Imperialism in India

Imperialism in India

New Imperialism

European countries sought out direct control over vast territories

Capitalist markets were looking for markets and raw materials (i.e. rubber, tin, oil, rice, gold, diamonds, etc.)

Q: How did the European powers keep the colonies under control?

Types of Government

(1) Indirect Rule: Local rulers were allowed to keep their authority and status in a new colonial setting

• It was cheaper because fewer officials were needed to be trained

Types of Government

(2) Direct Rule: If local leaders did not cooperate with Europeans they were replaced with European officials

Local elites were not allowed to hold powerful positions in government

(3) Protectorate

A state or territory partly controlled by the military or government of a stronger state

Dependent on another country for its protection

Autonomous in internal affairs

Colonial Takeover in Southeast Asia

Dutch East IndiesMalay PeninsulaIndochinaPhilippinesBritish IndiaBurmaAustralia

Dutch East IndiesKnown for its rich soil which allowed the harvesting of: coffee, pepper, cinnamon, sugar, indigo, and tea

Mines were formed to exploit rich deposits of tin and copper

Forests yielded timber and hardwoods

• The Dutch became notorious for the use of forced slave labor, known as the culture system

Dutch East Indies

Philippine IslandsSpanish used similar methods to reap the rewards from their tobacco and sugar plantations in the Philippine Islands

In 1898, the Philippines were given to the United States as part of the settlement for their loss of the Spanish-American War

Southeast Asia Mainland

• British took control of India in the early 1800s

• Meanwhile, the French imperialized modern-day Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam forming French Indochina

British Rule in IndiaTo rule India, the British East India Company had its own soldiers and military bases

The Company hired sepoys (Indian soldiers) protect Britain’s interests

Sepoys made up 84% of troops employed in India

Fighting for Independence

1857: Indians led the Sepoy Mutiny

Indians called this the First War of Independence

Immediate case of revolt: Rumor spread that the troops’ new rifle cartridges were made of cow and pig fat

Muslim and Hindu Beliefs

Sepoy Mutiny• After a group of Sepoys were

imprisoned for refusing to load their rifles, troops went on a rampage killing 50 British men, women, and children

Cost of British Rule1. British manufactured goods

destroyed local industries

2. British textiles put Indian women out of work

3. Increased taxes

4. Stripped the Indian people of their civil rights

StarvationForced farmers to switch from growing food to cotton

Food supplies could not keep up with growing population

30 million Indians starved

A Fight for Independence

Mohandas Gandhi

“Nonviolence is the first article of my faith. It is also the last article of my creed.”

Social Unrest and Violence • Indians killed 200 British women at

the House of Ladies in Kanpur

• British parliament transferred power from the British East India Company directly to the British government

• British brought order and stability to India by appointing a Viceroy (British governor)

Gandhi Movie Clips

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6LxXZ32HwM – first ½

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sCsArbBloU – salt march

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAs8uvKNkcU – fasting?