Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by site-speci c N fi management. A review* 作作: Shaobing Peng , Roland J. Buresh , Jianliang Huang , Xuhua Zhong , Yingbin Zou , Jianchang Yang ,Guanghuo Wang , Yuanying Liu , Ruifa Hu , Qiyuan Tang , Kehui Cui , Fusuo Zhang , Achim Dobermann 作作: Agron. Sustain. Dev. 30 (2010) 649– 656
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Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by site-specific N management. A review* 作者: Shaobing Peng, Roland J. Buresh, Jianliang Huang, Xuhua Zhong, Yingbin.
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Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by site-specific N management.
A review*作者: Shaobing Peng , Roland J. Buresh , Jianliang Huang , Xuhua Zhong , Yingbin Zou , Jianchang Yang ,Guanghuo Wang , Yuanying Liu , Ruifa Hu , Qiyuan Tang , Kehui Cui , Fusuo Zhang , Achim Dobermann出處: Agron. Sustain. Dev. 30 (2010) 649–656
報告人:陳筱鈞、莊豐鳴、陳伊蓉、吳昌烜
Outline
• Introduction - Nitrogen use efficiency - SSNM
Introduction
• Increase in fertilizer nutrient input, especially N fertilizer, has contributed significantly to the improvement of crop yields in the world .
• Over-application of N fertilizer may actually decrease grain yield by increasing susceptibility to lodging and damage from pests and diseases .
Introduction
• China is currently the world’s largest consumer of N fertilizer.
• In 2006, annual N fertilizer consumption in China was 31 million metric tons or 31.7% of the global N consumption.
• China’s national average N rate for rice was 193 kg ha− 1 in 2006, about 90% higher than the world average .
N-omission plots
• Fertilizer N use efficiency can be measured in different ways using N-omission plots.
1.Full fertilization:NPK applied2.N omission(–N):No N applied, PK applied3.P omission(– P):No P applied, NK applied4.K omission(– K):No K applied, NP applied
- an N omission plot illustrates the deficit between the crop demand for N and indigenous supply of N, which must be met by fertilizers.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency
1. Total N rate.2. Agronomic N use efficiency.3. Recovery efficiency of fertilizer N.4. Yield response to N application.5. Partial factor productivity of apply N (PFP).
Nitrogen Use Efficiency(1)
• Total N rate : - 單位面積的所施的氮肥量,單位 kg ha-1。
• Yield response to N application (N response): - It is calculated as the difference between yields with and without N fertilizer.
N response = YT - Y0 in kg ha-1
Nitrogen Use Efficiency(2)
• Agronomic N use efficiency : - The yield increase that results from N application in comparison with no N application . AEN = (YT - Y0 ) / FN = ΔY/ΔN in kg kg-1
= N response / total N rate
Nitrogen Use Efficiency(3)
• Recovery efficiency of fertilizer N : - which is used to express the percentage of fertilizer N recovered in aboveground plant biomass at the end of the cropping season.
REN = ( UT - U0 ) / FN = ΔU/ΔN in kg kg-1
Nitrogen Use Efficiency(4)
• Partial factor productivity of apply N (PFP) : - the ratio of grain yield to N applied and it provides an integrative index that quantifies total economic output relative to utilization of all N resources in the system, including indigenous soil N and fertilizer N . PFPN = YT / FN in kg kg-1
=Grain yield / total N rate
1. Zhu (1985) reported that recovery efficiency in China was less than 30% for ammonium bicarbonate and 30–40% for urea.
2. In China, agronomic N use efficiency was 15–20 kg kg− 1 N from 1958 to 1963 and declined to only 9.1 kg kg− 1 N between 1981 and 1983 (Lin, 1991).
3. Peng et al.(2006) reported that rice yield increases by only 5 to 10 kg for every kg of N fertilizer input by using farmers’ N fertilizer practice in China.
SSNM
• Site-specific N management : SSNM was developed to increase fertilizer N
use efficiency of irrigated rice. In SSNM, N application is based on the crop demand for N.
- N-omission plots - chlorophyll meter (SPAD) 、 leaf color chart
Leaf N status• During the growing season, leaf N status
measured with a chlorophyll meter (SPAD) or leaf color chart is a good indicator of crop N demand .
transplanting, midtillering, panicle initiation and heading
The N rate
• The pre-determined N rate is 30 kg ha− 1 at midtillering and 40 kg ha− 1 at panicle initiation.
• The actual rates of N topdressing at midtillering and panicle initiation are adjusted by ± 10 kg N ha− 1 according to leaf N status measured with a SPAD or leaf color chart.
The four steps about SSNM…
1. Set an attainable yield target based on 85% of yield Potential.
2. Estimate indigenous N supply – yield without N fertilizer.
3. Estimate N response – the difference between target yield and yield without N fertilizer.
4. Estimate N rate based on N response and agronomic N use efficiency.
Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by site-specific N management.
A review
3. IRRI-CHINA COLLABORATION ON SSNMRESEARCH
Speaker:莊豐鳴
Journal: Agronomy for Sustainable Development 30 (2010) 649–656Author: Shaobing Peng et al.
SSNM in IRRI
SSNM experiment design
• IRRI and China cooperation since 1997• Data sources: -on-farm field trails in 5 provinces -on-farm demonstration in 6 provinces (J.G. Richardson, 2003)
-farmer’s participatory research in 5 provinces (Rice knowledge bank, IRRI )
Data analysis• Pooled the data from 2001 to 2007 in 6
provinces (544 observations)• Compare SSNM with other N treatments• Analytic parameters: -yield -N response -Agronomic N use efficiency -Partial factor productivity of applied N(PFP)
Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by site-specific N management.
4. Key research findings
Speaker:陳伊蓉
Table 1
a. 107 farmers form six provinces in China between 2003 and 2007
b. average grain yield of zero-N control was 5.69 t ha-1 across the 107 farmers
SSNM
Grain yield
N rate
N response
Agronomic N use efficiency
PFP
a. 25 on-farm field experiments conducted in five provinces in China between 2001 and 2007
b. average grain yield of zero-N control was 5.69 t ha-1 across the 25 experiments
Table 2
SSNM
Grain yield
N rate
N response
Agronomic N use efficiency
PFP
Grain yield and N rate of site-specific N management and other N treatments
site-specific N management other N treatments
Six provinces in China form 2001-2007
Relationship between grain yield with and without N fertilizer
y = 2.16 + 0.886x (r = 0.70; n = 544)
Six provinces in China form 2001-2007
5.77
7.2
Relationship between yield response to N application and N rate
• Six provinces in China form 2001-2007
• 544 observations
• N response average 1.5 t ha-1 1.5
Relationship between yield response to N application and grain yield with N fertilizer
Six provinces in China form 2001-2007
Relationship between agronomic N use efficiency and N rate
Six provinces in China form 2001-2007
Relationship between agronomic N use efficiency and grain yield with N fertilizer
Six provinces in China form 2001-2007
5. Remarks on site-specific N management
報告學生 : 吳昌烜
Remarks on site-specific N management
1. High indigenous N supply capacity in China.– Reduce N rate during early vegetative stage
2. Total N rate is based on N response and AEN.– Experimental results– Indigenous N supply capacity
3. Adjustments of topdressing N rate by ±10 kg/ha at critical time based on leaf N status.