IMPERIALISM Southeast Asia, Africa, and India
Feb 22, 2016
IMPERIALISMSoutheast Asia, Africa, and India
WHAT IS IMPERIALISM?Imperialism – the extension of a nation’s power
over other lands
Overall main goal was to exploit the resources of the land
“new imperialism” vs. “old imperialism” Before - more content with trading
partnership Now - total control and domination
4 MAIN MOTIVES FOR IMPERIALISM Economic motives – new markets and raw
materials Rivalries – source of national power Social Darwinism and racism
Social Darwinism – survival of the fittest Racism – race determines traits and capabilities Superior races will dominate the inferior races
Moral Responsibility “the white man’s burden”
KINDS OF RULE Indirect rule – local rulers allowed to keep
their authority and status in a new colonial setting.
Direct rule – local elites replaced with new imperial officials and rulers.
Overall main goal was to exploit the resources of the land
COLONIAL TAKEOVER IN SE ASIA Country Colony(ies) Direct or Indirect
RuleExample of Rule
United States
Netherlands
Great Britain
France
Mark “direct” or “indirect” on your map using the symbols on the board
COLONIAL TAKEOVER (MARK ON MAP)
Country Colony(ies) Direct or Indirect Rule
Example of Rule
United States
Philippines Direct
Netherlands Dutch East Indies Indirect
Great Britain Singapore, Burma Direct
France Indochina Direct (south) and indirect (north)
THE EXCEPTION Siam only independent
nation Rivalry between Britain
and France If you were the ruler,
what would you do to stay independent?
King Mongkut and King Chulalongkorn Promoted western
learning Promoted relationships
with both nations
EFFECTS OF IMPERIALISM IN S.E. ASIA
Did not want the colonists to develop their own industries.
Exported materials Used people as laborers High taxes Poor conditions
Good economic system brought to some of the colonies.
RESISTANCEResistance came in three forms
1. Rule elite class
2. Peasant revolts (due to harsh plantation conditions)
3. Urban, westernized, educated middle class
CLOSER Based on the definition of imperialism,
do you agree with this quote? Why or why not?”
America's entire war on terror is an exercise in imperialism.
~ MICHAEL IGNATIEFF, New York Times, Jul. 28, 2002
REVIEW
Raw materials
Moral responsibility
Siam
Direct rule
racism
Indirect rule
rivalries
Elite Class
protectorate
Poor conditions
VOCAB FOR SECTION 1 imperialism racism protectorate indirect rule direct rule exploit export
AFRICAN IMPERIALISMSection 2
5 REGIONS Divide Africa into 5 regions
West North Central East South
For each section, students will answer the following Summarize in one sentence what the importance of
the area was. What motives of imperialism did this reflect? Direct or indirect rule? Explain any challenges in the region.
AFRICAN IMPERIALISM
WEST AFRICA NORTH AFRICA1. Slave Trade, raw materials,
slowly added2. Economic motive (raw
materials); rivalries (French/British/German control); Social Darwinism (Slave trade)
3. France – Direct rule;G.B. – Indirect rule (protectorate)
4. Tensions with African governments, able to maintain independence; slave trade ended
1. Europeans needed access to canals; Ottoman Empire declines
2. Economic motives (link to trade routes); rivalries (prevent other countries from gaining too much control); moral responsibility (education)
3. G.B. – Indirect rule (Egypt protectorate); France – Direct rule)
4. Competition from other countries; resistance from natives
AFRICAN IMPERIALISM
CENTRAL AFRICA EAST AFRICA1. Unexplored and
unknown by European countries, sparking exploration.
2. Economic (maps, medical remedies; raw materials); rivalries (Belgium); Moral responsibility (missionaries)
3. Belgium – direct rule4. difficult and dangerous
to explore and access.
1. Smaller European powers struggling to gain some land.
2. Rivalries (smaller states; Berlin Conference); Economic motives (trade access)
3. Both4. Competition amongst
states; no regard given to present African boundaries.
AFRICAN IMPERIALISM
SOUTH AFRICA CLOSER – 1/8/131. Southern access; rich in
resources2. Rivalries (British & Boers);
Racism/Social Darwinism (Boers and British superior to indigenous); economic motives (make fortunes)
3. Indirect rule – G.B.4. Indigenous tribes (Zulus
revolted against Boers); Boer War (Boers revolted against British settlers).
Which motive was most commonly used to justify imperialism in African?
OPPOSING VIEWPOINT QUESTIONS1. What is “the white man’s burden”?2. What does Kipling’s poem describe?
List at least 3 phrases that support this message.
3. What does Morel’s passage describe? Find 2 examples from the text that support this.
4. What is each authors’ opinion of imperialism?
5. Who is the audience of each work? (who would support each authors’ message?)
DIRECT OR INDIRECT
Britain France Germany Belgium
BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIASection 3
SEPOY MUTINY Ruled by the British
East India Company sepoys – Indian
soldiers hired to protect the company’s interests
Rumors began over new rifle cartridges
Charged with mutiny when refused to use rifles
SEPOY MUTINY Revolted but defeated by British troops due
to lack of unity British government took over
Queen Victoria’s “Jewel in the Crown” Direct rule through a viceroy – a governor who
ruled as a representative of a monarch
Helped fuel Indian nationalism
BELL RINGER – 1/15/13 Answer the two “Critical Thinking”
questions on pg. 467
Flag of the East India Company, 1800
Cause EffectBritish Textiles
Cotton crops
School system
Railroad, telegraph, telephone services
BENEFITS AND COSTS OF BRITISH RULE
BENEFITS AND COSTS OF BRITISH RULE
Cause EffectBritish Textiles Local industries shut down; women
out of work
Cotton crops Food production declined; thousands starved
School system Elite Indian children taught in preparation for government and military positions
Railroad, telegraph, telephone services
Increased communication and transportation
“SHOOTING AN ELEPHANT” QUESTIONS
1. What is the author conflicted about concerning his job?
2. What convinced the author that there was really an elephant on the loose?
3. What was the realization about “white man’s dominion in the East”?
4. What were the authors arguments for and against shooting the elephant?
5. What did the natives think of the author and other Europeans?
6. What were the reactions to his final choice?
EXTRA QUESTION How does the story “We Crown Thee
King” reflect Indian nationalism at the time?
INDIAN NATIONALISM Indian National Congress – group of
Indians in support of Indian rights (particularly in government).
Mohandas Gandhi – Indian lawyer to lead a nonviolent resistance movement for Indian independence.
Rabindranath Tagore – Indian author during the cultural revival and aided the nationalist movement
HEADLINES You and your partner are to pick an
event or topic from the given list and create a headline that might appear in an Indian nationalist newspaper.
Headline requirements Headline and byline Reflect the ideas of the newspaper it
appears in
TOPICS TO CHOOSE FROM EXAMPLE Indian Nationals
Congress (pg 469) Muslim League (pg 469-
70) Gandhi (return or
movement) (pg 470) cultural revival (pg 470-
71) Rabindranath Tagore (pg
471)
SEPOYS REVOLT!Hundreds of Britons Die in
Mass Slaughter
(to appear in a British newspaper)