Impact of MFA Phase-Out on the World Economy -- An Intertemporal, Global General Equilibrium Analysis Xinshen Diao Trade and Macroeconomic Division International Food Policy Research Institute Agapi Somwaru Economic Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture June 2001
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Impact of MFA Phase-Out on the World Economy -- An Intertemporal, Global General Equilibrium Analysis Xinshen Diao Trade and Macroeconomic Division International.
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Impact of MFA Phase-Out onthe World Economy
-- An Intertemporal, Global General Equilibrium Analysis
Xinshen DiaoTrade and Macroeconomic Division
International Food Policy Research Institute
Agapi SomwaruEconomic Research Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
June 2001
Outline
• Introduction
• Trends in World T&A Trade
• Growth and T&A Trade
• Perspectives of a Post MFA World
Introduction
• MFA quantitatively restrains world T&A trade.
• ATC under the UR will end MFA over a 10-year period until 2005.
• The study evaluates the effects of MFA phase-out on the world economy, with developing countries focus.
Trends in World T&A Trade
• T&A trade grew 50 times, 6 billion $US in 1962 vs. 300 billion $US in 1999.
• Apparel trade grew
100 times; textile
trade 30 times; 2/3
of world T&A trade
is apparel.
Figure 1.World Textile and Apparel Exports
(In Billions US Dollars)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98
ApparelTextileAll
Trends in World T&A Trade
• The ICs dominated world T&A trade though 1990
Figure 3.Share in World Textile and Apparel Exports
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94
ICs
LDCs
Trends in World T&A Trade
• The ICs import 70% of T&A traded in the world.
• The EU imports 40 – 50% of T&A traded in the world.
Figure 5.Shares in World Textile and Apparel Imports
0
20
40
60
80
62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94
All ICs
EU
US
Trends in World T&A Trade
• 50% of the EU’s imports are intra-EU trade
Figure 6.Share of Intra-Industrial Countries' Trade in Industrial
Countries Total Imports
20
40
60
80
62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94
Textile
Apparel
All
Growth and T&A Trade
• Data for 91 countries over 37 years• Time-series and cross-section
estimation between trade share and GDP per capita
• Total trade• Total nonagricultural trade• Agricultural trade• Textile and apparel trade
Table 5. Share of textile and apparel in GDP T&A value-added (1) Exports (2)Developing countries China 5.26 5.38 India 3.25 2.64 Other Asia 3.02 3.89 Middle East 1.36 1.68 Former Soviet Union 1.32 0.43 O. Latin America 3.29 0.16 E. Europe 2.86 3.10 O. Africa 2.14 1.08 Mexico and Caribbean 3.29 3.00Industrial countries N. America 1.22 0.18 EU 1.06 0.40 Australia and New Zealand 0.87 0.47 Japan, Korea and Taiwan 1.20 0.86(1) GDP at factor cost(2) GDP at expenditureData source: GTAP database version 5.
Conclusions
• 70% of T&A traded go to ICs; an open and free trade market in ICs is important for LDCs to keep their growth momentum
• 50% of IC markets, especially EU market, not available to
LDCs
• Regression results show a strong linkage between T&A trade
and income growth
• More T&A traded post MFA; LDCs export more
• Asian countries gain market share; countries free from MFA
lose
• Welfare gains in the countries restrained by MFA and ICs
• A compensation policy for the countries free from MFA needed