ESD Impact of Ship Breaking Industries on Labour Health: A Case Study on Sitakundu Ship Yards, Chittagong www.ePowerPoint.com www.ePowerPoint.com
Jan 20, 2016
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Impact of Ship Breaking Industries on Labour Health: A Case Study on Sitakundu Ship Yards,
Chittagong
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INTRODUCTION
From the old ships many hazardous materials released, the research has found ship released asbestos, chemicals (PCB, PCV, PAH, Tin-organic compounds oils), heavy metals, fumes (dust, fume/gas components; dioxines, isocyanates, sulphur, etc.).
For hazardous materials many health hazards occurred like Anorexia, Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal pain, Respiratory distress, Asthma, Pneumonia, Lung cancer, Dysuria, Urenia etc.
Bangladesh is becoming a graveyard for the dying ships and so it is, for the workers of the shipyards too. More than 50,000 people are working in ship breaking industry in Chittagong with serious health hazards because of the poisonous waste released from old ships.
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The study contains the following objectives:
To identify the present status of the labour and staffs in the ship yards.
To assess the health status of the workers due to hazardous materials in the ship yards.
Objectives of the study
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Materials and MethodsStudy Area
Map of Study Area
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Sample Size DeterminationBy the following equation the sample size has determined — z2 pq n₀ = --------- (Berensen and Levine, 1992) d2
Where, z = Normal variate and which has 2.005 for 95.5% confidence interval, p = Sample proportion. P= 2% of total workers, i.e. 0.02 p + q = 1, therefore, q = 0.98 and d = Desired error, here it is taken = 3% = 0.03 The initial sample size is therefore: (2.005) 2 x 0.02 x 0.98n₀ = ……………………………. = 87.54 (0.03) 2 These sample size is adjusted by using the following formula — n₀n = ------------ (Berensen and Levine, 1992) n₀ 1+ ---- NWhere, n = Required Sample Size, and N = Size of Total workers = 44000
87.54So the sample size, n = ----------------------- = 87.98 ≈ 88
1+ (87.54/45000)
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Data Collection
Primary Data Collection:
Questionnaires Preparation The questionnaires have focused on mainly,1. Job Condition2. Diseases and symptoms3. Health Hazards related causes4. Ship breaking zones, activities and hazards5. Accident rate: Major or Minor
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Secondary Data Collection:Secondary sources information was collected from the following sources —1. Bangladesh Environment Lawyers Association. (Both Dhaka & Chittagong Office)2. YPSA office of Chittagong3. Industry Inspection Department of Bangladesh Government.4. Department of Environment5. Ship yard’s regional Office6. B M D Chittagong Office.
Data CollectionData Collection
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saidpur2% barail
7%
sitakundu13% Mu
radpur1%
Barabkunda
8%
Bansh baria5%Ku
maria1%
Sonaichori9%
Bhatiary42%
Salimpur12%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900 Workers in shipyards
Figure1: Percentage of Ship Yards in Sitakundu Upazila
Figure2: Number of workers in Surveyed yards
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
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Working hour Day\ Hr Percentage of Labour
Average Salary per day
8 8.57 100
9 3.81 115*
10 24.76 109*
11 20 121
12 31.43 158
13 9.52 168
14 1.70 200
Working hour Day\ Hr
Percentage of Labour
Average Salary per day
6 1.83 150*
8 6.42 100*
9 6.42 115*
10 27.52 105*
11 19.27 91*
12 24.77 100*
13 13.76 110*
Table1: Working hour & Salary of Cutter groupTable2:Working hour & Salary of Plate group
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Working hour Day\ Hr
Percentage of Labour
Average Salary per day
8 16.67 90*
9 13.89 100*
10 19.44 115*
11 19.44 130*
12 8.33 150*
13 8.33 160
15 8.33 170
Table3:Working hour & Salary of Wire group
Working hour Day\ Hr
Percentage of Labour
Average Salary per day
8 10 150
10 20 150
11 30 150
12 40 108
Table4:Working hour & Salary of Hammer group
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ent
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ent
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ith
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lity
27.82%
0.88%
11.82%
56.75%
1.89% 0.88%
21.61%
0.88% 1.61% 1.89%
Facilities of labour in accident
Fig3: Facilities of Labour in Accident
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1.Very risky job / threats of accident/ fear to work on the top of the ships.
2. Hands and legs are always burned, feel pain in body and chest.
3. Too much working pressure but fewer wages.
4. Necessary tools and elements (like dresses, gloves, helmet, shoes & welding glass) are not provided.
5. No security of life.
6. Legs are often cut and injured.
Undeclared rule is “no work no money”
Major Problems of Workers
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Health Hazards
7%
85%
6% 2%
Chart TitleYes NO Nominal Sometimes
Medical facilities in Shipyards very good
%good % not good % very bad %
5.8
44.92
38.98
11.02
0
17.8
54.24
27.97
6.8
19.4899999999998
70.34
3.4
condition of food, sanitation and habitat
food
sanitation
health
Figure4:Medical Facilities in Shipyards
Figure5:Condition of food, sanitation and habitat
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Redness & Tearing
Burning sensation
Blurring vision
Blindness0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40 37
20
12
0
Different types of Eye problem
Redness and Tear-
ing
Burning sensation
Blurring Vision
Blindness
53.63%
28.98%
17.39%
0.00%
Percentage of Different Eye prob-lems
Figure6: Different types of Eye Problems Figure7: Percentage of Eye Problems
Sufferer Groups: Cutter GroupPercentages of Sufferings: Redness & Tearing 53.63%, Burning Sensation 28.98%, Blurring Vision 17.39%
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Respira-tory dis-tress and Asthma
42%Pneumoia,
Cough &
Spu-tum, Che
st pain58%
Respiratory problems
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomiti
ng
Abdomin
al pain
Gastr
ic
32
12 1211
7.50% 5% 30% 30% 28%
Abdominal problems
Percentage of WorkersN
umbe
r of W
orke
rs
percentage of workersno of workers
Figure8: Respiratory Problems Figure9: Abdominal Problems
Suffer Groups: Flame Cutter and Welding Group
Suffer Groups: Gas Cutter and Loaders & Fitters
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No PERCENTAGE
4
66.66
2
33.33
Urinary Problems
Dysuria Uremia
Figure10: Urinary Problems
57%27%
17%
Muscle problemBacj ache
Neck ache
Knee joint point
Figure11: Muscle Problems
Sufferer Group: Welding Group Sufferer Group: Loaders and Wire Puller Groups
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No PERCENTAGE
10
62.5%Itching
6
37.5%Lesion
Skin Problems
Itching Lesion
Figure12: Skin Problems
Sufferer Group: Oil Group
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Health Hazard No of workers Percentage (%) CausesEye Problem 69 100 Bright light
Fire Dust Oxyacetylene Welding Fume
Redness & tearing Burning sensation Blurring vision Blindness
37 20 12
53.63 28.98 17.39
Respiratory Problems 64 100 Smoking Asbestos dust Chromates Iso-cyanide Gas Volatiles Fire
Respiratory distress Asthma Pneumonia Cough and Sputum Chest pain
27 42.18
37 57.81
Abdominal Problems 40 100 Toxic metal Oil Irregular eating Poor quality food Unsafe drinking water Inadequate sanitation
Anorexia Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Gastric
3 2 12 12 11
7.5 5 30 30 27.5
Urinary Problems 6 100 Toxic metals TBT PCB Dust accumulation
Dysuria (painful urination) Urenia (kidney failure)
4 2
66.66 33.33
Muscle Problems 30 Excessive work load Long working Hour Monotonous work
Back ache Neck ache Knee joint pain
17 8 5
56.66 26.66 16.66
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Abdominal problems53%
Urinar
y problems8%
Muscle problems39%
Toxic metals related diseases
Figure13: Toxic metals related hazards
No of workers Percentage
64
78.8%
Bright light, Fire, Dust related diseases
Eye Problems
Figure14: Bright light, Fire, Dust related diseases
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No of workers Percentage
64
72.72%
Asbestos, Chromates, Icocynides related diseases
Respiratory Problems
Figure15: Asbestos, Chromates, Icocynides related diseases
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Hazardous materials Health hazards No of workers affected
Percentage of workers
Toxic metals Abdominal problems 40 45.45%
Urinary problems 6 6.8%
Muscle problem 30 34.09%Bright light, Fire, Dust, Oxy acetylene, Welding fume
Eye problems 69 78.40%
Asbestos dust, Chromates, Isocyanides, Volatile, Fire
Respiratory problems 64 72.72%
Oil inadequate sanitation, Unsafe drinking water
Abdominal problem 40 45.45%
PCB, TBT Urinary problem 6 6.8%PAH, Battery liquids, Oil residue, Ar, Cr Skin problem
1618.18%
Table6: Hazardous materials and Diseases
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Year Number of Fatal Incidents
Number of Deaths No of Injuries
1998 02 041999 02 122000 03 202001 01 012002 01 032003 00 002004 01 032005 03 07 012006 09 10 012007 08 08
(Compensation paid to 2)
06
2008 16 15(Compensation paid to 10)
05
Up to April 2009 08 07(Compensation paid to 6)
01
Total - In 11 years 54 90 14
Table7: Dead List of Workers
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.
CONCLUSION:
I. Workers receive potential negative health impacts from traditional working
procedures adopted in the scrapping yards such as: Cutter groups without protection
(eye problems, respiratory problems and abdominal problems). Loaders and Puller
groups (back injuries and muscle problem). Welding workers (urinary problems). Oil
groups (skin problems).
II. 78.40% of workers have been suffering from eye problems. 72.72% of cutter and
welding group have been suffering from respiratory problems. 45.45% of gas cutter,
loaders and fitters have been suffering from abdominal problems. 34.09% of loaders
and wire pullers suffered from muscle problems. 18.18% of oil groups suffered from
skin problems.
III. Most of the workers were found to suffer from multiple diseases and health hazards.
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Photographs
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