Implementing Transit Oriented Development in India

www.TransformingTransportation.org

Implementing Transit Oriented Development

in India

O.P. Agarwal, Executive Director, Indian School of Business

Presented at Transforming Transportation 2017

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Implementing

Transit Oriented

Development in

India

By

O.P. Agarwal

Executive Director

Indian School of Business

Several Mass Transit Projects

City Length of

Metro line (km)

City Length of Metro

line (km)

Delhi 325 Lucknow 29

Mumbai 44 Jaipur 12

Bangalore 115 Chennai 80

Hyderabad 71 Gurgaon 12

Kochi 27 Ahmedabad 35

Pune 31 Nagpur 38

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Approx 810 kms already approved – more under consideration

Nearly 800 station areas to be developed and more to come

Key aspects of TOD

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Density

Easy access

Mixed use

Existence of Transit

Features of the Indian situation• Proposals for metro rail often made to secure political mileage

or an enhanced image for the city

• Supporting activities not thought through – TOD not

embedded in the initial plans

• Covering already well built up areas – chasing development,

not leading development

• Densities already high - TOD not considered necessary

• Inadequate attention to mixed used planning

• Problem of poor walking environment

• Institutional fragmentation

• Predominantly city-wide FAR regulations – need for greater

granularity

• Inadequate utility capacity – who will pay for enhancement

• Metro already very crowded – no space for more

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Indian cities are inherently dense

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

Persons per Sq. km

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So, do we really need higher density?

Hub of the Delhi Metro

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Yet the Delhi metro is very crowded at this station

MG Road station on the Bangalore metro

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9

Poor interchange

Poor access

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What is needed

• A vision for the city

• Comprehensive land use and mobility plan

• Mass transit proposals must include a TOD plan - along with a monitoring mechanism

• Studies to determine ideal density levels for different types of mass transit systems and income levels

• Need for a nationally relevant TOD policy encompassing: – Institutional arrangement for TOD – who will implement TOD –

clear responsibility to be assigned

– Financing arrangement, especially for utility capacity enhancement

– Leveraging opportunity for land value capture

– Role of the private sector

– Enabling provisions in the development regulations for (1) granular FARs, and (2) mixed use planning

• Area based components of Smart Cities plans offer a great opportunity

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Important to recognize the special features in India and

develop an implementation strategy that is relevant in

the Indian context – cant just do what others have

done