IMPERIALISM A.P. World Feb. 7, 2020
IMPERIALISM
A.P. World
Feb. 7, 2020
DEFINITION
Domination by one country
of the political, economic, or
cultural life of another
country or region
BRAINSTORM
Why did industrialized
countries participate in
imperialism?
IMPERIALISM
Domination by one country
of the political, economic, or
cultural life of another
country or region
ADD THESE TITLES TO YOUR FLIPBOOK
Imperialism
Forms
Africa
India
Ottoman Empire and Egypt
China
Japan
Picture
FORMS OF IMPERIALISM
• Direct Rule: Control over all levels of
government, put soldiers and officials in positions
of power, imposed culture on natives
• Indirect Rule: Used local rulers to govern
• Protectorate: Local rulers are left in control, but are
expected to follow orders of European leaders. Less
expensive than a colony and did not require as much
military force
• Sphere of Influence: Area where an outside
power claims exclusive investment or trading
rights
AFRICA
WEST AFRICA
• NATIVES: Asante tribe. Traded with
Europeans and Muslims, controlling
other African states
• Colonized by France, Great Britain,
Germany, Spain, and Portugal
AFRICA
INTERIOR OF AFRICA
• Areas along the Niger, Nile,
and Congo Rivers
• Missionaries: Europeans who
spread Christianity to
civilizations in Africa
• Livingstone
• Paternalistic
• Colonized by Belgium
AFRICA
SOUTH AFRICA
• NATIVES: Zulu tribe, led by Shaka.
They conquered nearby territories
and fought with the Boers.
• Boers: decedents of the Dutch in
the Cape Colony who were
escaping British rule
• BOER WAR: 1889-1902, Conflict
between the British and the Boers,
defeated by the British
AFRICA
SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA
• King Leopold II of Belgium
• Said he was exploring the Congo in order to “civilize” the
natives, but really was to exploit the resources and labor
• Made the Congo Free State his “personal colony,” making
profit off of copper, ivory, and rubber
• Treated natives horribly, population declined dramatically
• Berlin Conference, 1884
• Recognized Leopold’s claims in the Congo, but required
free trade along Congo and Niger rivers
• To claim a part of African territory, had to set up a
government office there
AFRICA
Resistance
• By the early 1900s, Europeans had claimed most
of Africa.
• Colonizers did not pay attention to existing
ethnic lines when they established boundaries
• Led to nationalists movements for
independence in early 1900s
• Ethiopia
• Resisted colonization and remained
Independent
• Menelik II: ruler that modernized the
country, reforms in education,
transportation, and military training
INDIA
• PRIOR TO
COLONIZATION
• Large population and
many different cultures
• Population was very
fragmented
• EAST INDIA COMPANY
• Goals:
• British joint-stock company
used by England to make
money and westernize the
country to facilitate trade
• “Divide and Rule”
• Tactic used by the British to
take advantage of the diverse
population, encouraged
competition between the
groups
INDIA
• IMPACT ON GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY
• British controlled all top government positions in the
army and the civil service
• Built roads and railways to help sell goods and transport
resources
• Flooded India with inexpensive goods, ruining native
industries
• Forced to only grow cash crops, led to deforestation and
famine
• British controlled 3/5 of India
INDIA
SEPOY REBELLION, 1857
• SEPOY: Indian soldiers under
British rule
• British required Sepoys to
serve anywhere in the world
• British armed them, but had
to bite the tips off of the
bullets, which were greased
in animal fat, against their
religion
• British imprisoned them, so
the Sepoys rebelled and
killed many British
• India placed under the
Crown in 1858
NATIONALISM
• Indian National
Congress, 1885
• Formed as a response
to colonization
• Party calling for
democracy, self-rule, and
modernization in India
OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND EGYPT
Ottoman Empire
• Multiethnic empire in Northern Africa,
Eastern Europe, and the Middle East
• France, Russia, and Germany moved
into the area
• Armenian Genocide
• Armenians were Christians living in the
Eastern part of the Empire
• Ottoman Turks were Muslim, accused
Armenians of plotting with the Russians
to dismantle the empire, leading to the
death of 600,000-1.5 million Armenians
OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND EGYPT
Egypt
• Muhammad Ali: father of modern Egypt
• Introduced many reforms
• taxes, irrigation, and industrialization
• Suez Canal:
• Connects the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea
• British eventually gained control over the canal
• Helped make trade easier
• Becomes a protectorate of Britain in 1882
CHINA PRIOR TO COLONIZATION
• Strict limits on foreign trade
• Opium War, 1839
• British made huge profits selling Indian Opium for Chinese Tea
• Chinese became addicted to opium, hurting the economy
• Chinese government outlawed opium, but British refused to stop trading and Chinese defeated by British military
• Taiping Rebellion
• Huge amounts of poverty and corruption by the Qing dynasty
• Led to a massive peasant revolt, 20-30 million Chinese died.
• Weakened the power of the government
CHINA
SPHERE OF INFLUENCE
• Japan, Britain, France, Germany, and Russia
carved up “spheres” to facilitate trade with
China
• Open Door Policy
• US wanted to ensure Chinese trade
would be open to all nations equally, did
not like the spheres of influence
• Accepted by the imperial powers, but
China was not consulted
CHINA
RESISTANCE
• Boxer Rebellion, 1900
• Righteous Harmonious Fists
• Secret society that wanted to remove all foreign influence from China
• Attacked foreigners in China
• Western countries and Japan sent in support to help foreigners, ending the rebellion
• Sun Yixian
• Wanted to rebuild China based on
• 1. Nationalism, 2. Democracy 3. Economic Security
• Became first president of the new Chinese republic in 1911
JAPAN
PRIOR TO COLONIZATION
• Closed to foreigners
• Matthew Perry
• Brought US Navy into Tokyo
Bay in 1853, demanding
Japan to open ports
• Treaty of Kanagawa, 1854
Opened two ports to
American ships, not for
trade
• Eventually, Japan gave
trading rights to many
Western nations
MEIJI RESTORATION
• Wanted to westernize Japan
• Strong and autocratic
central government, equality
before the law, limited voting
rights, required military
service
• Modern banking, roads,
telegraphs, ports, and
factories
• Zaibatsu: banking and
industrial families
JAPAN
AVOIDING
WESTERN
CONTROL
• Strong homogenous
identity
• Had overseas
influence in China and
Korea
MILITARY STRENGTH
• First Sino-Japanese War
• Gained ports in China and control over Taiwan
• Russo-Japanese War
• Destroyed Russian fleet, gained parts of Manchuria and Korea, leading to an increase in Korean nationalist movements
EFFECTS OF IMPERIALISM