 

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Heading: Drug use for Strengthꞏ The two most common strength drugs are Anabolic 

    Steroids and Human Growth Hormone (HGH)ꞏ Usually associated with sports requiring strength and 

    power such as weightlifting, bodybuilding and sprinting.ꞏ HGH used to build lean muscle mass, decrease body fat 

    and accelerate recovery. ꞏ Steroids used to increase weight, strength, power and 

    increase testosterone levels

  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

    6

    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Sub: Side effectsSide effects and harms include:ꞏ HGH

    > Overgrowth of face, hands and feet (Gigantism)

    > Diabetes> Heart disease> Osteoporosis and arthritis> Impotence

    ꞏ Steroids

    "Paste in image" 

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Sub: Peptide Hormones Until recently, peptide hormones were undetectable, and had not been included in the World Anti Doping Agency (WADA) list of banned substances. 

    Peptides work by stimulating protein synthesis within the body, promoting muscle growth and recovery. 

  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

    7

    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Heading: Drug use of Aerobic PerformanceThe two most common methods to improve Aerobic performance are Erythropoietin (EPO) and Blood Doping. 

     Erythropoietin (EPO ) is a protein hormone produced in the kidneys, which is responsible for the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes) within the bone marrow, where it is released into the bloodstreamꞏ Leads to an increased absorption of oxygenꞏ Leads to improved aerobic capacity and intensityꞏ Used by competitors in triathlons, marathons and distance 

    cycling

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Cont..

     The sideeffects of EPO include:•  severe headaches•  nausea•  high fevers•  fits•  anxiety•  heart attacks and strokes due to the fact that the blood becomes too thick to be pumped by the heart around the body.

  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

    8

    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Cont.. The original form of blood dopinginvolved athletes removing some of their ownblood, before injecting it back into the bloodstream justbefore competition. 

    Known as a ‘blood transfusion’,the increased amount of red blood cells and theoxygencarrying capacity to the working muscleshelps to increase aerobic performance.

    Due to the increased risk of disease andinfection associated with blood transfusions,and the lengthy process of their administration,EPO has become the blood doping drug of choice

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Heading: Drug use to make other Drugs Diuretics and alcohol are both examples of drugs that can be used to mask other drugs. These types of drugs work by diluting urine or increasing excretion of the drug.

    ꞏ Diuretics> Rapid weight loss> Stimulates urination> Can clear evidence of other drug use in the body> Can cause dehydration, dizziness, headache, loss of 

    coordination and even heart and kidney failure> Used in racing, boxing and weightlifting

  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

    9

    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Cont...ꞏ Alcohol 

    > is prohibited during competition only. > It slows down bodily functions and is contained in 

    many cough syrups .> Some athletes have been known to take cough elixirs to 

    mask drug abuse.> Causes poor concentration, altered coordination, 

    dehydration, aggression. 

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Heading: Benefits and Limitations of Drug Testing The government agency responsible for sample collection  is the Australian Sports AntiDoping Authority (ASADA). The standard and procedures of sample collection must comply with the standards and regulations set down by the World AntiDoping Code (WADA).

     Testing may be conducted both in competition or outside of it, and may be performed at the competition venue, training venue or at home with no prior notice required.

     Testing can involve the collection of blood, urine or both. 

  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

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    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Sub: Benefits of Drug testing

    ꞏ Protects the rights of the athletes to compete in a fair competition

    ꞏ Reward for natural ability and training outcomesꞏ Random testing is a deterrent for othersꞏ Allows athletes to prove they are cleanꞏ Ensures equal opportunity for all athletesꞏ Protects athletes from harmful side effectsꞏ Strict sanctions against athletes found to be cheating

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Sub: Limitations of Drug testing

    ꞏ List of banned drugs changes every year.  Athletes need to keep up‐to‐date

    ꞏ Confronting and invasive method of collecting a urine sampleꞏ Testing is costlyꞏ New drugs will not be detectedꞏ New testing methods always need to be developed and will 

    only happen once the drug has been used for a period of time.

  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

    11

    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Penalties 

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Questions:

    1. Which drugs should be tested for?

    2. What should the consequences be for drug use?

    3. Should athletes be allowed to used drugs to recover from injuries?

  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

    12

    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Heading: Use of Technology

     The information and technology age has broughtwith it a substantial increase in the number andvariety of new and innovative technologicaladvancements aimed at assisting both coachesand athletes to gain a greater understanding of thehuman body and to improve athletic performance.

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Sub: Training Innovations Sports technology assists the coach to become more aware of the athlete’s physiological responses to training:ꞏ testing procedures—wind tunnels, sprint gates, climatic 

    chambersꞏ simulated competition environments—stationary cycling 

    with computerised video simulation of competition terrain or altitude tents

    ꞏ team and individual performance analysis sheets for objective data

    ꞏ equipment—heart rate monitors, GPS systems, treadmills, tacklesuits and lactate testing devices

    ꞏ computerised video analysis and photographic equipment for biomechanical analysis.

    Technology in Sport  Is it Cheating?

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZJSMxsjimQ

  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

    13

    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Advances in training protocols

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Sub: Lactate Threshold Testing 

     Lactate threshold testing is designed to determine the maximum steady state intensity an athlete is able to maintain without the accumulation of lactic acid in the blood.

     Blood samples are recorded periodically during the staged progressive test, which rises in intensity until the lactate threshold is achieved.  Portable lactate analysers can also be used (Not as accurate).

  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

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    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Sub: Biomechanics AnalysisBiomechanists are able to measure movement and, in collaboration with the coach,assist in the design of programs to help correct any technical flaws, minimise the risk of injury and help the athlete to move in a more efficient and energyconserving manner in order to improve performance.

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Sub: Equipment Advances Modern advances in science and technology  have enabled athletes to improve their performance and make sport safer for all participants.

    Speedo LZR Pulse swimsuitꞏ Made from elastane and nylonꞏ Water repellent coating prevent water 

    absorptionꞏ Compression provides core stability 

    and muscular supportꞏ Seams designed to reduce dragꞏ Increased speedꞏ Reduces fatigueꞏ 2008 Olympics 23 out of 25 records 

    broken wearing suitꞏ Banned in 2009 by FINA

  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

    15

    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Cont..Golf Ballsꞏ Subject to standards and regulations regarding diameter and weight

    ꞏ Manufacturers vary materials, patterns and combinations on surface of the ball.

    ꞏ Why does a golf ball have dimples?> Reduces drag> Increases distance> Computer simulation used.

    Science of Golf: Why Golf Balls Have Dimples

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Computer ActivityComplete the following table on Technological Advancements in sport

    Sport Technology Enhancement Benefit

    Tennis Carbon Fibre RacquetsLighter and produce more power

    Rowing Adistar Rowing Shoes

    Increased traction

    Assists transfer of power

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkaLsVOrBk0

  • Improving Performance  Critical Question 3.notebook

    16

    February 27, 2018

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Questions

    1. Discuss a scenario win which 3D simulations or video analysis would results in improved performance?

    2. Has access to technology created unfair competition?

    Mar 197:45 AM

    Improving Performance Option Complete!

  • Attachments

    watch.webloc

    ben_johnson__the_race_that_shocked_the_world__on_nuffinlong_tv.webloc

    [InternetShortcut]URL=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-67ImpqAaUA

    SMART Notebook

    [InternetShortcut]URL=http://www.disclose.tv/action/viewvideo/201971/ben_johnson__the_race_that_shocked_the_world__on_nuffinlong_tv/

    SMART Notebook

    Page 1Page 2Page 3Page 4Page 5Page 6Page 7Page 8Page 9Page 10Page 11Page 12Page 13Page 14Page 15Page 16Attachments Page 1