Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education. Jelena Fedurko

Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko

TOC Strategic SolutionsTOC Strategic Solutions

Impact of TOC on Thinking Impact of TOC on Thinking and Educationand Education

Jelena FedurkoJelena FedurkoVilnius, September 2012Vilnius, September 2012


Jelena FedurkoJelena has 13 years of TOC experience as a trainer and consultant providing support in TOC implementations in the areas of people management, production, supply chain, project management.

Jelena has worked in Japan, Poland, Turkey, Italy, Russia, Ukraine, India, China, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and other countries throughout the world.

Jelena is the author of the book Behind the Cloud – Enhancing logical thinking. The book presents new developments in the area of working with assumptions.

Together with Oded Cohen Jelena has co-authored the book TOC Fundamentals, recently published in Russian.

She has authored numerous articles on TOC concepts and implementation, and has contributed to and edited several TOC books.

[email protected]

www.toc-strategicsolutions.com


The Role of Education

1. Transfer knowledge

2. Build skills

Teaching is only the means to achieve that.


Major learning skills1. Comprehension

2. Evaluation

3. Application

4. Analysis

5. Synthesis

6. Deduction

7. Induction

8. Balanced thinking

9. Creative thinking


Major learning skills1. Comprehension – understanding the meaning, interpretation, ability to state

a problem in one’s own words (while knowledge is ability to recollect and reproduce data and information)

2. Evaluation – making judgments about the value of data/concepts

3. Application – using what has been learnt to real-life situations

4. Analysis – breaking down material/concepts into components to detect relationship among the parts or the parts and the whole (requires comparing and contrasting); distinguishing between facts and inferences; recognizing logical fallacies in reasoning

5. Synthesis – forming a whole through building up/connecting elements to create a larger and more coherent pattern

6. Deduction – moving from general principles to particular instances

7. Induction – moving from particular instances to generalized conclusions

8. Balanced thinking – examination of arguments for and against a particular data/material/concept

9. Creative thinking – ability to devise innovative solutions


What is unique about TOC? 1. Search for a logical reasoning

The use of Cause & Effect relationships to structure our thinking, record our analysis and understand the suggested solution for

any problem (based on Convergence)

2. Resolve conflicts

A strong belief that there should be no conceptual conflict within our reality – hence – striving to find a win-win solution to any

perceived “no solution situation” (Local & Global)

3. Seek for collaboration and contribution

The use of TOC logical tools logic to communicate to ourselves and thereafter to the team with the view of working together to

achieve the desired improvement (based on Respect)


TOC Tools for Building

Comprehension


TOC tools for building ComprehensionWhile Knowledge is ability to recollect and reproduce data and information,

Comprehension is ability to understand the meaning, interpret, and state a problem in one’s own words.

D

D’

The need that is satisfied by the

action in DThe common objective achieved by having

B and C

A

C

B

Action 1

Action 2

The TOC tool to assist with Comprehension – the CloudUnderstanding and verbalizing the situation in which a person or a system is caught between two mutually exclusive actions or modes of behaviour.

Conflict

The need that is satisfied by the

action in D’

In the Cloud we state what for we want to take an action, and what for we want to satisfy the need. With that we claim that if we do something – it will give us a certain effect.


Inner Dilemma Cloud

Inner dilemma – is when you are faced with two options and do not know which route to take.

In an inner dilemma:

B and C are both my needs to achieve the objective A

D’ is the action that I want to take.

D is the action that is forced on me by the system/situation.

The Objective

A

B

My need 1

My need 2

C

Means to achieve Need 1


D

D’

Preferred action

Forced action


Be a good father

A

Fulfil the son’s long standing dream

B D

Buy a motor scooter for his

birthday

CEnsure

latest educational and informational

opportunities for the son

D’

Buy a computer for his birthday

A case when a father of a teenage son built a dilemma cloud on whether to give his son a computer or a motor scooter for his fourteenth birthday. The father was concerned with the whole situation, especially that the birthday was coming close.

Building Comprehension – presenting a situation as an Inner Dilemma Cloud


TOC tools for building ComprehensionComprehension is ability to understand the meaning, interpret, and state a problem in one’s own words.

D

D’The need that is satisfied by the

action in D’

The need that is satisfied by the action in DThe common

objective achieved by

having B and C

A

C

B

Action 1

Action 2

The major TOC tool to build Comprehension – the assumptions behind the arrows in the Cloud

Assumptions B-D

Assumptions C-D’

Assumptions D-D’


In reference to the Cloud,

assumptions are facts, observations, beliefs, expectations, convictions, presuppositions, experiences, interpretations, concepts, principles, data, general knowledge and other elements of thinking with which we support our reasoning behind a logical connection.

What are Assumptions?


D

Fulfil the son’s long standing dream

Be a good father

A

B

Buy a motor scooter for his

birthday

CEnsure

latest educational and informational


D’

Buy a computer for his birthday

B-D 1: The father has frequently told his son many stories about having a motor scooter as a teenager, and for the son to get the motor scooter will be a symbol of being accepted by the father as mature and grown-up.

C-D’ 1: Most of the information and communication goes through the internet.

Building Comprehension – working with Assumptions


Day-to-Day Conflict Cloud

Day-to-Day Conflicts are between you and someone else; they are not deep problems and they do not happen all the time.

In a day-to-day conflict between you and somebody else:

C is my need and D’ is the action I want to take.

B is the other side’s need and D is the other side’s desired action.

Common Objective

A

B

Need 1

Need 2

C



D

D’

Me

Other

Side


D

Fulfil the long standing dream

Feel good in the family

A

B

Receive a motor scooter

CEnsure latest

educational and informational


D’

Give a computer

The son’s side

The father’s side

Building Comprehension – presenting a situation as a Day-to-Day Conflict Cloud


TOC tools for building ComprehensionComprehension is ability to understand the meaning, interpret, and state a problem in one’s own words.

TOC tool to assist with Comprehension – the Negative Branch

Understanding and verbalizing possible negative outcomes of a decision/action.

Decision/action

Possible negative outcome

will happen

will happen

will happen

Exists/ will happen independently





•Evaluation

•Application


TOC tools for building EvaluationEvaluation – making judgments about the value of data/concepts. TOC tool to assist with Evaluation –

the protocol of checking the logic in the Cloud

A

B D

D’C

1. In order to [А]

2. I must [В]3.In order to [B] 4. I must [D]

5. In order to [А]

6. I must [C]

7. In order to [С] 8. I must [D’]9. [D] and [D’] are in conflict10. [D] jeopardizes achieving the need in [C]

11. [D’] jeopardizes the need in [B]

Check the logic: "In order to (tip of arrow)….. I must (tail of arrow)……"

Does the flow of the words make sense? If not, correct the wording accordingly.



challenging assumptions behind the arrows in the Cloud

The process aimed at challenging the validity of one or several assumption behind the causalities in the Cloud.

Finding and negating an erroneous assumption leads to developing a solution to a problem described in the Cloud.



Categories of Legitimate Reservations (CLR) The protocol of checking

logic in a cause-effect relationshipIn logical reasoning it is important to check each causality connection between two entities to ensure that it is clear and irrefutable.

The process of checking logic is called scrutinizing that has its own terminology and sequence. We check for:

1. Clarity

2. Entity Existence

3. Causality Existence

4. Cause Insufficiency

5. Additional Cause

6. “House on Fire”

7. Predicted Effect Existence


TOC tools for building Application

Application – using what has been learnt to real-life situations.

TOC tools to assist with Application – the Cloud, the Negative Branch, the Positive Branch, CRT, FRT

Presenting one’s own reality or projection of a future outcome

(negative or positive) through logical structures that present and justify causality.



•Analysis and Synthesis

•Deduction and Induction

•Balanced Thinking

•Creative Thinking


TOC tools for building Analysis and Synthesis

Analysis – breaking down material/concepts into components to detect relationship among the parts or the parts and the whole (requires comparing and contrasting); distinguishing between facts and inferences; recognizing logical fallacies in reasoning.

Synthesis – forming a whole through building up/connecting elements to create a larger and more coherent pattern.

A major TOC tool to assist with Analysis and Synthesis

– the U-Shape

Also, Categories of Legitimate Reservations play an important role in building skills for Analysis and Synthesis

Cu

rren

t R

eality

Fu

ture

Reality

Low Performance Measurements

Low Performance Measurements

TOC InjectionsTOC Injections

High Performance Measurements

High Performance Measurements

TOC direction of

solution

TOC direction of

solution

PIVOT

TOC

UDEUDE

UDEUDE

UDEUDE

UDEUDEUDEUDE

UDEUDE

DDDD DD’’

DD’’CCCCBBBB

AA AA

DEDE

DEDE

DEDE

DEDEDEDE

DEDE

NBRs


TOC tools for building Deduction and Induction

Deduction – moving from general principles to particular instances.

Major TOC tools to assist with Induction:

•Convergence

•Clouds Consolidation process

Induction – moving from particular instances to generalized conclusions.

A major TOC tool to assist with Deduction – the

protocol of establishing logic in causality branches

“if…, and if…, then…”

DDDD

DD’’

DD’’CCCC

BBBBAA AA

DDDD

DD’’

DD’’CCCC

BBBBAA AA

DDDD

DD’’

DD’’CCCC

BBBBAA AA

If and if

then


TOC tools for building Balanced thinking

Balanced thinking – examination of arguments for and against a particular data/material/concept.

Major TOC tools to assist with Balanced Thinking:

•Checking logic in the Cloud: “D is a necessary condition for B, but endangers C” and “D’ is a necessary condition for

C, but endangers B”

A

B D

C D’

• Negative Branch Looking for a possible

negative outcome of a decision/suggested

solution/planned (desired) action

Decision/ suggested solution/ planned (desired) action



TOC tools for building Creative thinking

Creative thinking – ability to devise innovative solutions.

Major TOC tools to assist with Creating Thinking:

•Developing Injections to the Cloud

A

B

C

• Developing Supporting Injections to trim identified

Negative Branches

Injection

Injection


+

+

+

Supporting Injection


1. Disagreement on what the problem is

2. Disagreement with the direction of solutions

3. Disagreement that the solution will bring the desired benefits

Yes, but…4. Fear that the solution will result in negative

consequences (Risks)5. Obstacles to implementation seem to be

impossible to overcome

6. Say “Yes” and do nothing

Addressing Resistance to Change with TOC Thinking Processes

Ap

pli

cati

on

of

the

TO

C

Th

inki

ng

Pro

cess

es

Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education. Jelena Fedurko

Documents

toc tools

logical thinking

respectimpact of toc

actionimpact of toc

creative thinking ability

jelena fedurkojelena

book toc fundamentals

years of toc experience