Impacts Ecosystems

7/31/2019 Impacts Ecosystems

1/17


2/17


3/17

Disaster? Or Catastrophe?


4/17


5/17


6/17

Forest Eco System

Resource rich areas inhabited by resource poor people

Sustainable livelihood of these communities is under threat due

to indiscriminate resource depletion.

effects of mining in local habitats commercialisation of agriculture and impact on vegetation in

the long run (particularly fertilisers and pesticides)

effects of deforestation on environment

depletion of groundwater resources

Role that indigenous communities have played in conserving

forests needs to be recognised.


7/17

Coastal Zones

Vulnerable areas along the

Indian Coast due to SLR

Simulation models show an increase in frequencies of

tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal particularly intenseevents are projected during the post-monsoon period

Sea level rise is projected to displace populations in

coastal zones, increase flooding in low-lying coastal areas,loss of crop yields from inundation and salinization.

7500 km coast line


8/17

Threat of displacement due to sea level rise

Threat of intensification of disasters:

Effects on the marine life and plant/crop life:

Seawater being polluted by toxic chemical waste discharged

from industries

Accumulation of carbon dioxide destroys the natural food

chains and fisheries in the Bay

Acquaculture poses major threat to mangroves of the dyingout of phyto plankton which are said to absorb carbon

dioxide floating on the surface.

The dying out of phyto plankton which are said to absorb

carbon dioxide floating on the surface.

Coastal Eco System


9/17

Climate Change and Mountainous region

Basic manifestations

Increasing number of glacier retreats. incidents of landslides,

river regimes and floods increase; in in time due to global

warming if glaciers disappear, the rivers will dry upnd entire

flora and fauna of about 500 million people will be affected. Impact of overexploitation of resources on local climate and

ecology:

Loss of bio-diversity esp rare species of medicinal plants,

Stress on traditional agriculture,

Increase in natural disasters which are climate induced:

earthquakes, landslides and avalanches, floods and droughts


10/17


11/17

Arid region

Once resource rich areas now have become arid.

Rainfall has decreased over time in the arid regions thus

affecting crop production.

Reduced production has resulted in over exploitation of land

resources and has further exacerbated the depletion of forests.

Forest fires have increased,

Increase in bald hills and denuded areas,Accelerated soil erosion, gullies,

Sand casting of agricultural land in lower reaches,

Siltation of the traditional water harvesting structures


12/17


13/17

Urban Areas

Two basic sources affecting climate changes are:

Effluents from Industries.

Emissions from the automobiles.

Major threat to local populations is related to health:

Air mobility has increased dramatically in the last decade due to

an increasing middle class


14/17

Inter-linkage between exploitation of natural resources, climatechange and poverty

Unmet development needs of the poor conflict with the

aspirations of the rich

Share of Non-conventional energy in energy consumption is

very low

CDM Projects have little relevance with sustainable

development from the macro and micro perspective

Climate Change negotiations are disappointing

Underlying Concerns


15/17

Acute physical water scarce

conditions

Constant water scarcities and

shortage

Seasonal / regular water

stressed conditionsRare water shortages

Key Vulnerable River Basins


16/17

Decrease in yield of crops as temperature increases in different

parts of India - For example a a 2C increase in mean airtemperature, rice yields could decrease by about 0.75

ton/hectare in the high yield areas and by about 0.06

ton/hectare in the low yield coastal regions.

Major impacts of climate change will be on rain fed crops (other

than rice and wheat), which account for nearly 60% of cropland

area. In India poorest farmers practice rain fed agriculture.

The loss in farm-level net revenue will range between 9 and

25% for a temperature rise of 2-3.5C.

Agriculture


17/17

Health

Malaria is likely to persist in many states and new regions at

hogher latitudes may become malaria-prone

The duration of the malaria transmission windows is likely to

widen in northern and western states and shorten in southern

states.

Endemic

regions of

malaria

Regions likely

to be affected

by malaria in

2050s

Impacts Ecosystems

Documents