Importance of Adequate and Balanced Nutrition Dr. Biplab K. Nandi Former Senior Food and Nutrition Officer Food and Agriculture Organization of the United.

Importance of Importance of Adequate and Adequate and Balanced NutritionBalanced NutritionDr. Biplab K. NandiDr. Biplab K. NandiFormer Senior Food and Nutrition OfficerFormer Senior Food and Nutrition OfficerFood and Agriculture Organization of theFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations;United Nations;

President, Society for Nutrition, Education and President, Society for Nutrition, Education and Health Advancement, Kolkata (SNEHA), IndiaHealth Advancement, Kolkata (SNEHA), India

ILSI-India Conference on Managing Sweetness, DelhiILSI-India Conference on Managing Sweetness, Delhi17 September 200917 September 2009

OverviewOverview

Food and Nutrition SecurityFood and Nutrition Security WFS and MDGsWFS and MDGs Key to Balanced NutritionKey to Balanced Nutrition Nutritional Situation—Asia and WorldNutritional Situation—Asia and World Double Burden of MalnutritionDouble Burden of Malnutrition Food Based Strategies—Diversified Food Based Strategies—Diversified

Food BasketFood Basket FAO Projects in support of Balanced FAO Projects in support of Balanced

NutritionNutrition Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

Food and Nutrition Food and Nutrition SecuritySecurity Four Dimensions of Food SecurityFour Dimensions of Food Security Nutritional SecurityNutritional Security Household Food SecurityHousehold Food Security

WFS and MDGsWFS and MDGs

WFSWFS MDG 1 and other 7 MDGsMDG 1 and other 7 MDGs

Millennium Development GoalsMillennium Development Goals

1.1. Eradicate extreme poverty and Eradicate extreme poverty and hungerhunger

2.2. Achieve universal primary educationAchieve universal primary education

3.3. Promote gender equality and empower Promote gender equality and empower womenwomen

4.4. Reduce child mortalityReduce child mortality

5.5. Improve maternal healthImprove maternal health

6.6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseasesdiseases

7.7. Ensure environmental sustainabilityEnsure environmental sustainability

8.8. Development a global partnership for Development a global partnership for developmentdevelopment

Four Key to Balanced Four Key to Balanced NutritionNutrition Food Based Dietary GuidelinesFood Based Dietary Guidelines MacronutrientsMacronutrients MicronutrientsMicronutrients Hydration—Safe drinking waterHydration—Safe drinking water Plate Method—For portioning Plate Method—For portioning

daily dietdaily diet

Suggested Portioning Suggested Portioning of Dietof Diet 50% of total calories from CHO50% of total calories from CHO 20% of total calories from fats20% of total calories from fats Emphasis on Monounsaturated fats: olive, Emphasis on Monounsaturated fats: olive,

saffola etc.saffola etc. Green Leafy VegetablesGreen Leafy Vegetables Assorted VegetablesAssorted Vegetables FruitsFruits 6-8 glasses of water6-8 glasses of water Protein (more of milk and milk products and Protein (more of milk and milk products and

pulses)pulses) Fish—Highly RecommendedFish—Highly Recommended Whole grains (Brown rice)Whole grains (Brown rice)

Important Important ConsiderationsConsiderations Access to safe and adequate nutritious FoodsAccess to safe and adequate nutritious Foods Four dimensions of Food and Nutrition Four dimensions of Food and Nutrition

SecuritySecurity Dietary Diversification and Food based Dietary Diversification and Food based

approachapproach Balancing Calories and Consuming Wide Balancing Calories and Consuming Wide

Variety of FoodsVariety of Foods Food for Balanced Nutrition and Health Food for Balanced Nutrition and Health Promoting Nutrition, right from the childhoodPromoting Nutrition, right from the childhood Life Cycle ApproachLife Cycle Approach

FAO’s Mandate FAO’s Mandate (founded in 1945)(founded in 1945)

Raise levels of nutrition and standards of living

Improve agricultural productivity

Better the conditions of rural populations

Contribute to the expansion of the world’s economy

Prevalence of Prevalence of undernourishmentundernourishment

RegionRegion No. (millions) No. (millions) undernourisheundernourishedd

% % undernourishundernourisheded

WorldWorld 848848 1313

Developing Developing countriescountries

832832 1616

Asia Asia 541.9541.9 1616

South Asia South Asia 313313 2121

Source : FAO, SOFI, 2008

Prevalence of Prevalence of undernourishment, South undernourishment, South AsiaAsiaCountryCountry No.(millions) No.(millions)

undernourisheundernourishedd

% population % population undernourisheundernourishedd

BangladeshBangladesh 40.140.1 2727IndiaIndia 230.5230.5 2121NepalNepal 4.04.0 1515PakistanPakistan 35.035.0 2323Sri LankaSri Lanka 4.04.0 2121South Asia South Asia (Total)(Total)

313.6313.6 2121Source: FAO, SOFI,2008(Data NA for Bhutan, Maldives)

World Nutrition World Nutrition SituationSituation IDA: affects more than 3.5 billion IDA: affects more than 3.5 billion

peoplepeople VAD: 3.3 million U5s with clinical VAD: 3.3 million U5s with clinical

VAD and 75-140 million U5s with VAD and 75-140 million U5s with sub-clinical VADsub-clinical VAD

IDD: 740 million people affected IDD: 740 million people affected by goitreby goitre

Global Malnutrition Global Malnutrition Situation—A ParadoxSituation—A Paradox FAO: 848 million undernourishedFAO: 848 million undernourished WHO: 300 million obese adultsWHO: 300 million obese adults

andand

115 million people in 115 million people in developing countries suffering developing countries suffering from obesity-related conditionsfrom obesity-related conditions

Double Burden of Double Burden of MalnutritionMalnutrition A real ParadoxA real Paradox UndernutritionUndernutrition Diet related chronic diseases due to over Diet related chronic diseases due to over

nutrition—Diabetes, CHD, Some forms of nutrition—Diabetes, CHD, Some forms of CancerCancer

Managing both through dietManaging both through diet Adequate and Balanced Nutrition—the Adequate and Balanced Nutrition—the

keykey Physical ActivityPhysical Activity Healthy LifestyleHealthy Lifestyle

ICN, WFS and Millennium ICN, WFS and Millennium SummitSummit

ICN & World Declaration of the Plan of Action for ICN & World Declaration of the Plan of Action for Nutrition including combating Hidden Hunger led to Nutrition including combating Hidden Hunger led to developing National Plans of Action for Nutrition developing National Plans of Action for Nutrition (NPANs) (NPANs)

International Alliance Against Hunger (IAAH)International Alliance Against Hunger (IAAH) MDGs included nutrition and health as one of the MDGs included nutrition and health as one of the

cornerstones of development. cornerstones of development. Greater investment in nutrition linked agriculture Greater investment in nutrition linked agriculture

and development strategies leads to improved and development strategies leads to improved health, in particular, has beneficial effects on next health, in particular, has beneficial effects on next generation. generation.

FAO projects and FAO projects and Lessons Learnt in AsiaLessons Learnt in Asia BangladeshBangladesh BhutanBhutan CambodiaCambodia ChinaChina IndiaIndia IndonesiaIndonesia Lao PDRLao PDR NepalNepal PhilippinesPhilippines Sri LankaSri Lanka ThailandThailand Viet NamViet Nam

Role of FAO in support of food Role of FAO in support of food

based strategiesbased strategies

Facilitates process for promoting supply, access Facilitates process for promoting supply, access and consumption of adequate quantity and and consumption of adequate quantity and quality of safe foodsquality of safe foods

Primarily advocates dietary diversification and Primarily advocates dietary diversification and fortificationfortification

Recognizes need for broad based Recognizes need for broad based supplementation (high risk areas) and public supplementation (high risk areas) and public health measureshealth measures

Improve both micronutrient and overall Improve both micronutrient and overall nutritional statusnutritional status

Share of food groups as percentage of Share of food groups as percentage of DES(kcal/caput/day)DES(kcal/caput/day)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Australia

Vanuatu

Papua New Guinea

Kiribati

J apan

Maldives

Fiji

Mongolia

Malaysia

Kazakhstan

Rep.of Korea

Thailand

Pakistan

China

Philippines

SriLanka

Iran

India

Uzbekistan

DPR Korea

Tajikistan

Indonesia

VietNam

Myanmar

Nepal

Lao

Cambodia

Bangladesh

Cereals

Roots & Tubers

Pulses & Nuts

Fruits

Vegetables

Sugars

Veg.oils

Meat,Offal,Fish

Milk &Eggs

Animal fat

Others

Adapted from FBS, 2001

Recommendations and Recommendations and ConclusionsConclusions Promote Nutrition Orientation to Food Promote Nutrition Orientation to Food

Production by incorporating nutrition Production by incorporating nutrition considerations into development considerations into development policies and programmes and policies and programmes and agriculture in particular, including agriculture in particular, including poverty reduction strategiespoverty reduction strategies

National Food and Agriculture Policy to National Food and Agriculture Policy to aim/strengthen achievement of aim/strengthen achievement of balanced production and availability of balanced production and availability of a range of diverse foodsa range of diverse foods

Adequate and Adequate and Balanced NutritionBalanced Nutrition Farm and not Pharmacy, Farm and not Pharmacy,

approachapproach Diversified Food Basket for Diversified Food Basket for

Balancing Calorie Intake and Balancing Calorie Intake and Dietary DiversificationDietary Diversification

Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

Reference to National RDA and Food PyramidReference to National RDA and Food Pyramid Limiting Sugar IntakeLimiting Sugar Intake Eating more Whole GrainsEating more Whole Grains Avoiding Trans fatsAvoiding Trans fats Limiting Saturated Fat IntakeLimiting Saturated Fat Intake Eating 20% to 35% of daily calories from FatsEating 20% to 35% of daily calories from Fats Consuming monounsaturated and poly Consuming monounsaturated and poly

unsaturated Fatsunsaturated Fats Ensuring Safety of Foods Ensuring Safety of Foods

An Old Chinese An Old Chinese ProverbProverb

REGARDLESS OF WHO THE REGARDLESS OF WHO THE FATHERFATHER OF OF A DISEASE ISA DISEASE IS

SURELY ITS MOTHER IS SURELY ITS MOTHER IS

IMPROPER DIETIMPROPER DIET

Another SayingAnother Saying

Let Food be Our MedicineLet Food be Our Medicine

ContactContact

[email protected]@gmail.com

President President

Society for Nutrition, Education Society for Nutrition, Education and Health Advancement and Health Advancement (SNEHA) Kolkata, India(SNEHA) Kolkata, India

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

For Your Kind AttentionFor Your Kind Attention