Impact of Garments Industry in Bangladesh economy To evaluate the econonlic in1pacts of [Th1G sector in Bangladesh in tenns of GOP, GNP, National incorne and Total exports. t· 1'1 ,I I" ·1 1'\"1 'I' I' I "., I To eval uate t he sod al in1 pacts of Rl\1G sector in Bangladesh in tenns of wonlen en1powern1ent, savings, child la bor, population control and enlployn1ent. \ , ,,\ I t I," I \1 I I _ I
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Impact of Garments Industry in Bangladesh economy
To evaluate the econonlic in1pacts of [Th1G sector in Bangladesh in tenns of GOP, GNP, National incorne and Total exports.
t· 1'1 ,I I" ·1 1'\"1 'I' I' I "., I
To eval uate t he sod al in1 pacts of Rl\1G sector in Bangladesh in tenns of wonlen en1powern1ent, savings, child la bor, population control and enlployn1ent.
\ , ,,\ I t I," I \1 I I I~ _ I
PROJECT REPORT
ON
(BUS-498)
Impact of Garments Industry in Bangladesh Economy
Supervisor
Prof. Dr. Tanbir Ahmed Chowdhury
Dean & Chairperson
Department of Business Administration
East West University
Submitted By
Md. Atiqur Rahman
ill: 2011-3-10-031
Department of Business Administration
East West University
Date of Submission: 20th August, 2015
EAST WEST UNIVERSITY
Letter of Transmittal
_oth August, 2015
Prof. Dr. Tanbir Ahmed Chowdhury
Dean & Chairperson
Department of Business Administration
East West University
ubject: Submission of Project Report on "Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh
Economy"
Dear Sir,
It gives me immense pleasure to submit my report "Impact of Garments Industry In
Bangladesh Economy" which was assigned to me as a fulfilment of the course Bus-498,
. Bachelor of Business Administration' .
Vhile making this report I came across many hurdles and pleasant experience. But valuable
experiences I have gained during the period will undoubtedly benefit me in the years ahead. This
report attempts to describe my observations, learning's and experienced gained about the RMG
industry of Bangladesh. Despite the several constraints, I gave my all efforts to make this report
3 meaning one.
I have tried sincerely to comprehend and translate my knowledge in writing this report. My effort
viII be rewarded only if it adds value to the research literature. I enjoyed this project work and
) adly attend any of you call to clarify on my point, if necessary.
incerely,
~:~r./..t~ ID: 2011-3-10-031
Mobile: +8801931465646
Bachelor of Business Administration
East West University
Acknowledgement
At the very beginning, I would like to convey my sincere appreciation to almighty Allah for
giving me the strength and the ability to finish task within the planned time.
I am thankful for the help and assistance of various people who helped me while working on this
report. Appreciation from different people has helped me to present a satisfactory report. In
addition, I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. Tanbir Ahmed Chowdhury for his kind
guidance, advice, help, effort and encouragement when preparing this report on RMG Industry of
Bangladesh, Problems & Prospects. Without his instruction, this report could not be possible to
~uare.
-\ the event ofthe report submission I sincerely remember all ofthem.
-\ugust 20,2015
East West University,
vhaka.
ii
INI)EX
lpact of Garments Industry in Bangladesh Economy
er of Transmittal
-\ lmowledgement
ecutive Summary
SL.No content PG. No# Cbapter-l Introduction 1-7
1.1 An Overview of Garments Industry in
Bangladesh.
1.2 Literature Review
1.3. Objective of the study.
1.4. Scope and methodology.
1.5. Limitation of the study.
1.6. Conclusion
Cbapter-2 Review of Industry and facilities 2.1. Introduction 8-17 2.2. Exported RMG items from Bangladesh. 2.3. Major exporting country description. 2.4. Export facilities by the foreign countries. 2.5. Future potential Market for Bangladesh in RMG. 2.6. Social Benefits of RMG sector 2.7 Value of Total appeal Export 2.8. Main Apparel Items Exporting from Bangladesh 2.9. Conclusion.
iii
Chapter-3 An Overview of Garments Industry In 18-29 Bangladesh Economy 3.1. Garment Industry Analysis. 3.2. Investment In RMG 3.3. RMG Contribution to Export. 3.4. RMG Macro contribution to the Economy 3.5. RMG vs. other sector contribution to the Economy 3.6. Assistance of Bangladesh Government to RMG. 3.7 Conclusion.
Chapter-4 Findings analysis 30-39 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Limitation of Garments Industry 4.3. Restriction of government. 4.4. Financial Help restriction 4.5. Loan received limitation. 4.6. Forward and Backward Expansion 4.7. Conclusion.
Chapter-5 Recommendation and conclusion 40-49 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Discuss about the findings. 5.3. Discuss about the Limitation of the study. 5.4. Recommendation for solving Problem 5.5. Conclusion.
Reference 50-51 Apendix
iv
Executive Summary
Readymade Garments (RMG) is a great prospect for the Bangladesh Economy especially in
Exporting. Almost 80% of total export covers from this Sector. RMG impact a lot in the
economy of Bangladesh such as contribution a large portion in the GDP (Gross Domestic
Product) , Contribution to the GNP (Gross national Product), Economic Empowerment
especially for Women because 80% of The Garments Worker are Women. The Readymade
Garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh tells an impressive story of country successful transition
to\ ards a major export t- oriented economy. Starting its journey in the late 1970s with relatively
small investment, the industry, the industry flourished in 1980 and 1990 and has become the
argest industry in Bangladesh. The contributory factors of the RMG industry in Bangladesh are
global trading agreement, cheap labor cost, government policy support and dynamic private
entrepreneurship. All these things have helped Bangladesh to gain a handsome share in the
global garment business. From early 1990 onwards the RMG industry has become the largest
·oreign exchange earning sector in the economy. In 2013-14, Bangladesh earned nearly $ 20
. ill ion by exporting garment products and RMG cover 75 percent of the total export of the
-ountry, having the lion ' s share of the country' s exchange. Contribution ofRMG is very positive
Bangladesh economy, sharing 18percent of the total national GDP. Moreover the industry has
::>eCOme a vehicle for further industrialization of the country then accelerated to its journey with
e commitment to the society to build prosperous Industrial backbone for socioeconomic
evelopment of the country. After almost ten economic years, it has established a number of
i ersified and potential buyers throughout the world for manufacturing and marketing of a wide
ariety of consumers and export oriented products . . The Industry believes in 'Quality never ends'
and refuses to settle for anything until it exceeds the existing standard. The company has been
_warded with the ISO-9001: 2000 Certificate in January 2003 for serving its valued customers
. ith products of excellent quality. As the principal aims and objectives of this industry, are to
mprove professionalism in the contemporary garments ware business arena as well as to realize
- e authentic demands of garment goods throughout the 3rd world countries. Bangladesh
rgan izes seminars, discussion forums, workshops, professional training Growth of Ready Made
Garments in Bangladesh courses, continuing education programs, cultural events and publishes
-ewsletters etc. as parts of its professional activities. All this activities has been done to observe
the actual current SWOT analysis circumstances of the organization. By which the executive
v
board gets some feasible idea of future strategic moves of the organization. Because, fairly a well
established human resource management can built a constructive organization likewise some
constructive organizations can build a modern country. However, nowadays HR Department is
onsiderate as the Mutual Bridge of making evenly understandable decisions between all the
departments among an organization. How and why is that? The answer is - "Since each
department is Human Oriented and HRM deals with every individual human being or employee
working in an organization, this statement is true as well as valid one. So HRM decrease the
distances and conflicts between the employees of all the departments as well as enhance the
\ ork efficiency of the workforce which eventually results a certain amount of profit
maximization for the companionship. Finally a profitable Industry must contribute to the
economy of the country' s development.
vi
" Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Economy"
Chapter 1 :Introduction
1.1 An Overview of Garments Industry in Bangladesh.
1 .2 Literature Review
1.3. Objective of the study.
1.4. Scope and methodology.
1.5. Limitation of the study.
1.6. Conclusion
"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Economy"
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1An Overview of Garments Industry In Bangladesh:
The Ready-Made Garments (RMG) industry occupies a unique position in the Bangladesh economy. It is
:he largest exporting industry in Bangladesh, which experienced phenomenal growth during the last 25
: ears. By taking advantage of an insulated market under the provision of Multi Fiber Agreement (MFA) of
GATT, it attained a high profile in terms of foreign exchange earnings, exports, industrialization and
:ontribution to GDP within a short span of time. The industry plays a key role in employment generation
md in the provision of income to the poor. Nearly four million workers are directly and more than twelve
illion inhabitants are indirectly associated with the industry. Over the past twenty five years, the number
- . manufacturing units has grown from 180 to over 4000. The sector has also played a significant role in
c socio-economic development of the country. The quota came to an end at 2004 but it continued to show
ust performance, competitive strength and, of no less importance, social commitment. RMG's
tribution to Bangladesh economy is well-known, well-appreciated and well-respected. Garments
ustry is the largest export industry for our country and it contributes 75% of total export. The industry is
50ciated with its strength, weakness, threat and opportunity. In this study an attempt has been made to
. : ribe the overall scenario of Bangladesh Ready Made Garments industry. At this time of free economy
_ . .:ryone may be interested to know about the largest export industry and the mechanism of doing business
. The present study has been undertaken with consideration of this fact.
- RMG industry is the only multi-billion-dollar manufacturing and export industry in Bangladesh.
-ereas the industry contributed only 0.001 per cent to the country's total export earnings in 1976, its
increased to about 80 per cent of those earnings in 2014. Bangladesh exported garments worth the
alent of $7.9 billion in 2014, which was about 2.5 per cent of the global total value ($276 billion) of
ent exports. The country's RMG industry grew by more than 15 per cent per annum on average during
ast 15 years. The foreign exchange earnings and employment generation of the RMG sector have been
:;easing at double-digit rates from year to year. Currently, there are more than 4,000 RMG firms in
gJadesh. More than 95 per cent of those firms are locally owned with the exception of a few foreign
- - - located in export processing zones (Gonzales, 2002). The RMG firms are located mainly in three
cities: the capital city Dhaka, the port city Chittagong and the industrial city Narayangonj.
:! adesh RMG firms vary in size. Based on Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters
"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Economy"
iation (BGMEA) data, Mainuddin (2000) found that in 1997 more than 75 per cent of the firms
__ 'oyed a maximum of 400 employees each. Garment companies in Bangladesh form formal or informal
~ s. Ready-made garments manufactured in Bangladesh are divided mainly into two broad categories:
. en and knit products. Shirts, T-shirts and trousers are the main woven products and undergarments,
- --. stockings, T-shirts, sweaters and other casual and soft garments are the main knit products. Woven
ent products still dominate the garment export earnings of the country. The share of knit garment
- cts has been increasing since the early 1990s; such products currently account for more than 40 per
of the country' s total RMG export earnings (BGMEA website). Although various types of garments
_ ;nanufactured in the country, only a few categories, such as shirts, T-shirts, trousers, jackets and
~ers, constitute the major production-share (BGMEA website; and Nath, 2001). Economies of scale for
~~ -scale production and export-quota holdings in the corresponding categories are the principal reasons
_ ch a narrow product concentration.
Literature Review:
~l authors have analyzed aspects of the garment industry in Bangladesh. Of the various aspects of the
- ~, the problems and the working conditions of female workers have received the greatest attention.
y by Md. Salim Uddin and Mohammed Abu lahed (2007) revealed that how the RMG sector is
uting as prime mover of the socio economic development of Bangladesh. According to them, the
ents industry has been leading the Bangladesh economy since the early 1990s. Garments are the
-rry ' s biggest export making up about three quarters of total exports, and the industry is a symbol of the
:ry"s dynamism in the world economy. The industry is also the main non-farm formal sector creating
~ment opportunities for the poor. The greater part of the workforce is female, less educated, and has
_ .:..:ed from rural areas. Thus, the garment industry is seen as contributing to poverty reduction in
esh by providing employment opportunities with higher wages for the poor who would otherwise
gaged in low-wage economic activities in rural areas. There was much discussion about the survival
-. gladesh's garment industry prior to the final phase out of the Multi-Fiber Agreement (MFA) from 1
2005 which was expected to greatly intensify competition in the international garment market. One
ost influential forecasts was that only China and India would gain from the MFA phase out and
3:mgladesh and other smaller suppliers of garments would lose out. Fortunately, there was no
~ .; ate major adverse effect in Bangladesh. Garment exports to the United States grew over the whole
"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Economy"
-, while those to ED declined only slightly. However, the prospects for the industry in Bangladesh
certain and the future trend in garment exports needs to be watched.
J reg gajewski & Alex Riley (2005) discussed about Bangladesh' s export trade practices and their
on the competitiveness of the garment industry. They said, a wide body of evidence suggests that
~ openness to trade and greater export competitiveness contribute to higher rates of economic
"tn. Export competitiveness depends, in part, on Customs and other administrative export trade
.-... .. _,-,es, as well as on the efficiency of port operations and the transportation linkages between the ports
--e main centers of export production.
y by Munir Quddus & Salim Rashid looks at the aspects of garments exports from Bangladesh. They
:=.arized that, the success of readymade garment exports from Bangladesh over the past two decades
assed the most optimistic expectations. The paper reviews the literature on this industry, presents
: data on the sector's performance, and evaluates future trends in the international and domestic
g industry. More specifically, the paper evaluates the negative impact of the 1998 floods on the
--"'~-'-'"'-.' '. It concludes that although the impact of the flood was unexpectedly benign, the entrepreneurs
portant challenges from the health of the domestic banking sector, the East Asian economic crisis,
--e deregulation of the global clothing business as a result of the phasing out of the Multi-fibre
e:~ent in the year 2005.
- particular study we will be focusing on the contribution of garments sector in the economy of
.:. '" esh, the involvement of women workforce in this sector. We will also highlight the ways to
',e the efficiency of the labor force, the foreign earnings through the export of garments products. In
- part, we will have some recommendation as well as concluding remarks.
Objective of the study.
- in Objectives of the report to complete the project work on "Impact of Garments Industry in
_ "" esh Economy". The overall scenario of RMG sector in Bangladesh are shown here. Possibility of
... tOr and future prediction are shown here.
"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Econom)"
: us on the following issues, particularly:
--e contribution of GDP on Bangladesh economy through garments industry
- e effective utilization of labor by the garments of Bangladesh
Jarticipation of women in the garments sector
Foreign earnings through garments sector
~onstraints faced by the garments of Bangladesh
Proposed recommendation
. Scope and methodology.
ent is now the largest export earner m Bangladesh. Bangladeshi garments ware increasingly
ing visible in the market of developing countries. Bangladesh is one of the leading readymade
ents exporters of the world. Every year Bangladesh exports more than one third of the total garments
ments of the RMG market of the world. Every year Bangladesh earns more than 76% of its foreign
~ cy from this sector. For the high progress in the sector efficient fashion merchandising is essential,
included proper dealing to buyer, high quality production, proper shipment on due date etc. Fashion
_ and ising is therefore plays a very important role in the garments factory and other industries to
the quality and other competitive requirement to survive in the market. It is very necessary to have
. good merchandiser in the industry to survive in the market, to run a factory successfully in this
petitive market. The "Fashion merchandiser" profession has recently emerged as one of the most sorts
~ eers among the fashion designer. The designers have their own creative style of dressing and believe
_ecing a trend rather than following a trend set by other. A career in fashion design not only involves
g glamorous people and interacting with rich and famous but also gives a impetus to the creative
:- the people who possess a sense of style. The major functional areas in the industry are dressing
--.-- -. cutting the cloth, sewing the pieces together and finally merchandising popularizing and
_.-i-.r-.... g of the various style and products done through ramp show and fashion write-ups. Fashion
__ ......... =..;.uising is the promotion of apparel sales and involves all of the tanks necessary to deliver the
"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Economy"
_~ and meet the needs of potential customers and advertisements, directing, manufacturing
_-..::-- 5 and creating sales strategies are all part of the job. Fashion merchandising also refers to the
tion that must be done in order to ensure that the merchandise is accessible and appealing
it' s intended for. Fashion merchandiser has responsibility to design and create visually
• ;:- Iays or exhibits of merchandise and to erect main store decoration in commercial retail
_m-:::::.s. They create the look, feel and mood of the store. Bangladesh has recently come to the
~ .... ith the world demand the local market is also altering itself to rapid changes in fashion
_ ': esh' s largest sector garments/textiles is recently looking for Fashion merchandiser and
- - some boundaries. The following points delineate those boundaries .
." ysis does not consider worldwide comprehensive study of woven enterprises. The reason is
.. investigation is not feasible. Moreover, in highly fragmented industries like that of woven
-.:::.e:::.:s. companies especially those of Bangladesh do not compete with each other rather compete
- Ie industry with the exporting countries in the destination markets.
___ 5e of the highly fragmented nature of the industry even in the domestic market (with about
en producers present in different parts of the woven garments value chain), aggregation of
-.tl"!"'""_c:--es could not be provided. Rather, a whole view point of the industry has been taken. This
. -e researchers of this study not to use financial aggregation as well since only a few woven
IK:::::;;!cs industries (not more than 5) are enlisted with the stock exchange.
~ ysis has been confined to the key markets of the woven markets. The markets where
_ -esb occasionally exports or where the amount of export is very small, those markets are
_ ........ ---...: from the scope of the study.
"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Fconomy"
-...-....I~g requests and meet the needs of potential customers and advertisements, directing, manufacturing
- ':) keting and creating sales strategies are all part of the job, Fashion merchandising also refers to the
preparation that must be done in order to ensure that the merchandise is accessible and appealing
ustomers it's intended for. Fashion merchandiser has responsibility to design and create visually
j e displays or exhibits of merchandise and to erect main store decoration in commercial retail
- ; hments. They create the look, feel and mood of the store. Bangladesh has recently come to the
- Along with the world demand the local market is also altering itself to rapid changes in fashion
--. Bangladesh' s largest sector garments/textiles is recently looking for Fashion merchandiser and
_ : skilled technical personnel.
srudy has some boundaries. The following points delineate those boundaries.
-:. The analysis does not consider worldwide comprehensive study of woven enterprises. The reason is
that such investigation is not feasible. Moreover, in highly fragmented industries like that of woven
garments, companies especially those of Bangladesh do not compete with each other rather compete
as a whole industry with the exporting countries in the destination markets .
... Because of the highly fragmented nature of the industry even in the domestic market (with about
400 woven producers present in different parts of the woven garments value chain), aggregation of
enterprises could not be provided. Rather, a whole view point of the industry has been taken. This
limits the researchers of this study not to use financial aggregation as well since only a few woven
garments industries (not more than 5) are enlisted with the stock exchange.
-:. The analysis has been confined to the key markets of the woven markets. The markets where
Bangladesh occasionally exports or where the amount of export is very small, those markets are
excluded from the scope of the study.
"Impact ofGarmcnts Industry In Bangladcsh Economy"'
I.Research design
_ dy, given the nature ofthe objectives, has a descriptive research design. Since this study is going to
e of the earliest studies with similar objectives about the woven garments sector, the research would
.- 'reporting' kind. According to Cooper and Schindler (2003), at the very elementary level a ' reporting
.. is done to provide an account, or to make a summation of data, or to generate some statistics. They
_ 3.lso argued that a reporting study requires very little inference. However, the current study answers
... and 'why' of Macro environment, industry and competitive conditions, and thus, requires a great
of inference. Hence, the current study would be more appropriately termed as a descriptive
-. Therefore, the research design for the study is descriptive research design .
. Primary sources
.. earchers collected the industry data organizing one focus group discussions (FGD) and a number of
ey informant interviews (KII). The participants in the FGD was chosen from the industry experts
nship mangers of banks who look after the woven garments clients) and managers and owners of
garments companies in Bangladesh. Due to time limitation, the participants were chosen through
aJ contacts and participants' willingness to participate in the discussion. Similar method of selection
~n applied for interviewing the key informant. The key informants considered were senior managers
. and senior research officials of Bangladesh Garments Manufacturers and Exporters' Association.
e enterprise level data through key informant interview. The list of questions to interview the key
ants and to inquire in FGD has been developed by the researchers themselves (please see appendix) .
. Secondary sources
chers have explored the following secondary sources to meet the objectives of the report.
8ata inventory of Bangladesh Export Promotion Bureau Bangladesh (EPB) relating to readymade
garments export.
:)ata inventory of Bangladesh Garments Manufactures' and Exporters' Association (BGMEA).
cports of the Ministry of Commerce, Government of Bangladesh (GoB).
-line news archive of newspapers and news agencies home and abroad.
"Impact ofGarmcnts Industry In Bangladesh Economy"
• Books and journals at the library of Institute of Business Administration and University Press
Limited.
• Websites of the statistical departments of various countries (USA and European Union in
particular) .
. . Limitation of the study.
urrent study is limited by a number of factors. First, the participants for FGD and KII have been
-al conveniently. Second, the list of questions for FGD and KII has been developed from the scratch by
:esearchers themselves. However, these limitations are not likely to invalidate the conclusions. The
ns are the following. First, the researchers will depend on both primary and secondary sources.
d. the primary sources have been bifurcated into managers of woven garments companies in
.:. adesh, and industry experts. Third, the list of questions has been checked for recasting by the
... tor of the course. The refinement of the list of questions following the suggestions of such an expert
_........" ""es the relevance and reliability of the questions asked. Hence, these two approaches ensure cross-
:..nion of information needed to fulfill the objectives of the report.
Conclusion
eady-Made Garments (RMG) industry occupies a unique position in the Bangladesh economy. It is
. gest exporting industry in Bangladesh, which experienced phenomenal growth during the last 25
_ By taking advantage of an insulated market under the provision of Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) of
~. it attained a high profile in terms of foreign exchange earnings, exports, industrialization and
ution to GOP within a short span of time. The industry plays a key role in employment generation
-, the provision of income to the poor. To remain competitive in the post-MFA phase, Bangladesh
- 0 remove all the structural impediments in the transportation facilities, telecommunication network,
\ er supply, management of seaport, utility services and in the law and order situation. The
ent and the RMG sector would have to jointly work together to maintain competitiveness in the
RM.G market. Given the remarkable entrepreneurial initiatives and the dedication of its workforce,
. esh can look forward to advancing its share of the global RMG market.
"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Economy"
Chapter 2:Review of Industry and facilities
: .1 . Introduction
=_. Exported RMG items from Bangladesh.
: . .,. Major exporting country description.
:. . Export facilities by the foreign countries.
: . ~. Future potential Market for Bangladesh in RMG.
_ 6. Social Benefits ofRMG sector
Value of Total appeal Export
- . Main Apparel Items Exporting from Bangladesh
- . Conclusion.
"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Economy"
Chapter 2: Review of Industry and facilities
•. 1. Introduction
--.e RMG sector of Bangladesh has set itself an export target of $50 billion by 2021. The target appears
ghtly ambitious and quite a few people are skeptical about its attainability. In the backdrop of
ounced skepticism of some quarters, the wisest thing would be to remove the existing road blocks .
• understand, to achieve a target of this magnitude in only seven years, will require a steady growth of
. :md 13 per cent in export income per year. Bangladesh exported readymade garments worth $ 24.5
ion during the last financial year. A growth of 13 per cent in one year means an increase by 3.25 million
rt income mainly comes from the USA and the European countries. Canada is also a big market. But
~onomies of the developed countries have not been able to come out of the recent recession as yet.
is a continuing sluggish trend in growth. Therefore, it may not be possible for the developed
tries to reciprocate by buying more or paying more. Our export of RMG products to the developed
tri es mostly comprises cheap items and export of high value items. Export of mid·value items like,
blazers, synthetic and polyester dresses is also not very encouraging, which suggests that the export
et needs to be diversified to prosper. That is, the number of importing countries will have to be
ed which is no mean a task. Despite the odds, the encouraging feature is, export to countries outside
Canada and Europe is increasing every year. Turkey, Russia, Japan, India, China, Australia, Brazil
- e been added to the list of buyers. It is predicted that China might emerge as a prospective buyer
_ :.3.king the European countries by 2015. Increased export calls for increased production and more
•. reneurs are needed for increased production. At the same time, infrastructural facilities like, land,
. ity, gas, road, railways, port etc. Skilled workers alongside efficient administration are also
:ed. Special attention has to be paid to the training the workers.
~ p of entrepreneurs claim that they have acquired enough efficiency over the last few decades and are
• equipped with the expertise to meet the challenge of achieving increased production during the next
: ears. Another group is of the opinion that foreign investment should be allowed for production and
export. We have a big challenge ahead of us which should be faced equally by entrepreneurs,
ent, owners and labor organizations. Howsoever large it is, RMG industry is not the lone pillar of
. ustrial sector. Small and cottage industry sector is also flourishing and has immense potential.
"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Economy"
- are also extending financial help to the entrepreneurs of this sector. It is necessary to set up textile
ther linkage industries to help the RMG sector. Similarly, alongside capitalizing the potential of
- sector in Bangladesh. The economy of Bangladesh is largely dependent on agriculture. However, the
-: ade garments sector has experienced an exponential growth since the 1980s. The sector contributes
_ -candy to the GDP. It also provides employment to around 4.2 million Bangladeshis, mainly women
low income families.
Exported RMG items from Bangladesh.
5 adesh has become famous for exporting knit wears. Knitting industry is now also a rapid growing
- my in Bangladesh. Knitted goods are now most preferable to export to the textile industries. Among
00 fabrics the top ten categories we mention bellow-
,> T -shirts, singlets & other vests, knitted or crocheted, of cotton.
'. Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waist-coats & similar articles, knitted or crocheted, of textile
materials, n.e.s.
-=- Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waist-coats & similar articles, knitted or crocheted, of cotton.
:. Men's or boys' shirts, knitted or crocheted, of cotton.
T -shirts, singlets & other vests, knitted or crocheted, of textile material other than cotton.
". Women's or girls' briefs & panties, knitted or crocheted, of cotton.
• Women's or girls' blouses, shirts & shirt-blouses, knitted or crocheted, of cotton.
Women's or girls' trousers, bib & brace overalls, breeches & shorts, knitted or crocheted, of cotton.
-=- Men's or boys' trousers, bib & brace overalls, breeches & shorts, knitted or crocheted, of cotton.
_ these Bangladesh also exports various garments made from woven fabrics. Some non-woven and
- - ric are being exported to many countries.
"'Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Economy"
_.3. Major exporting region description.
ropean Market:
--e European companies purchasing readymade garments from Bangladesh must share the responsibilities,
exercise control and promote acceptable standards in factories. The AFET chair reiterated that he
-hed to see the government of Bangladesh implementing measures in the readymade garment industry,
. eh would ensure concrete improvements in workplace safety and labor rights. The European Union
=:,,) and Bangladesh on Tuesday urged the foreign buyers, particularly the European companies, to remain
.: ged in and work with both the EU and Bangladesh to support and promote socially responsible supply
:15.
h American Market:
) adesh has experienced some product diversification in its export of garments to the United States
"et in recent years compared with the early 1990s. However, the country' s performance in upgrading
roducts is not significant with regard to the United States market (Haider, 2006).The country
·enced a sharp increase in the export of garment products to the United States market in the 1990s,
:. ed declines in export earnings from that country in 2002 and 2003, followed by slow increases since
..!. . The exports of India also increased rapidly in the 1990s,aIthough that country experienced
:Jaratively slow progress in the last few years. However, the RMG exports of China to the United
- - have increased at a startling rate over the years. For example, the textile a
Export facilities by the foreign countries.
. free 46 RMG export items to India
ercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) of section 25 of the Customs Act, 1962 (52 of 1962),
upersession of the notification of the Government of India, in the Ministry of Finance (Department
_ "enue), No. 107/2008-Customs, dated the 6th October, 2008 [G.S.R. 718 (E), dated the 6th October,
= except as respects things done or omitted to be done before such supersession, the Central
"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Economy"
ernment, being satisfied that it is necessary in the public interest so to do, hereby exempts the goods of
~ description specified in column (3) of the Table hereto annexed and falling under the Chapter, heading,
heading or tariff item of the First Schedule to the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 (51 of 1975), as specified
:he corresponding entry in column (2) of the said Table, when imported into India from a country listed
_-\PPENDIX to this notification from the whole of the duty of customs leviable thereon under the said
; :st Schedule_
-ided that the importer proves to the satisfaction of the Deputy Commissioner of Customs or Assistant
issioner of Customs, as the case may be, that the goods in respect of which the benefit of this
!::lption is claimed are of the origin of the country listed in the APPENDIX in accordance with the Rules
. :::>etermination of Origin of Goods under the Agreement on South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA),
I . published in the notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of Finance (Department
etIue) No 75/2006-Customs, (NT) dated the 30th June,2006.
: Free Quota Free (DFQF) export items to China
Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Bangladesh presents its compliments to the Ministry of
:nerce, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh and has the honor to inform that starting
I July 2010, the Government of China will provide zero tariff treatment to 4762 products originated
Bangladesh and other 32 Least Developed Countries (in accordance with 2010 China Customs
enclature), accounting for 60% of all taxable items of China. Since 2001, China has been gradually
- . ng zero tariff treatment to certain amount of products from 41 Least Developed Countries (LDCs).
- now, China has been providing zero tariff treatment to about 1000 products from LDCs, which cover
all the products those countries exported to China. In 2008, the LDCs export to China accounted for
of their total export volume; making China the largest export market for LDCs. China will continue to
:e the range of products from LDCs that enjoy zero tariff treatment with the aim to increase the ratio
'"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Economy"
.. Future potential Market for Bangladesh in RMG.
_ jme when European and US markets are shrinking for Bangladeshi apparel exports, the news that one
- biggest names in Swedish retail industry H&M has decided to double its business to US$3 billion in
_ adesh over the next five years is welcome news indeed. The move by the global giant that sources its
-'""rials from some 250 factories in Bangladesh goes to show the growing confidence of foreign buyers in
-mre trajectory of the country as a global player in readymade garments (RMG) industry. The fact that
~G sector has responded to calls for taking initiatives to improve the wellbeing of its workers by
of opening up health and recreational facilities is helping to improve its image as a responsible
to foreign buyers. It is not only the Scandinavians who have faith in Bangladesh's potential to
=rIe the country of choice for sourcing different types of garments, the Peoples' Republic of China is set
orne a multi-billion dollar destination market for our products. With China's labor wages hitting new
_ -. the country has been eying Bangladesh as a major destination to shift the production base for the
.: apparels segment. Coupled with the granting of import tax waiver on 4,721 products that include
ents, the country has the potential of developing an alternative destination to the falling European and
kets, which till date, constitute 87 per cent of the share ofRMG sector's nearly $19 billion annual
basket. However, for Bangladesh to take advantage of potentially significant foreign direct
.-;i'~~ent from China, it would have to make serious improvement in infrastructure, particularly in
- .mication and energy sectors. Long tailbacks on highways, limited inland transportation options, and
- .:ient cargo handling capacity at Chittagong port adds to Bangladesh's woes for meeting buyer lead
The constant power crunch industry faces is another constricting issue for growth. With little chance
. g reliable gas from public utility service providers, the industry is having to count millions by way
:_ erating own power. Such a scenario has severely curtailed expansion of production base for the
- sector as a whole. Unless these basic problems are tackled in the next two to three years, the
. of opportunity that have presented themselves for the apparels industry will be lost.
~ cial Benefits of RMG Sector
" Sllt'r Empowerment and the Garment Industry
- e 1980s, RMG was the first industry to provide large-scale employment opportunities to women in
esh, in a country where women traditionally did not work outside their home. Recent research by
- r Rachel Heath (University of Washington) and Professor Mushfiq Mobarak (The International
"[mpact of Garments Industry [n Bangladesh Econom)-"
," th Centre and Yale University) draws attention to the significant benefits of having access to factory
- on gender empowennent, even beyond the income opportunity, from data spanning thirty years in
gJadesh. Comparing girls living in areas within commuting distance to a factory to both their brothers
- to other girls from villages not within commuting distance, Mobarak and Heath found a systematic
of proximity to gannent factories on the postponement of marriage and childbirth age. These effects
~ even more striking for girls aged between 12 and 18, where early marriage is more likely to have
. ental effects on a girl's level of educational achievement and resulting job opportunities. Analyzing
spective data, Mobarak and Heath find that roughly 14.8 percentage points of the national gain in
. ' enrolment rates over that period, can be attributed to the growth in the gannent export industry. The
-y also highlighted how the proximity to gannent factories is associated with a reduced gender
tion gap. Such evidence sheds some light on how the RMG sector has contributed to female
_ werment across and within Bangladeshi households. As factories open up and economic opportunities
villages, households decide to invest in the education of daughters, due to the perceived increase in
:;ns from schooling in the labor market. Furthennore, as girls find jobs in the gannent sector, they tend
_ stpone marriage and childbirth. Strikingly, the effect of taking up a job in the gannent sector on the
. s::ponement of marriage and childbirth tends to be larger in the households where women had no
_ . . ous experience of work outside of home.
eco-friendly RMG sector
. puzzling to note that gannents industry, a prime foreign exchange earner, has been left to its own
· ;:es to grow listlessly without sustainability built into the sector. As long as it minted money, the
· ~ent and the industry owners were lulled into a complacent mode, thinking their position in the
- market is invincible. But we have been rudely awakened by the Tazreen factory fire disaster. It has
JlJy opened a Pandora's box as safety standards and environmental issues came under a closer scrutiny
wide. In this backdrop, an International Finance Corporation sponsored study has come out with
useful recommendations. It has concluded that taking to eco-friendly production methods in textile
· ;:Iothing industry could enable it to save up to $150m per year in cost-cutting tenns. At the same time it
ake the sector competitive and sustainable. Basically, the process is sought to be introduced on a
scale through adopting efficient use of water and energy. Of course, cleaner, environment-friendly
tion techniques, need to be only underpinned by effluent treatment plant in every factory. Already,
-~k Bangladesg apparel (pvt.) Limited has led the way in Chittagong Export Processing Zone by
"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Economy"
~plementing 'green measures'. These have had benefits by way of improving energy and water efficiency
: stems together with developing a recycling process to reduce pollution of air, land and water. Vegetation
- the factories helps reduce emission of carbon monoxide and cool the environs. Obviously, it would
~ uire more than a study to prevail upon all concerned to try and reap the multiple dividends of greener
:roduction techniques. First, the stakeholders will have to get their act together; second, the government
d the BGMEA should engage each other towards preparing a working plan; third, a facilitating role of
e government will be welcome; and last, but not least, the workers will have to be retrained in the new
:1 s of production. In the ultimate analysis, worker's rights hold the key to taking the garment sector
-- :-ward to the next step in a sustainable way.
mpliance with all national laws and regulations
.::anizations are required to abide by all applicable laws, regulations and standards applicable to its
·:ticular industry under the national laws of the countries where the organization is doing business.
- uld the legal requirements and the standards of the industry contlict, organizations must comply with
laws of the country in which the products are being manufactured. Organizations should, however,
·e to meet industry standards whenever possible. If state or local legal requirements apply to the
ganization's manufacturing activities, they must comply with the state and local requirements.
proving Human Rights:
than 40 participants from Bangladeshi businesses, government agencies, trade unions and civil
iety organizations came together in Dhaka early this month to identify concrete actions to improve3
an right condition in Bangladesh.
~ multi-stakeholder forum was organized as part of the Pillars in Practice programmed a joint initiative
-:be CSR Centre (Bangladesh), Social Accountability International (USA) and the Danish Institute of
an Right. The objective of the project is to help companies, government agencies and civil society
_ izations implement the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. The Pillars in Practice
Jeet has been ongoing since October 2012, and has conducted wide consultation toward identifying
n rights challenges in the RMG sector and devising actions to address them.
"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Econol11)"
Value of Total appeal Export:
Woven Knit total
2010·2011 8432.4 9482.06 17914.46
2011·2012 9603.34 9486.35 19089.69
2012·2013 11039.85 10475.88 21515.73
2013·2014 12442.07 12049.81 24491 .88
2014·2015 13064.61 12426.79 25491.4
!!fCe : BGMEA(Bangladesh Garments Manufacturer and Exporters Association)
30000
20000
10000
o
_ :e: Shows Total Appareal Export.
• Woven
Knit
total
5
"Impact of Garments Industr) In Bangladesh Econom) "
~ain Apparel Items Exporting from Bangladesh
YEAR SHIRTS TROUSERS JACKETS T- SWEATER SHIRT
2010-2011 1566.42 4164.16 1887.5 4696.57 2488.19
2011-2012 1733.54 4686.39 2231.16 4713.11 2340.34
1972.89 5185.48 2634.28 5143.22 2620.73
2173.73 5690.78 2973.16 5863.81 2932.94
2014-2015 2271.43 5697.83 3183.17 6064.13 2829.16
e: BGMEA(Bangladesh Garments Manufacturer and Exporters Association)
Apparealltems Exporting From Bangladesh
25000
Series6 20000
~Series5
~ 15000 ~Series4 .. III ;, CJ 10000
Series3
5000 : : : : _ Series2
-+-Series1
0
YEAR 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015
Year
_ -e: Shows the Main Apparel Item Exporting from Bangladesh
"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Econom) "
•. 9. Conclusion.
--e garment sector in Bangladesh contributes more than 70 percent of the national income and 80 percent
: the garment workers are female. Due to participation in this income generating sector their life and
~s in the society got upgraded however, largely, the condition of female garment workers is very
- strating. Women workers face various crises in the RMG sector. The print media had written many
_ _ rts and the TV channels had aired many pathetic stories on their low wages, unfriendly working
. ironment, health issues, nutrition, insurance, etc. but feeble measures have been taken so far to address
problems. Overall these problems are hampering the production and environment of the RMG sector
if these obstacles are not removed, the sector may be affected more and more in the coming days. Last
not the least, the poor female
"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Economy"
Chapter 3: An Overview of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Economy
3.1. Garment Industry Analysis.
3.2. Investment In RMG
3.3. RMG Contribution to Export.
3.4. RMG Macro contribution to the Economy
3.5. RMG vs. other sector contribution to the Economy
3.6. Assistance of Bangladesh Government to RMG.
3.7 Conclusion.
til!' "It"!,,!,! t
"Impact of Garments Industr) In Bangladesh Economy"
hapter 3: An Overview of Garments Industry in Bangladesh Economy
•. 1. Garment Industry Analysis.
10 is the leading industry in Bangladesh. It is basically a labor-intensive industry and it needs limited
cial investment and relatively simple technology compared to other high technical industries. The
cess story of Garment Industry in Bangladesh is the story as to how the readymade garments starting in
-:> late seventies as an insignificant non-traditional item of export. In 1998-99 this sector has earned
19.98 million US$ through exporting which is75.67% of the total export (Red wan , 1995).The
~ endous success of Readymade Garment (RMG) exports from Bangladesh over last two decades has
assed the most optimistic expectations. At present Bangladesh is the 6th largest exporter to USA and in
... 7 Bangladesh becomes 18th largest exporter in the world. Now Bangladesh ranks first export of T
to Europe (BGMEA, 1997-98)The overall impact of the readymade garment export industry is
inly one of the most significant social and economic developments in contemporary Bangladesh. The
arkable achievement of RMG sector is now exposed to each and every country. Despite these
ressive achievements and the probable challenges in the near future, if properly managed, the prospects
further expansion and growth for this sector remain bright. There are some major threats still exits in
- sector but Bangladesh has the ability to overcome these threats. Readymade Garment (RMG) industry
.is a key position in the economy of Bangladesh in terms of foreign exchange earning, employment
eration and poverty alleviation. Right now RMG sector is the highest foreign currency earner in
-. gladesh. Apart from contributing to huge foreign exchange earnings, RMG industry has become the
;est source of employment generation. Around 2 million people are presently involved of whom 90%
_ istressed women in the RMG industry of Bangladesh. In addition a rough estimate shows that the
r through linkage effects is currently generating about US$ 2 billion worth of domestic economic
.i ties(Bhattacharya, 2000)RMG industry is the most important sector for the economy of Bangladesh.
ounts for 75.14% in 2000-2001 of the country's total export earnings (BGMEA Newsletter, 2001)
. ut1.5 million workers of whom 90% are distressed women are engaged in about 3200 garment
nes as on June 2000(BGMEA, 1997 -98).It is largest manufacturing sector contributing about 5% to
GOP. But this RMG sector is now facing some challenges especially after 2004. Bangladesh is still at
ancy in terms of quantity production in the readymade garments industry. We still have problems in
"Impact ofGarmcnts Industry In Bangladcsh [~conom)"
ountry for the production of quality goods. Standard is also not satisfactory. The quality of the
~~ made garments of Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan and other countries is far superior to that of ours.
l. 1.Total Number ofEPZ in Bangladesh:
er to stimulate rapid economic growth of the country, particularly through industrialization, the
. ~rnment has adopted an 'Open Door Policy' to attract foreign investment to Bangladesh. The BEPZA is
official organ of the government to promote, attract and facilitate foreign investment in the EPZs.
_. es, BEPZA as the competent Authority performs inspection & supervision of the compliances of the
- ~rises related to social & environmental issues, safety & security at work place in order to maintain
onious labor-management & industrial relations in EPZs. The primary objective of an EPZ is to
.i de special areas where potential investors would find a congenial investment climate free from
Z in Bangladesh
r Export Processing Zone
gla Export Processing Zone
Address of EPZ in Bangladesh
Contact Address: Chittagong Export Processing Zone South Halishahar, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
i.Jr.:laphuli Export Processing Zone Contact Address: Karnaphuli Export Processing Zone Karnaphuli, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Phone: +880 31 801069 Fax: +880 31 801069
0
------
"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Economy"
3.1.2Total Number of Garments Factory In Bangladesh:
Year Number of Garments
_010-11 5150
_011-12 5400
1012-13 5876
_013-14 4222
_014-15 4296
- urce: BGMEA( Bangladesh Garments Manufacturer and Exporter Association)
Number of Garments 7000
... 6000
~ CII
.Q • • E 5000 ::J • z 4000 III CII
3000 CII
~ 2000 Q.
E ..... Number of Garments w 1000
0
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
year
-: gore: Shows the Garments Industry Growth
terpretation for Factory Growth in Last Five Years:
- the Graph we can see that In the Year 2011-12 About 5000 garments Industry are working In this
try. In the next two years it is Increasing but in the year 2013-14 and 2014-15 it' s gone down . In the
year in my research it is slightly increasing that means it has a good possibility to make more Industry
me next few years.
1
"'Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh Econom) "
3.1.3. Total Number of Employee:
Year Number of employees ( In Million)
2010-11 3.60
2011-12 4.00
2012-13 4.00
2013-14 4.00
2014-15 4.00
- ource : BGMEA( Bangladesh Garments Manufacturer and Exporter Association)
Number of employees ( In Million)
4.1
4
3.9 ...
3.8 cu .c E 3.7 :::J z cu 3.6 cu > 3.5 0 D-E 3.4 w
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Year
':jg: Shows Number of Employee
lnterpretation for Employee growth:
~ Number of employees ( In Million)
:-Iere we can see that In the year 2010-11 it is 3.6 Million but in next three consecutive year it is 4 million
a raw. Number of Employee position is good and Well enough. But In last it isn't increasing that might
:e a thinkable matter. If it Increase in future that would be good for Bangladesh economy otherwise
posite can happen.
2
'"Impact of Garments Industry In Bangladesh ECOnOln)"
3.2. Investment in RMG
Year Total Invested Amount In million US$
2010-11 25216.34
2011-12 26032.35
2012-13 30125.56
2013-14 28563.32
2014-15 27685.28
Source: CPD(Center for Policy Dialog Bangladesh)
Total Invested Amount In million US$ 31000 30000 29000 .. 28000
c 27000 :;, 0
i 26000 25000 24000 23000 22000
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Year
~igure: Shows Total Investment in RMG
Interpretation:
~Totallnvested Amount In million US$
:-tere we see that Investment in 2012-13 was in a good position in Bangladesh but after that it will goes :own sharply due to political crisis and other limitation on DFi( direct foreign Investment). In the year : 014-15 it was 27685.28 million $ that was slightly lower amount as per investment concern.
3
3.3. RMG Contribution to Export.
3.3.1. Total RMG Export
Year
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
"Impact of Garments IndustI) In Bangladesh [conom)"
Export In Million( In US$)
17914.46
19089.69
21515.73
24491.88
25491.4
Data Source Export Promotion Bureau Compiled by BGMEA
Export In Million( In US$) 30000 .. 25000 • • c
~ t 0 20000 • E • IV 15000 ~ 0 10000 a. ~ 5000
0 Export In Million( In US$)
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Years
:-igure: Shows Export ofRMG in Total
In terpretation
-otal exports of Bangladesh are depends a lot in RMG. Almost 80% export are doing in this arena. Here e can see Export is Increasing from year to year. It is a good sign for Bangladesh economy. In the year
: J 1 0-11 it was $17914.46 million and than increase as continual basis. In the last year it was $25491.4 -J llion.
4
"Impact of Garments Industr} In Bangladesh Economy"
3.3.2. Total export versus RMG Export of Bangladesh
Year total Expo. Amount I Rmg expo amount
2010-11 22924.38
2011-12 24287.66
2012-13 27027.36
2013-14 30186.62 1
2014-15 31198.45
Data Source Export Promotion Bureau Compiled by BGMEA
Year wise Comparison Graph
Comparison RMG expo vs Total Expo 35000
~--, 30000
111- 25000 \I) :;)
.E 20000 ... c ::J 15000 0 E
10000 c(
5000
0 '--_ 7
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Year
::-ig: Comparison RMG Export vs Total Export.
Interpretation For Comparison
total Expo. Amount
Rmg expo amount
17914.4(
19089.6~
21515.7:
24491.8:
25491.'
n Bangladesh 80% of total export are conducting in RMG. Here We can see that almost all the five years ~G export is Almost 80% of total export. In all the year round it is Increasing day by day. In the year _014-15 and 2013-14 it was good enough both in the total export and RMG export.
5
"'Impact of Garments lndustr) In Bangladesh l:conol11) "
RMG is the major contributor ofGDP of Bangladesh. Here we see In the year 2011-12 RMG contribute 12.67 % in the total GDP. In the next year It is increase to 13.95% and it goes well in the next year also. But after 2012-13 It slightly goes down in the immediate next year It is increasing trend again.
6
"Impact of Garments Industr) In Bangladesh Economy'·
3.S. Assistance of Bangladesh Government to RMG.
The RMG industry is the backbone and motor of Bangladesh's economy. This industry developed rapidly
over the past 30 years by taking advantage of the favorable trade quotas granted to Bangladesh by the
international "Multi-Fiber-Agreement" (MFA). In addition, low labor costs have always been one of the
competitive advantages for Bangladesh garments in the global sourcing market. Today, Bangladesh is the
seventh largest RMG exporter in the world. About 4,200 apparel factories export garments worth nearly
US$ 10 billion, contributing more than 75% to Bangladesh's total export earnings. The industry provides
direct employment to over 2.3 million workers - mainly women - and indirectly supports the livelihood of
about 20 million people. Since the abolishment of the MFA in 2005 the RMG sector in Bangladesh faces
much stiffer competition. Garment prices have been falling by as much as 10% annually over the last three
. -ears. On the other hand, increasing production costs are putting the industry in a very precarious economic
-ituation. In addition, the pressure from buyers has been increasing, demanding from suppliers' full
~ompliance with internationally recognized social and environmental standards, quality products and short
.md reliable delivery schedules. The core problem is that under such conditions a significant number of the
. ctories are not fit enough to survive in the global market.
Government launches new training facilities for inclusive skills development with support of German
Development Cooperation
-:-he Department of Women Affairs (DWA), under the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs (MoWCA)
the Government of Bangladesh has established new barrier free training facilities at the Shahid Sheikh
':"azilatunnessa Mujib Women's Training Academy in Jirani, Gazipur. Enlarge image Inauguration of the