Improved Breeding for Persistent Development in Meat and Milk Production Dr Abdul Ghaffar Principal Scientific Officer National Agricultural Research Centre Abdul ghaffar-improved-breeding-lahore

Improved Breeding for Persistent Development in Meat and Milk

Production

Dr Abdul Ghaffar

Principal Scientific Officer

National Agricultural Research Centre

Livestock in national economy •Livestock in Pak GDP 11.9 %

•Share in agri GDP 55.4 %

•Livestock in export 8.5 %

•Dependent families > 8.5 m

•Growth rate(2012-13) 2.9(1.2 Agri)

•Provides raw material for industry

•Social security for rural poor

•Security against crop failure

•Value of milk alone exceeds combined value of wheat, rice, maize and sugarcane

Survey (Economic 2012-13)

Livestock Census (2006)

Livestock Population (Million Heads) Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goat Camel

Pakistan (2006) 29.5 27.3 26.5 53.8 0.9 Pakistan (2013) 38.3 33.7 28.8 64.9 1.0 Per cent distribution

NWFP 20 7 13 18 7 Punjab 49 65 24 37 22 Sindh 23 27 15 23 30 Balochistan 8 1 48 22 41 Livestock Census (2006)

Percent distribution of population in Pakistan

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

KPK Punjab Sindh Baloch

1986

2006

buffalo

KPK

Cattle

0

10

20

30

40

KPK Punjab Sindh Baloch

1986

2006

Goat Sheep

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

KPK Punjab Sindh Baloch

1986

2006

Herd Size Profile in Pakistan (2006)

Herd Size

Cattle Buffalo Flock Size

Sheep Goat

1-6 14.9

(50.3)

14.4

(52.7)

1-30 9.9

(37.4)

36.2

(67.3)

7-15 7.7

(26.1)

7.8

(28.6)

31-75 5.5

(20.8)

7.8

(14.5)

16-50 3.3

(11.1)

3.2

(11.7)

76-350 6.9

(26.0)

6.5

(12.1)

> 50 3.7

(12.5)

1.9

(7.0)

> 350 4.2

(15.8)

3.3

(6.1)

Total 29.6

(100)

27.3

(100)

Total 26.5

(100)

53.8

(100)

Million animals

Values in parentheses indicate %age

Number of households reporting livestock (2006)

Herd Size

Cattle Buffalo Flock Size

Sheep Goat

1-6 5.204

(84.1)

5.001

(83.4)

1-30 1.390

(88.9)

6.576

(96.7)

7-15 0.826

(13.3)

0.843

(14.1)

31-75 0.119

(7.6)

0.173

(2.5)

16-50 0.140

(2.3)

0.140

(2.3)

76-350 0.050

(3.2)

0.049

(0.7)

> 50 0.018

(0.3)

0.012

(0.2)

> 350 0.005

(0.3)

0.004

(0.1)

Total 6.188

(100)

5.996

(100)

Total 1.564

(100)

6.802

(100)

Values in parentheses indicate %age

Million Households

Production Systems

1. Rural Subsistence Small Holdings

2. Rural Market Oriented Small Holdings

3. Rural Commercial Farms

4. Peri-Urban Commercial Dairy Farms

5. Corporate dairy farms

Note: For Breed Improvement 2nd and 3rd and 5th categories are important

0

2

4

6

8

10

Cattle Buffalo

1976

1996

2006

Milk production per animal per day

Know This Before You Start breeding programme

1. It is a long term project.

2. The hardest part of setting up a dairy farm is the procurement of good-quality, high-yielding, environment-hardened animals. This is also the most important activity for an owner of a dairy farm.

3. Finding the right person to manage your dairy farm

Breeding Program

1. Define the Breeding Objective

Specification of breeding, production & marketing system.

Identification of sources of income and expense in commercial herds.

Determination of biological traits influencing income and expense.

Derivation of economic values of each trait.

2. Choosing appropriate selection criteria

3. Organizing a pedigree & performance recording scheme

4. Using recorded info to make selection decisions (EBV’s)

5. Using the selected individuals

6. Crossbreeding or straight breeding program

Breeding Objective

I. Lactation Milk Yield / Test Day Yield

II. Lactation Fat Yield

III. Type Score (Udder Composite etc)

In future:

IV. Protein Yield

IV. Productive Life / Longevity

V. Somatic Cell Score / Disease Resistance

VI. Reproductive Traits

For Buffaloes + Sahiwal + Cholistani + Red Sindhi

} Index

Trait h2 Trait h2

Stature Strength Body depth Angularity Rump angle Rump width Legs, side

.37

.26

.32

.23

.29

.24

.16

Foot angle Fore attachment Rear udder height Rear udder width Udder support Udder depth Teat placement

.10

.18

.18

.16

.15

.25

.21

The heritabilities (h2) of the Holstein Association linear type traits (HFA Sire Summaries)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Milk

Milk+Fat

Milk+Fat+Udder

Milk+Fat+Udder+Legs

Relative Progress in Milk Yield

Traits in the breeding objective

US Milk Yield Average

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Year

Yield

(kg)

Kundi Buffalos

Red Sindhi cow

Red Sindhi bull

Sahiwal cow

Rural Commercial Farms

Availability of Fodder During the Year

Seasonal availability of green fodder

0

5

10

15

20

25

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

month

Kg

/ A

nim

al

/ D

ay

Dairy Development Program

• Duration 2006 – 2011

• Budget Rs 1568.350 m

• Execution Livestock and Dairy Development Board

• Components

– Milk Collection and Marketing from Small and Landless Farmers (300 Milk cooling units in 500 villages)

– Support to Market-oriented Rural Dairy Farmers / Production of Quality Breeding Animals (1000 farmers)

– Production of Progeny-tested Bulls (Expansion of progeny testing program of Sahiwal cattle & Nili-Ravi buffaloes and initiation of program for Red Sindhi cattle and Kundhi buffaloes )

Dairy Development Program

Milk Producer Groups: 186 • Punjab 66 (Kasur 26, Noshwhra Virkan 23, M.B.Uddin 17)

• NWFP 43 (Mardan 7, Noshehra 14, D.I Khan 12, Charsada 4, Haripur 6)

• Balochistan 22 (Pashin 16, Kuchlak 6)

• Sindh 28 (T.M.Khan 5, Tando Allahyar 10, Badin 10,Thatta 3)

• Northern Areas 12 (Gilgit 7, Sakardu 1, Astor 1, Ghanche 1, Ghizer 1, Hunza 1)

• Azad Kashmir 15 (Bhimber 7, Kotli 7, Mirpur 1)

Dairy Development Program

Milk Cooling Tank Installed: 134 Punjab 57 (Kasur 23, N.Virkan 17, M.B.Din 17)

NWFP 23 (Nowshehra 10, D I Khan 7, Mardan 5, Charsada 1)

NA 11 (Gilgit 6, Hunza 1, Astore 1,Ghizer 1, Ganche 1, Sakardu 1)

Sindh 21 (T.M. Khan 5, T Allahyar 6, Badin 3, Badin 7)

Azad Kashmir 11 (Kotli 5, Bhimber, 5 Mirpur 1)

Balochistan 11 (Kuchlak 4, Pashin 7)

Dairy Development Program

VLW MCTO Punjab 42 67 Sindh 21 14 NWFP 32 30 Balochistan 8 8 AJK 16 13 NA 9 16

Fig. 3. Comparison of milk income and feed cost of Lahore registered farmers

0500

100015002000250030003500400045005000550060006500700075008000850090009500

10000105001100011500120001250013000135001400014500150001550016000

Jun-

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03

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03

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03

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04

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04

Months

Va

lue

s in

US

$

Feed (US$) Milk Income (US$)

Kundi calves at Rohri farm, Sindh

Factors affecting meat production • Growth potential of the animals

• Nutritional inputs

• Feed conversion efficiency

• Carcass yield

• Survivability

• Economic viability

Quality Beef Production

• Maximum weight gain

• Obtain high proportion of muscles

having desirable eating characteristics

• Cut based marketing

Vertical approach for breeding

Proper record keeping

Selection and Culling

Reproduction Management

Fodder Production and Conservation

Use of multicut fodder varieties

Silage

Strategies for Improvement in

Strategies for persistent development

in milk and meat production

Livestock Sector

• Improved infrastructure of milk and meat marketing

Encourage private sector to develop markets

Regulatory Coverage on illegal trading

Awareness for modernization

Sale of live animals on hooves

Strategies cont

33

Thank

You