Imperialism • African Civilization - Geography - North, West and Central in Contact - South isolated • Climates are Mediterranean, Dry steppe, Desert, Savanna, Rain forest - hunters, herders, grain, dry farming, fishing • People are Berbers, S. Asian, Egyptians, Black, Pygmies and Khoisan
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Imperialism African Civilization - Geography - North, West and Central in Contact - South isolated Climates are Mediterranean, Dry steppe, Desert, Savanna,
Early African Civilization 500 B.C. North practices agriculture 400 B.C. Iron Working - Bantus take skills to the South by 100 B.C. Tight village/family organization - Animism, magic, association with nature, ancestor worship (Male clan leaders).
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Imperialism
• African Civilization- Geography
- North, West and Central in Contact- South isolated
• Pizzaro- Inca Army is huge- Virocha Legend, Royal mummies, Huascar v. Atahualpa
Regional Impact of the New Imperialism
• African Slave trade- Songhay and other successor states destroyed- Portugal, Dutch and British involved- A few Africans captured in raids- Missionaries follow- Death rates of native Americans creates a demand for labor
Indonesia• Portuguese driven out by the Dutch• 1602 Dutch east India Company• Divide and conquer, destroy opponents kill local
peoples and import slaves• Quinine, pepper, rubber, coffee, hemp and indigo• Forced Culture System• Indonesia supports 1/7 of all Dutchmen up to
WWII
Slave Trade
• 1441-1600 1000 slaves/year; by1700’s it is 50,000/year
• Total 10 -12 Million with high estimates of 30 Million
• Positive Force?– Ultimately destructive to native populations– Set up long term problems that still cause crises today
• Native Urban elites create political groups (Indian National Congress)
• Rural elites rebel (Tanganyika, Congo)• Popular revolts (Sepoys)• Imitate the West and Industrialize (Japan)• Passive Resistance - tax evasion, flight, sabotage,
boycotts
Nationalist Examples
• India- Sepoy (Soldier) Rebellion = permanent British Civil Service- Congress Party (Hindu) and Muslim League (One or two states?)
• Issues never resolved
Africa• Military resistance• Resist Missionaries• Boycotts and flight• Rebellions
- Sudan = Mahdi captures Khartoum 1885, but is killed at Omdurman 1898- Ethiopian Menelih defeats Italians and remains independent (1 of 2 free states)- Senegal leader Samori defeats French and British, but is assassinated 1898
China
• Opium wars 1840’s and British win- Four treaty ports opened, huge fine and Extra-territoriality imposed
• Treaty of Tian-jin creates permanent ambassador at royal court
• Ching Reforms fail• Sino-Japanese War 1894-95 loses more
ports• Boxer Rebellion 1898 fails
Japan
• 200 years of isolation after 1600.• 1854 Commodore Perry forces Japan to open
ports• Meiji Restoration led by middle-class Samurai
(Genro) 1868• Selective Imitation
- Prussian Constitution/Army, British navy/telegraph/Post Office, French schools/police/courts, US banks/colleges
Latin America
• Comunero’s 1730’s• Caracas Revolt 1749• Tupac Amaro, Chile 1779• Toussaint L’ouverture, Haiti 1804• Gran Columbia, Simon Bolivar 1817• Jose de San Martin, Chile 1830• New Spain 1810-1821• No money, investors, local economies, become